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- Decisions about measurement and assessment can be based on a behavior's topography, frequency, duration, or when and where the behavior occurs.
- A baseline refers to the data collected before any intervention is implemented.
- Patterns in the data may provide clues for potential intervention strategies.
- Direct observation is used to confirm a hypothesis.
- The definition of the problem behavior has to be written in such a way that anyone can record observational data and obtain the same results.
- The targeted behaviors should be defined in such a way that there is a beginning and an end.
- The challenge is to create a recording system that is easy and efficient to use on a regular basis.
- Data should be used to make decisions or improve behavioral support plans on a regular basis.
- In interval recording or time sampling, the number of intervals during an observation period in which a problem behavior occurs are counted.
- Partial interval recording documents whether or not the behavior was occurring at any time during the 10-second observation interval.
- In whole interval recording, the behavior has to occur continously during the whole period in order for it to be noted as an occurrence.
- In time sampling, the teacher looks up at the end of the interval and notes whether the behavior is occurring at that point in time.
- The more accurate the measurement system is, the more attention and energy are required when using it.
- Permanent products are the end result of a child's behavior.
- The numerical results of your observations are called data.
- The scatter plot is an interval recording method that can help to identify whether there are any patterns of problem behavior that occur during specific time periods.
- The ABC analysis is a method that uses a narrative to record the stimuli surrounding a target behavior while conducting observations in the student's environment.
- ABC analysis results should be viewed with caution since no variables are manipulated systematically as in the case of a functional analysis.
- When direct observations do not reveal consistent patterns and hypothesis statements remain unclear, a functional analysis may be needed.
- During a functional analysis, specific antecedents and/or consequences believed to be associated with problem behavior are systematically manipulated.
- There are two approaches that can be used to conduct a functional analysis: the manipulation of antecedent variables or the manipulation of consequences.
- Functional analysis is based upon single-subject research design approaches, the reversal design, and the alternating treatments design.
- Clear guidelines should be established for terminating a session in order to reduce the risk of severe problem behavior and possible injury.
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