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Journal of the Acoustical
Society of America 77 (2),
February 1985 649-657
Measures
of the sentence intonation of read and spontaneous speech in American English
Philip Lieberman,
William Katz, Allard Jongman,
Roger Zimmerman, and Mark Miller
| The visual abstraction
procedure used in previous studies of declination was tested using 12 subjects
who each fit the Fo contours of 19 spoken short simple sentences with baselines.
These baselines were found to be poorly replicated by the fitters. An objective
all-points least-squares best-fit procedure was tested on this corpus and
on a set of sentences that had been produced in both spontaneous and read
speech by six speakers. The all-points linear regression line was a better
descriptor of the Fo contours than either baselines or toplines. Declination
did not always occur in these simple declarative sentences; there was more
variation present in the FO contours of sentences that had been uttered
during spontaneous speech; 35% of the spontaneous sentences did not show
declination; 45% of these sentences better fit the breath-group model. Their
Fo contours could be described by a level all-points linear regression line
followed by a falling terminal segment. |
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