Skip redundant pieces

Bibliography on Women in Science

Compiled by Edith L. Taylor
University of Kansas
Biology 420/701: Seminar on Women in Science

General
Biographical and Historical Material
Book Reviews
Other Bibliographies
Download PDF version PDF Document

General

Abbott, A. 1998. Plea for female academics in Germany. Nature 393: 402.

Abbott, A. 1999. German centre risks women-only job ads. Nature 398(6728): 550.

Abbott, A. 1999. Increase in German science budget a boon for women and youth. Nature 399(6733): 186.

Abbott, A. 1999. Europe seeks greater role for women on key advisory panels. Nature 399(6734): 290.

Abbott, A. 2000. Italian women meet glass ceiling in the lab. Nature 408(6815): 890-891.

Acker, S. 1984. Women in higher education: What is the problem? In: Is Higher Education Fair to Women? S. Acker and D.W. Piper, eds., SRHE & NFER-Nelson, pp. 25-48.

Acker, S. 1992. New perspectives on an old problem: the position of women academics in British higher education. Higher Education 24(1): 57-75.

Acker S, Feuerverger G. 1996. Doing good and feeling bad: The work of women university teachers. Cambridge Journal of Education 26(3): 401-422.

Acker, S. and D.W. Piper, eds. 1984. Is Higher Education Fair to Women? SRHE-NFER-Nelson, Guildford, Surrey, U.K., 244 p. [see individual papers under Acker, Dyhouse, Burstyn and Weinreich-Haste]

Ackerman FN. 2005. Women in science. Issues in Science and Technology 21(2): 24. [Letter to the editor in response to article by Preston, 2004]

Adams KE. 2003. Patient choice of provider gender. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 58(2): 117–119.

Adams KE. 2003. Patient preference and provider gender (reply to Letter to the Editor). Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 58(3): 131–132. [Reply to Letter in the editor by Donohoe 2003 (original article by Adams 2003)]

Adams, T.L. 1998. Gender and women's employment in the male-dominated profession of dentistry: 1867–1917. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 35(1): 21–42.

Adams TL. 2005. Feminization of professions: The case of women in dentistry. Canadian Journal of Sociology 30(1): 71–94.

Adolphi, N. 1995. Shared positions a creative solution for academic couples. APS News Online, 4(11): 5. [available online: http://www.aps.org/apsnews/1295/129512.cfm APS = American Psychological Association]

Ainley MG. 1995. Women's work in geology: A historical perspective on gender division in Canadian science. Geoscience Canada 21(3): 140–142.

Ainley MG. 2000. Feminist perspectives on science and technology (syllabus). In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 207–211.

Aldous, P. 1994. Germany: The backbreaking work of scientist-homemakers. Science 263: 1475-1477, 1480 [Women in Science '94, special section of Science magazine, ed. by J. Benditt].

Aldous, P. 1994. Sweden: Leveling the playing field in Stockholm. Science 263: 1482 [Women in Science '94, special section of Science magazine, ed. by J. Benditt].

Alic M. 1986. Hypatia's Revenge: A History of Women in Science from Antiquity through the Nineteenth Century. Beacon Press, Boston, MA, 230 pp.

Alkire, R.C. (Chair), M.C. Thurnauer (Vice-Chair) and the Chemical Sciences Roundtable. 2000. Women in the Chemical Workforce: A Workshop Report to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable. Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications (CPSMA), National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 158 pp.

Allen LS, Richey MF, Chai Yee M, and Gorski RA. 1991. Sex differences in the corpus callosum of the living human being. The Journal of Neuroscience 11(4): 933–942.

Allmendinger J, and Hinz T. 2002. Programmierte (Un-)Gliechheit? (Programmed (in-)equality?). Zeitschrift für Soziologie 31(4): 275–293.

Alper, J. 1993. The pipeline is leaking women all the way along. Science 260(5106): 409–411.

Amancio L. 2005. Reflections on science as a gendered endeavour: Changes and continuities. Social Science Information 44(1): 65–83.

Amano, Masako. 1997. Women in higher education. Higher Education 34(2): 215–235. [an examination of higher education for women in Japan]

Amato, I. 1992. Profile of a field: Chemistry. Women have extra hoops to jump through. Science 255: 1372–1373. [filed with Benditt, 1992]

American Association of University Professors (AAUP), Committee W on the Status of Women in the Academic Profession. 1993. Salary-setting practices that unfairly disadvantage women faculty. In: Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective, Glazer JS, Bensimon EM, Townsend BK, eds., Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, pp. 365–370.

American Association of University Professors (AAUP). 2001. Statement of Principles on Family Responsibilities and Academic Work. American Association of University Professors, ~11 pp., http://www.aaup.org/statements/REPORTS/re01fam.htm

American Association of University Women (AAUW). 1992. How Schools Shortchange Girls: The AAUW Report. A study of major findings on girls and education commissioned by the AAUW Educational Foundation; researched by the Wellesley College Center for Research on Women. AAUW Educational Foundation and National Education Association, Washington, DC, 116 pp.

American Association of University Women Educational Foundation. 1993. Hostile hallways: The AAUW survey on sexual harassment in America's schools. Researched by: Louis Harris and Associates, Inc., AAUW Educational Foundation, Washington, DC, 25 pp.

American Association of University Women (AAUW), Educational Foundation. 1995. Growing Smart: What’s Working for Girls in School. Executive Summary and Action Guide. AAUW Educational Foundation, Washington, DC, 48 pp. [ILL]

American Association of University Women (AAUW). 1998. Gender Gaps: Where Schools Still Fail our Children. AAUW Educational Foundation and National Education Association, Washington, DC, 150 pp. [Measures schools' mixed progress toward gender equity and excellence since the 1992 publication of How Schools Shortchange Girls. Report compares student course enrollments, tests, grades, risks, and resiliency by race and class as well as by gender. It finds some gains in girls' achievement, some areas where boys—not girls—lag, and some areas, like technology, where needs have not yet been addressed.]

American Association of University Women (AAUW), Educational Foundation. 1998. Separated by Sex: A Critical Look at Single-Sex Education for Girls. AAUW Educational Foundation, Washington, DC, 101 pp. [ILL]

American Association of University Women (AAUW), Educational Foundation. 1999. Gaining a Foothold: Women’s Transitions through Work and College. AAUW Educational Foundation, Washington, DC, 100 pp. [ILL]

American Chemical Society, Committee on Economic and Professional Affairs, R. Ellis, and M.W. Jordan. 2001. Academic Chemists 2000—A Decade of Change: 1990–2000. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 38 pp.

American Chemical Society, Women Chemist Committee Committee on Economic and Professional Affairs, K.Y. Kreeger, and M.W. Jordan. 2001. Women Chemists 2000: Analysis of the American Chemical Society’s Comprehensive 2000 Survey of the Salaries and Employment Status of its Domestic Members. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 50 pp., 1 appendix.

American Chemical Society, Committee on Economic and Professional Affairs, P. Broyles and M. Jordan. 2002. Early Careers of Chemists: A Report on the American Chemical Society’s Study of Members under age 40. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 40 pp.

American Council on Education, Office of Women in Higher Education. 2005. An Agenda for Excellence: Creating Flexibility in Tenure-Track Faculty Careers (Executive Summary). American Council on Education, Washington, DC, 12 pp.

Amram, F. 1984. The innovative woman. New Scientist (24 May, No. 1411): 10–12. [Troubles facing women inventors. Inventions of women. Some is not truly science, but is still interesting.]

Amsterdam, A., R.M. Nissen, Z. Sun, E.C. Swindell, S. Farrington and N. Hopkins. 2004. Identification of 315 genes essential for early zebrafish development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101(35): 12792–12797. ["an inaugural article by members of the National Academy of Sciences elected on April 20, 2004" on Dr. Nancy Hopkins research.]

Anderson A. 1989. Still a soft female touch for doctorates . Nature 340(6233): 417. [on the number of women obtaining Ph.D.s in the US]

Anderson BT. 1993. Minority females in the science pipeline-Activities to enhance readiness, recruitment, and retention. Initiatives 55(3): 31–38.

Anderson C. 1992. Promotion of women physicians in academic medicine: Glass ceiling or sticky floor? Journal of the American Medical Association 273(13): 1022–1025.

Anderson C. 1992. NIH aims at 'glass ceiling'. Nature 356: 6.

Anderson MW, Grimwade A, and Tamkins T. 2004. Annual life sciences salary survey. The Scientist 2004(Sept. 27): 15–19.

Anderson S. 2005. Harvard by the numbers—women in the sciences. Harvard Magazine (Sept-Oct) 108(1): 73. [a chart of the numbers of women students and faculty at Harvard University, from undergraduates to professors-taken from the report of the University Task Force on Women in Science and Engineering at Harvard]

Andrew LB, and Bickel J. 1998. Gender issues in physician career development. Career Planning and Adult Development Journal 14: 105–122.

Angier, N. 2003. No parity yet, but science academy gains more women. New York Times, Tuesday, May 6, 2003, Science Times, p. 2. [an article on the election of 17 women, almost 25% of the total, to the National Academy of Sciences]

Angier, N. 2002. Women join the ranks of science but remain invisible at the top. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 75-78 [reprinted from the New York Times, May 21, 1991]

Angler, N. 2002. Women join the ranks of science but remain invisible at the top. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 75–78.

Anonymous. 1983. Women in science in the United Kingdom. Nature 302(5903): 9. [a chart of the numbers of women in various science disciplines in Great Britain]

Anonymous. 1992. 'Glass ceiling' is real for women engineers. Engineering News-Record 229(11): 27.

Anonymous. 1992. The glass ceiling might as well be steel. Engineering News-Record 229(11): 98.

Anonymous. 1992. Women in science: Discrimination against women in science is wrong but so is a quota system. Nature 359(6391): 92. [editorial; Also see letters to the editor in response to this editorial: Engel J et al.; Hogan B; and Osborn M, all Nature 1992]

Anonymous. 1993. Confronting medicine's glass ceiling. American Medical News 36: 17.

Anonymous. 1995. Women in science. Chemistry in Britain 31(8): 597. [on a British governmental white paper, ‘Realising our Potential,’ on the future employment of women in science]

Anonymous. 1995. Program to encourage women in science. Geotimes 40(11): 10. [on the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation grant to the University of Michigan to establish a program to improve recruitment and retention of women graduate students.]

Anonymous. 1998. China's 'eugenics' law still disturbing despite relabelling. Nature 394 (6695): 707 [Editorial on family planning laws in China]

Anonymous. 1999. Tenure in a chilly climate. Political Science and Politics 32(1): 91–100. [written by 2 women faculty members, who preferred to remain anonymous.]

Anonymous. 1999. How to boost the careers of women in science? Nature 401(6749): 99. [editorial on an international web debate on the scarcity of women in research]

Anonymous. 2000. DOE aim to increase women in science. Chemical and Engineering News 78(37): 17.

Anonymous. 2000. Affirmative action ignored. Nature 404(6780): 795 [editorial on a report by the U.S. National Science and Technology Council on under-representation in the science and technology workforce]

Anonymous. 2000. From Marie Stopes to strawberry condoms. Nursing Times 96(6): 21. [on the history of family planning in Great Britain; Marie Stopes opened the first birth control clinic in England.]

Anonymous. 2000. Sex and science. The Lancet 355: 1287. [An editorial on women in clinical science in the UK, and the opening of a new science building at King’s College, London, which is named the Franklin- Wilkins building in honor of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, who both worked at King’s College]

Anonymous. 2001. Japan and its women. Nature 410(6827): 395 ["Cultural obstacles and potential damage to one's career present major challenges to women wanting to pursue science in Japan. Some changes have occurred, but too few, and too slowly." - Editorial]

Anonymous. 2001. Staff survey shows women feel out in the cold at Caltech. Nature 412: 844 [includes editorial in same issue of Nature, p. 841].

Anonymous. 2001. Keeping women in hospital and academic medicine (Editorial). Lancet 358(9276): 83.

Anonymous. 2001. Women in science: International perspectives. Minerva 39(2): 151. [Introduction to a special issue, ‘Women in science: International perspectives,’ ed. by H. Etzkowitz H, and C. Kemelgor - see individual papers by Fuchs et al.; Plonski and Saidel; Kuwahara]

Anonymous. 2002. Women in science. The Veterinary Record 151(23): 681.

Anonymous. 2002. The role of gender in healthcare communication. Patient Education and Counseling 48: 199–200.

Anonymous. 2002. Women don't want to be "one of the boys." Nature 416: 663 ["At the top of Japan's scientific establishment, women are faced with a past they thought they had escaped."]

Anonymous. 2003. Feminism: Yes, you are: So much for the dress code. Gaea (Newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists) 26(5): 7–8. [on the definition of ‘feminism’]

Anonymous. 2003. Patient preference and provider gender. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 58(3): 131–132.

Anonymous. 2004. ENWISE, Enlarge Women in Science to East. Nouvelles Questions Féministes 23(2): 122–126. [a report of a group on the situation for women in science in central and eastern Europe]

Anonymous. 2005. Action, not words. Nature 436(7048): 151. [on women in science in Japan]

Anonymous. 2005. What is the status of embryos?. New Scientist 187(2513): 5. [Editorial on the British government developing new rules on human embryos to keep up with new technologies.]

Anonymous. 2005. Tenure and gender. Harvard Magazine 107(3): 64–68. [on the low number of women that have been offered tenure in science at Harvard]

Anonymous. 2005. Excerpts from Harvard leader's remarks. The New York Times, February 18, 2005, p. A20. [On remarks made on the lack of women in science by the president of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, in January 2004; see full text of the speech under Summers, 2005]

Anonymous. 2005. The revenge of Ellen Swallow. The New York Times, February 20, 2005, sec. 4, p. 8. [On remarks made on the lack of women in science by the president of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, in January 2004; see full text of the speech under Summers, 2005]

Anonymous. 2005. All things equal (editorial). Nature 437(7057): 296. [‘Lack of affordable child care is a major impediment to women’s careers, in science as elsewhere.’ Also see letter to the editor in response to this editorial, by Zuk and Rosenquist, 2005]

Anonymous. 2006. Why grad students succed or fail. Insidehighered.com news 2006(Feb. 16): 6 pp. [http://insidehighered.com/news/2006/02/16/grad]

Anonymous. 2006. A look at minority and female doctorate recipients. The Chronicle of Higher Education 53(6): B16-B17.

Applegate, J., L. Drotning, N. Gajee, J. Howard, K. Kastens, J. Metcalfe, D. Partridge, M.P. Rodriguez and J. Winsten. 2001. Advancement of women through the academic ranks of The Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences: Where are the leaks in the pipeline? www.columbia.edu/cu/senate/annual_reports/01-02/Pipeline2a_as_dist.doc.pdf 39 pp.

Arenson, K.W. 2005. Little advance is seen in Ivies' hiring of minorities and women. The New York Times, March 1, 2005, p. A13. [on the report, “The (Un)Changing Face of the Ivy League” by the Graduate Employees and Students Organization (GESO) of Yale (see below)]

Armour M, Tovell D. 2006. Transitions. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 283–304.

Ashley, G. 2003. Gail Ashley: Outstanding educator encourages tenure change. Geotimes 48(2): 32. [Dr. Ashley is a geoscientist; this article is on the timing of tenure versus women's personal lives.]

Ashmore, S.E., L.A. Harvey and C. Runciman. 1992. Scientific assistants: contributions and gender issues. Search 23(8): 239–241.

Ashraf, J. 1996. The influence of gender on faculty salaries in the United States, 1969–1989. Applied Economics 28(7): 857–864.

Aspray, W., and A. Bernat. 2002. Retaining students in your graduate program. Science Next Wave, 14 June 2002, 4 pp. [http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/06/13/12? [on mentoring minority students in graduate school]

Association for Women in Science. 1995. Taking the Initiative: Report on a Leadership Conference for Women in Science and Technology. Association for Women in Science, AWIS, Washington, DC, 39 pp.

Association for Women in Science. 2000. Focus: Women scientists and the National Science Foundation—celebrating 50 years. AWIS Magazine 29(2): 6-33 [includes articles on Rita Colwell, first female director of the NSF, women and the information revolution, and minority women scientists at NSF].

Association for Women in Science (AWIS). 2002. Individual Latina voices: Excerpts from the 2002 edition of A Hand Up. AWIS Magazine 31(3): 11–21.

Astin, H.S. 1991. Citation classics: Women's and men's perceptions of their contributions to science. In: The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community (H. Zuckerman, J.R. Cole and J.R. Bruer, eds.), W.W. Norton & Company, NY, pp. 57–76.

Astin HS, and Davis DE. 1993. Research productivity across the life and career cycles: Facilitators and barriers for women. In: Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective, Glazer JS, Bensimon EM, Townsend BK, eds., Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, pp. 415–423.

Astin HS, and Leland C. 1993. In the spirit of the times: Three generations of women leaders. In: Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective, Glazer JS, Bensimon EM, Townsend BK, eds., Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, pp. 493–506. [Reprinted from: Women of Influence, Women of Vision: A Cross-Generational Study of Leaders and Social Change. Astin HS and Leland C, Jossey-Bass Inc., 1991]

Astin, H.S., and J.F. Milem. 1996. The status of academic couples in US institutions. AWIS Magazine 25(4): 12-14 [part of a special issue on dual career couples]

Atlas J. 2005. The battle behind the battle at Harvard. The New York Times, February 27, sec. 4, p. 14. [On remarks made on the lack of women in science by the president of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, in January 2004; see full text of the speech under Summers, 2005]

Austin, L.S. 2000. What’s Holding you Back? 8 Critical Choices for Women’s Success. Basic Books, New York, NY, 230 pp. [includes information on the glass ceiling, competition and suggestions for women to succeed]

Austin J. 2005. The class of 2005. United States: Two scientists and a baby. Science 310: 518–519. [on two women scientists and their job search.]

Babco, E.L. 2000. Limited progress: the status of Hispanic Americans in science and engineering. Commission of Professional in Science and Technology, Washington, DC, 27 pp.

Babco, E.L. 2003. Trends in African American and Native American participation in STEM higher education. Commission on Professionals in Science and Technology, Washington, DC, 10 pp.

Babco, E.L. 2003. The status of Native Americans in science and engineering. Commission on Professionals in Science and Technology, Washington, DC, 7 pp.

Babco, E.L., and J.K. Jesse. 2003 What does the future of the scientific labor market look like? Looking back and looking forward. Commission on Professionals in Science and Technology, Washington, DC, 23 pp.

Babco EL, and Jesse JK. 2005. Employment in the life sciences: A mixed outlook. BioScience 55(10): 879–886.

Babcock, L., and S. Laschever. 2003. Women Don’t Ask: Negotiation and the Gender Divide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 223 pp. [Written by an economist and a writer, this book summarizes research on gender differences in attitudes toward negotiation and outcomes, and offers some suggestions to women in negotiations.]

Back T, Bishop D, Bonanno R, Budil KS, Cromwell KO, Dube E, Gerich C, Lane MA, Lamph JA, Matarazzo C, Monson N, Pico TM, Schleich D, Stoddard MC, Turpin L, von Holtz E, and Walling RS. 2000. Attracting and Retaining Technical Women—What Works? Strategies within—Forging New Realities for Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 32 pp. [a report issued to the Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering and Technology Development (CAWMSET); http://www.llnl.gov/techwomen/pdf/cawmset_rpt.pdf]

Bae, Y., S. Choy, C. Geddes, J. Sable and T. Snyder. 2000. Trends in Educational Equity of Girls and Women. National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC, NCES 2000-030, 99 pp. [statistical data, including many graphs and charts of education by gender] (KU library)

Bagilhole, B. 1993. How to keep a good woman down: an investigation of the role of institutional factors in the process of discrimination against women academics. British Journal of Sociology of Education 14(3): 261–274.

Bagilhole, B. 1993. Survivors in a male preserve: A study of British women academics' experiences and perceptions of discrimination in a UK university. Higher Education 26(4): 431–447.

Baierl E. 2004. Why is life expectancy longer for women than it is for men? Scientific American 291(6): 120.

Bailey, S.M., P.B. Campbell, B.C. Clewell, J. Garbarino, P. Hersch, M. Kimmel, L. Phillips, W. Pollack and B. Thorne, participants. 2001. Beyond the “Gender Wars.” A Conversation about Girls, Boys, and Education. American Association of University Women Educational Foundation, Washington, DC, 58 pp. [ILL]

Bailyn L. 2003. Academic careers and gender equity: Lessons learned from MIT. Gender, Work and Organization 10(2): 137–153.

Baker, B. 2000. Recruiting minorities to the biological sciences. BioScience 50(3): 191–195. ["Biologists are trying a range of approaches to diversify their field."]

Baker, D.P., and D.P. Jones. 1992. Opportunity and performance: A sociological explanation for gender differences in academic mathematics. In: Education and Gender Equality (J. Wrigley, ed.), The Falmer Press, London, UK, pp. 193–203.

Baker M. 2003. Prarie to presidency: Women change the face of Texas medicine. Texas Medicine 99(1): 61-66 Baker, M.A. 2007. Diversity in the geosciences—We can do better. Geotimes 52(1): 17,47.

Baker P, Copp M. 1997. Gender matters most: The interaction of gendered expectations, feminist course content, and pregnancy in student course evaluations. Teaching Sociology 25(1): 29–43.

Baker, P., B. Shulman and E.H. Tobin. 2001. Difficult crossings: Stories from building two-way streets. In: Feminist Science Studies: A New Generation (M. Mayberry, B. Subramaniam and L.H. Weasel, eds.), Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 157–172. [on a project to build scientific literacy among women faculty at Bates College, i.e., to include science in women’s studies and feminism in science]

Baker, S.M. 1999. Success for women in academia: Choices, experiences, and challenges. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 210–218. [papers from a conference held in 1998]

Bakken LL, Sheridan J, and Carnes M. 2003. Gender differences among physician-scientists in self- assessed abilities to perform clinical research. Academic Medicine 78(12): 1281–1286.

Balarat, P. 1999. Women in science. Current Science 77(7): 841–842. [editorial]

Banner LW. 2003. Mannish women, passive men, and constitutional types: Margaret Mead's Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies as a response to Ruth Benedict's Patterns of Culture. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28(3): 833–858. [Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict were both early anthropologists]

Bar-Haim G, and Wilkes JM. 1989. A cognitive interpretation of the marginality and underrepresentation of women in science. The Journal of Higher Education 60(4): 371–387.

Barad, K. 1995. A feminist approach to teaching quantum physics. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 43–75.

Barber, A.L. 1995. U.S. women in science and engineering, 1960–1990. Progress toward equity? Journal of Higher Education 66(2): 213–235. [in part a personal story of working toward a Ph.D. in molecular biology, but also includes data on numbers of women in science]

Barbezat, D.A. 1987. Salary differentials by sex in the academic labor market. Journal of Human Resources 22(3): 422–428.

Barbezat, D.A. 1989. The effect of collective bargaining on salaries in higher education. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 42(3): 443–455.

Bardell, E.B. 1984. America's only school of pharmacy for women. Pharmacy in History 26(3): 127-133 [on the Louisville School of Pharmacy, which opened in 1883]

Barinaga, M. 1992. Profile of a field: Neuroscience. The pipeline is leaking. Science 255: 1366–1367. (Filed with Benditt, 1992). Barinaga, M. 1993. Is there a female 'style' in science? Science 260(5106): 384–391.

Barinaga, M. 1993. Feminists find gender everywhere in science. Science 260(5106): 392–393.

Barinaga, M. 1994. Surprises across the cultural divide. Science 263: 1468-1469, 1472. [statistics and comparisons on the incidence of women in science cross-culturally. Chart of women faculty in physics by country worldwide. Article in one of Science magazine's "Women in Science" issues, edited by J. Benditt.]

Barinaga, M. 1996. Backlash strikes at affirmative action programs. Science 271: 1908–1910. ["New rulings cast doubt on efforts to encourage diversity in science." Part of a special issue on women and minorities edited by E. Culotta]

Barinaga, M. 2000. Soft money's hard realities. Science 289: 2024–2028. [" 'Second-class citizen' is how researchers on soft money, who have to raise their salaries from grants, describe their position. It can be fraught with financial insecurity, disrespect, and poor facilities—as well as some advantages." There are a disproportionate number of women in soft-money positions.]

Barnett, R., and C. Rivers. 2004. Same Difference: How Gender Myths Are Hurting Our Relationships, Our Children, and Our Jobs. Basic Books, New York, NY, 289 pp.

Baron-Cohen, S. 2003. Sugar and spice. New Scientist 178(2396): 54. [On gender differences, brain differences and the psychology of women.]

Barr, E.S. 1992. The experience of women pediatric dental residents: a survey. Pediatric Dentistry 14(2): 100–104.

Barres, BA. 2005. Arrogance imperils plans for change at Harvard. Nature 434: 697.

Barres, BA. 2006. Does gender matter?. Nature 442: 133–136. [on the suggestion that women do not excel in science due to a lack of innate ability and why this theory is not true]

Barry, S. 2002. The role of women in the veterinary profession. Irish Veterinary Journal 55(11): 558–559.

Bart, J., editor 2000. Women Succeeding in the Sciences: Theories and Practices Across Disciplines. Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, IN, 277 pp. [see individual papers].

Barton AC, Osborne MD. 2000. Building inclusive science in classrooms through oral histories. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 236–250.

Bartsch I. 2000. Women, gender, and science: The need for orbitals in higher education (with syllabus). In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 264–269.

Basow SA. 1995. Student evaluations of college professors: When gender matters. Journal of Educational Psychology 87(4): 656–665.

Basow, S.A. 1998. Student evaluations: The role of gender bias and teaching styles. In: Career Strategies for Women in Academe: Arming Athena (L.H. Collins, J.C. Chrisler, K. Quina, eds.), SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 135–156.

Bauer, C.C., and B.B. Baltes. 2002. Reducing the effects of gender stereotypes on performance evaluations. Sex Roles 47(9/10): 465–476.

Baum LG. 2006. Women editors: Change comes from focused action (Letter to the editor). Nature 441: 812. [Response to article by Dalton 2006, ‘Societies spurn women editors.’]

Bayer AE, Astin HS. 1975. Sex differentials in the academic reward system. Science 188(4190): 796–802. [a review of rates of promotion, salaries, etc. for men vs. women in academia]

BBC News. 2005. Charter help for women scientists. BBC News World Edition, on-line June 23, 2005, http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/science/nature/4116056.stm, 2 pp.

Beans, B.E. 1999. Mentoring program helps young faculty feel at home. APA Monitor Online 30(3): 4 pp. (March 1999), http://www.apa.org/monitor/mar99/mentor.html [on mentoring junior faculty]

Beardsley TM. 2006. Kathleen K. Smith: Integrating the levels of evolution. BioScience 56(6): 470–474. [interview with Dr. Smith, who became director of the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center in January 2006]

Becker JE. 2002. What's a smart woman like you doing at home?. Obstetrics and Gynecology 99(5, part 1): 832–834. [on medical residency while having a baby]

Becker JE. 2002. What's a smart woman like you doing at home?. Obstetrics and Gynecology 100(3): 612. [Response to Letter to the Editor by Honig 2002; original article by Becker 2002 on having children during OB-GYN residency]

Becker, W., and R. Goodman. 1991. The semilogarithmic earnings equation and its use in assessing salary discrimination in academe. Economic of Education Review 10(4): 323–332.

Begley, S. 2001. The science wars. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 114–118.

Belcastro, S.-M., and J.M. Moran. 2003. Interpretations of feminist philosophy of science by feminist physical scientists. NWSA Journal 15(1): 1–14.

Beldecos, A., S. Bailey, S. Gilbert, K. Hicks, L. Kenschaft, N. Niemczyk, R. Rosenberg, S. Schaertel, and A. Wedel (The Biology and Gender Study Group). 2002. The importance of feminist critique for contemporary cell biology. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 192–203. [reprinted from Hypatia 3(1): 61-76, 1988]

Belk, C.M. 2000. Gender bias in biological theory formation. In: Women Succeeding in the Sciences: Theories and Practices across Disciplines (Jody Bart, ed.), Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, IN, pp. 169–175.

Bell, R.E., K.A. Kastens, M. Cane, R.B. Miller, J.C. Mutter and S. Pfirman. 2003. Righting the balance: Gender diversity in the geosciences. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 84(31): 292–293.

Bellas, M.L. 1993. Faculty salaries: Still a cost of being female? Social Science Quarterly 74(1): 62–75.

Bellisari, A. 1991. Cultural influences on the science career choices of women. Ohio Journal of Science 91(3): 129–133. [looks at choices of academic majors and careers of Ohio State women graduate students].

Benbow, C.P., and J.C. Stanley. 1980. Sex differences in mathematical ability: Fact or artifact? Science 210: 1262–1264.

Benbow, C.P., and J.C. Stanley. 1984. Gender and the science major: A study of mathematically precocious youth. In: Women in Science (special issue) (M.W. Steinkamp, M.L. Maehr, eds.), Advances in Motivation and Achievement 2: 165–195.

Benckert S, Staberg E. 2000. Women in chemistry and physics: Questions of similarity and difference. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 86–102.

Benditt, J., ed. 1992. Women in science: Pieces of a puzzle (1st annual survey). Science 255: 1365–1388. [special section of Science magazine. See individual articles under: Amato, 1992; Barinaga, 1992; Gibbons, 1992; Selvin, 1992]

Benditt J. 1993. Editor's note to 'Women in science '93: A "female style"? (Letters to the editor)'. Science 261(5120): 412.

Benditt, J., ed. 1993. Gender and the culture of science: Women in science '93. Science 260: 383-430 [special issue of Science magazine. See individual articles under: Alper, 1993; Barinaga, 1993; Culotta, 1993; Morell, 1993; Travis, 1993]

Benditt, J., ed. 1994. Comparisons across cultures: Women in Science '94. Science 263: 1467–1496. [report on women in science internationally].

Benedek, T.G., and J. Erlen. 1999. The scientific environment of the Tuskegee Study of Syphilis, 1920–1960. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 43(1): 1–30. [a discussion of the Tuskegee Study, which was conducted on black men in the south. Even though penicillin was discovered during the course of the study, it was not administered to the patients.]

Benjamin, B.C. 1996. Sterilization abuse: A brief history. http://www.students.haverford.edu/wmbweb/writings/bbsterilabuse.html, 2 pp. (created 4/23/96) [this is a student paper posted to the web]

Benjamin, E. 1999. Disparities in the salaries and appointments of academic women and men. An update of a 1988 Report of Committee W on the Status of Women in the Academic Profession. Academe 85(1): 60-62 (journal of the American Association of University Professors) (reference from: http://www.aaup.org/Wrepup.htm; 3 pp.+ 3 tables) Bennet, L. 1996. Women doctors are changing the face of medicine. Or are they? American Health 15: 72–75.

Bennet, N.M. and K.G. Nickerson. 1992. Women in academic medicine: perceived obstacles to advancement. Journal of American Medical Women's Association 47: 115–118.

Benoit-Browaeys, D. 2001. Les femmes en biologie: Trop absentes aux postes clés. Biofutur 215: 10–11.

Benokraitis, N.V. 1998. Working in the ivory basement: Subtle sex discrimination in higher education. In: Career Strategies for Women in Academe: Arming Athena (L.H. Collins, J.C. Chrisler, K. Quina, eds.), SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 3–36.

Benschop Y, and Brouns M. 2003. Crumbling ivory towers: Academic organizing and its gender effects. Gender, Work and Organization 10(2): 194–212.

Beoku-Betts, J. 2004. African women pursuing graduate studies in the sciences: racism, gender bias, and third world marginality. NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): 116–135.

Bergman, G. 2002. The history of the human female inferiority ideas in evolutionary biology. Rivista di Biología/Biology Forum 95: 379–412. [Explores the nineteenth century idea that women were intellectually and physically inferior to men, and how this idea fit with nineteenth century Darwinism.]

Berkley KJ, Rapkin AJ, and Papka RE. 2005. The pains of endometriosis. Science 308(5728): 1587–1589.

Bertakis KD, Franks P, and Azari R. 2003. Effects of physician gender on patient satisfaction. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 58(2): 69–75.

BEST Staff. 2004. The Talent Imperative: Meeting America's challenge in sciences and engineering, ASAP. BEST (Building Engineering and Science Talent), San Diego, CA, www.bestworkforce.org, 13 pp.

Bhattacharjee, Y. 2004. Harvard faculty decry widening gender gap. Science 305: 1692.

Bhattacharjee, Y. 2004. Family matters: stopping tenure clock may not be enough. Science 306: 2031–2033. [see also Letters to the Editor in reply to this article: C. Djerassi, 2005; A.L. Lewis et al., 2005; Peekna, 2005]

Bickel J. 1988. Women in medical education: A status report. New England Journal of Medicine 319: 1579–1584.

Bickel, J. 1996. Women's advancement in academic medicine: Beyond the glass ceiling metaphor. AWIS Magazine 25: 26–28.

Bickel J. 1997. Gender stereotypes and misconceptions: Unresolved issues in physicians' professional development. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) 277(17): 1405, 1407.

Bickel J. 2000. Women in academic medicine. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 55(1): 10–12.

Bickel, J. 2000. Women in Medicine: Getting In, Growing, and Advancing. Sage Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 119 pp.

Bickel J. 2001. Gender equity in undergraduate medical education: A status report. Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine 10(3): 261–270.

Bickel, J., and D. Green. 1992. Improving the environment for women in medical education. AAMC Reporter 1(6): 1–3.

Bickel, J., D. Wara, B.F. Atkinson, L.S. Cohen, M. Dunn, S. Hostler, T.R.B. Johnson, P. Morahan, A.H. Rubenstein, G.F. Sheldon and E. Stokes. 2002. Increasing women's leadership in academic medicine: Report of the AAMC Project Implementation Committee. Academic Medicine 77: 1043–1061. [available on: http://www.aamc.org/members/wim/iwl.pdf]

Bickmore W. 2001. Comment on Frank Gannon's article 'Searching for discrimination' in EMBO reports, August 2001. EMBO Reports 2(10): 860. [Comment on Gannon et al. 2001; EMBO = European Molecular Biology Organization]

Bielby, W.T. 1991. Sex differences in careers: Is science a special case? In: The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community (H. Zuckerman, J.R. Cole and J.R. Bruer, eds.), W.W. Norton & Company, NY, pp. 171–187.

Biernat, M., M. Manis, and T.E. Nelson. 1991. Stereotypes and standards of judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60(4): 485–499.

Billard, M. 1992. Do women make better managers than men? Working Women 17(3): 68-71 + 2 pp. [Executive and academics are split. Some say women's interactive style is what will work best in the '90s. But critics warn that stereotyping by gender will only hurt women.]

Bindman, L., A. Brading and T. Tansey, eds. 1993. Women Physiologists: An Anniversary Celebration of Their Contribution to British Physiology, Portland Press, London, 166 pp.

Birchard, K. 2004. Canada's billion-dollar controversy. The Chronicle of Higher Education 50: A38-A39. [On the Canada Research Chairs program and the low number of women in the program]

Birchmore, S. 1989. How to get your woman. New Scientist 123: 64. [advice for employers about which questions not to ask when interviewing professional women]

Birke L, and Whitworth R. 1998. Seeking knowledge: Women, science, and Islam . Women's Studies International Forum 21(2): 147–149.

Bird, C.E. 1994. Women's representation as subjects in clinical studies: A pilot study of research published in JAMA in 1990 and 1992. In: Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies, Volume 2 - Workshop and Commissioned Papers (Mastroianni, A.C., R. Faden and D. Federman, eds.), National Academy Press, Washington, DC pp. 151–173.

Bird, S.J., C.J. Didion, E.S. Niewoehner and M.D. Fillmore. 1993. Mentoring Means Future Scientists: A Guide for Developing Mentoring Programs Based on the AWIS Mentoring Project. The Association for Women in Science, Washington, DC, 148 pp.

Bird, S., J. Litt, and Y. Wang. 2004. Creating status of women reports: institutional housekeeping as "women's work." NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): 194–206.

Birke, L. 2001. In pursuit of difference: Scientific studies of women and men. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 309–322.

Birke, L.I.A. with S. Best. 1982. Changing minds: Women, biology, and the menstrual cycle. In: Biological Woman—The Convenient Myth: A Collection of Feminist Essays and a Comprehensive Bibliography (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), Schenkman Publishing Co. Inc., Cambridge, MA, pp. 161–184.

Birke, L., and R. Hubbard. 1995. Reinventing biology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN. Bix AS. 2000. Feminism where men predominate: The history of women's science and engineering education at MIT. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 24–45.

Bix, A.S. 2004. From "engineeresses" to "girl engineers" to "good engineers": A history of women's US engineering Education. NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): 27–49.

Black, H. 1999. Living and studying together: Cluster housing appears to help women science majors. The Scientist 13(23): 6.

Blair JE, Files JA. 2003. In search of balance: Medicine, motherhood, and madness. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 58(4): 212–216.

Blake P. 2006. An eye for mentoring: Women making their mark. AAPG Explorer 2006(Apr. 4): 13 pp. [http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2006/04apr/geowomen.cfm] [interviews with women in geology on their mentors]

Blakemore JEO, Switzer JY, DiLorio JA, Fairchild DL. 1997. Exploring the campus climate for women faculty. In: Subtle Sexism: Current Practice and Prospects for Change (Benokraitis NV, eds.), SAGE Publications, London, UK, pp. 54–71.

Blakemore LC, Hall JM, Biermann JS. 2003. Women in surgical residency training programs. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 85(12): 2477–2480.

Bleier R. 1976. Myths of the biological inferiority of women: An exploration of the sociology of biological research. The University of Michigan Papers in Women's Studies 2: 39–63.

Bleier, R. 1984. Science and Gender: A Critique of Biology and its Theories on Women. Pergamon Press, NY, 219 p. Bleier, Ruth, ed.. 1986. Feminist Approaches to Science. Pergamon Press, NY, 212 pp. [see individual papers under Bleier, Hrdy, Rosser, and Whatley]

Bleier, R. 1986. Sex differences research: Science or belief? In: Feminist Approaches to Science, ed. Ruth Bleier, Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 147–164.

Bleyman LK. 1993. Women in science '93: A "female style"? (Letter to the editor). Science 261(5120): 409. [response to a special section of Science on Women in Science]

Blickenstaff JC. 2005. Women and science careers: Leaky pipeline or gender filter?. Gender and Education 17(4): 369–386.

Blinkhorn S. 2005. A gender bender. Nature 438: 31–32. [‘The conclusion of a number-crunching exercise on various data sets is that male university students have significantly higher IQs than their female counterparts. But the methodology used in deeply flawed.’]

Blitzer PH, and Blitzer EC. 1994. Women in science (Letter to the editor). Science 266(5190): 1463–1464. [response to paper by Etzkowitz et al. 1994]

Bloom BR. 2005. Public health in transition. Scientific American 293(2): 92–99. [women’s health issues are crucial in understanding world health of the future]

Bohannon J. 2005. The Baroness and the brain. Science 310: 962–963. [‘Best known for her popular writing, neuroscientist Susan Greenfield has launched a new center at Oxford to investigate consciousness.’]

Bohonak, N.M. 1995. Attracting and retaining women in graduate programs in computer science. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 169–180.

Bolick, M.R. 2001. Women and plants in nineteenth century America. In: A Flowering of Quilts (ed. P.C. Crews), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, pp. 1–9.

Bolker JA, Butler M, Kissinger J, Riley MA. 1997. Addressing the gender gap in evolutionary biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution (TREE) 12(2): 46–47. [report of a meeting, "Women in Evolution: A Gathering of Scientific Perspectives," held in Fayetteville, AK, September 1996]

Bombardieri M. 2005. A woman's place in the lab: Harvard studies efforts to boost female faculty at U- Wisconsin. Boston Globe 2005(May 1): A1.

Bombardieri M. 2005. Women in science weigh lab-vs.-life goals: Motherhood tests career aspirations. Boston Globe 2005(Dec. 27): A1.

Borg, A. 1999. What draws women to and keeps women in computing? In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 102–105. [papers from a conference held in 1998]

Bornmann L, Daniel H. 2005. Selection of research fellowship recipients by committee peer review. Reliability, fairness and predictive validity of Board of Trustees' decisions. Scientometrics 63(2): 297–320.

Bosch, M. 2002. Women and science in the Netherlands: A Dutch case? Science in Context 15(4): 483–527. [a comparative study on women in science shows that women are worse off in the Netherlands than in other European countries]

Bostanci, A. 2002. Parliament takes aim at Royal Society. Science 295: 1212 [News article: The House of Commons in the U.K. begins an examination of how members are elected to the Royal Society, the most prestigious scientific society in Great Britain; only 44 of 1216 fellows are women.]

Boulis, A. 2004. The evolution of gender and motherhood in contemporary medicine. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 596: 172–206. Special issue, "Mommies and Daddies on the Fast Track: Success of Parents in Demanding Professions," (J.A. Jacobs and J.F. Madden, eds.)

Boyle, E.H., B.J. McMorris, and M. Gómez. 2002. Local conformity to international norms: The case of female genital cutting. International Sociology 17(1): 5–33.

Bozeman, S.T. 1989. Black women mathematicians: In short supply. Sage: A Scholarly Journal on Black Women 6(2): 18–23.

Brack, D.C. 1982. Displaced—the midwife by the male physician. In: Biological Woman—The Convenient Myth: A Collection of Feminist Essays and a Comprehensive Bibliography (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), Schenkman Publishing Co. Inc., Cambridge, MA, pp. 207–226.

Bradford, M. 2007. Catalytic connections (Editorial). Science 315: 437. [on the International Conference of Women Leaders in Science, Technology and Engineering, held in Kuwait]

Bradley, R.M. 1997. Science education for a minority within a minority. American Biology Teacher 59(2): 73-79 [A special issue of ABT on minority science education. This article looks at the reasons for the low numbers of African-American women in science.]

Bradt, S. 2005. Requisites for success: stamina, boundary setting: Women in Science Symposium looks at obstacles and strategies. Harvard University Gazette, on-line April 14, 2005, http://www.hno.harvard.edu/gazette/2005/04.14/13-wise.html, 4 pp.

Brahm RE. 2003. The changing face of veterinary medicine: Women in the profession. Veterinary Heritage 26(2): 36–39.

Brainard, S.G., and L. Carlin. 2001. A six-year longitudinal study of undergraduate women in engineering and science. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 24–37.

Braisher TL, Symonds MRE, Gemmell NJ. 2005. Publication success in Nature and Science is not gender dependent. BioEssays 27(8): 858–859.

Brakke, D. 2001. Moving mountains and building bridges: Rachel Carson and Project Kaleidoscope. AWIS Magazine 30(2): 23–24. [Project Kaleidoscope is a network of educators, scientists and administrators that focus on improving undergraduate science education.]

Brandth, B., G. Follo and M.S. Haugen. 2004. Women in forestry: Dilemmas of a separate women’s organization. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 19: 466–472.

Branscombe, N.R. 1998. Thinking about one's gender group's privileges or disadvantages: Consequences for well-being in women and men. British Journal of Social Psychology 37: 167-184 [Dr. Branscombe is a faculty member in the Psychology Department here at KU]

Branscombe, N.R., and E.R. Smith. 1990. Gender and racial stereotypes in impression formation and social decision-making processes. Sex Roles 22(9/10): 627–647.

Brattstrom, B.H. 1995. Women in science: Do we ignore female role models? Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 76(3): 143–145.

Braun, L. 2002. Race, ethnicity, and health: Can genetics explain disparities? Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 45(2): 159–174.

Bravo, N.R. 2007. Women in biomedical research, NIH experience mirrors that of National Academy of Sciences report. NIH Extramural Nexus 2007(Jan.): 13 pp.

Brawley, O.W., and J.E. Buring, Task Force Co-Chairs. 2003. Science meets reality: Recruitment and retention of women in clinical studies, and the critical role of relevance: A report of the Task Force sponsored by the NIH Office of Research on Women’s Health. NIH Publication No. 03-5403, 205 pp.

Breen G. 1997. Nepotism and sexism in peer-review. Nature 389: 326. [Reply to article by Wenneras and Wold, 1997]

Breithaupt H. 2001. Losing them is not an option. EMBO Reports 2(8): 651–655. [there are so few women in higher positions in the natural sciences that we cannot afford to lose them]

Brennan, M. 1992. Marriage, gender influence career advancement for chemists. Chemical and Engineering News 70: 46–51.

Brennan, M. 1996. Women chemists reconsidering careers at research universities. Chemical and Engineering News 74(24): 8–15. ["Theories abound on why women shy away from Ph.D.-granting schools, but the perception is they're choosing jobs that allow a better balance of work, family."]

Brennan MB. 1998. Reflections of women in science. Chemical and Engineering News 76(14): 37,39–41. [‘Conference at New York Academy of Sciences highlights 25 years of progress for women scientists and engineers.’]

Briscoe, A.M. 1984. Scientific sexism: The world of chemistry. In: Women in Scientific and Engineering Professions. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 147–159.

British Dental Association. 2000. The British Dental Association's Response to Dame Margaret Seward's Consultation: 'Better Opportunities for Women Dentists'. 27 pp. [http://www.bda-dentistry.org.uk/about/docs/oppsforwmn.pdf]

Brittingham, B.E., T.R. Pezzullo, G.A. Ramsay, J.V. Long and R.M. Ageloff. 1979. A multiple regression model for predicting men’s and women’s salaries in higher education. In: Salary Equity: Detecting Sex Bias in Salaries among College and University Professors (T.R. Pezzullo and B.E. Brittingham, eds.), Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, pp. 93–118.

Brogan DJ, O'Hanlan KA, Elon L, Frank E. 2003. Health and professional characteristics of lesbian and heterosexual women physicians. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 58(1): 10–19.

Brouns, M. 2000. The gendered nature of assessment procedures in scientific research funding: The Dutch case. Higher Education in Europe 25(2): 193–199.

Brower V. 2002. Sex matters. EMBO Reports 3(10): 921–923. [“In sickness and in health, men and women are clearly different.”]

Brown AJ, Swinyard W, Ogle J. 2003. Women in academic medicine: A report of focus groups and questionnaires, with conjoint analysis. Journal of Women's Health 12(10): 999–1008.

Brown, G., and C.C. Harris. 2001. A longitudinal study of environmental attitudes of women and gender diversification in the U.S. Forest Service 1990–1996. Forest Science 47(2): 1–12.

Brown, I. 2006. A revolution from within. The Globe and Mail 2006(Oct. 31): 46. [on the number of female college students in Canada]

Brown, J.M. 1992. Women in the ecological mainstream. International Journal 47(4): 706–722. [This article discusses the role and importance of women, especially in developing countries, in the environment.]

Brown, L.J., and V. Lazar. 1998. Differences in net incomes of male and female owner general practitioners. Journal of the American Dental Association 129: 373–378.

Brown, L.J., and V. Lazar. 1999. Trends in the dental health work force. The Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA) 130: 1743-1749 Brown, L.M. and C. Gilligan. 1992. Meeting at the crossroads: Women's psychology and girls' development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 258 pp.

Browning, G. 1992. Sex and science. National Journal 24(12): 724.

Bruer JT. 1983. Women in science: Lack of full participation (Editorial). Science 221(4618): 1339.

Bruer JT. 1984. Women in science: Toward equitable participation. Science, Technology, and Human Values 9(3): 3–7.

Brumberg, J.J., and N. Tomes. 1982. Women in the professions: a research agenda for American historians. Reviews in American History 10: 275–296.

Brunkhorst BJ. 1994. Women's contributions to geology: Barriers in the past, opportunities in the present and future. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 26(2): 42.

Brush, S.G. 1991. Women in science and engineering. American Scientist 79: 404–419. ["Women are still seriously under represented in the sciences, and they have made comparatively little progress in the past five years. Why?"]

Buchmann, C., and T.A. DiPrete. 2006. The growing female advantage in college completion: The role of family background and academic achievement. American Sociological Review 71(4): 515–541.

Buckley LM, Sanders K, Shih M, Kallar S, Hampton C. 2000. Obstacles to promotion? Values of women faculty about career success and recognition. Academic Medicine 75(3): 283–288.

Bug, A. 2000. Gender and physical science: A hard look at a hard science. In: Women Succeeding in the Sciences: Theories and Practices across Disciplines (Jody Bart, ed.), Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, IN, pp. 221–244. [women in physics]

Bullimore, M.A. 1997. Women in optometry: hitting the "glasses" ceiling? Optometry and Vision Science 74(8): 589.

Bullough, V.L. 1985. Merchandising the sanitary napkin: Lillian Gilbreth’s 1927 survey. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 10(3): 615–627. [Dr. Gilbreth was a sociologist and an expert in time-and- motion studies and was also married to the author of Cheaper by the Dozen.]

Bulmahn E. 1999. Women in science in Germany. Science 286(5447): 2081.

Buna, D. 2001. Women in physics: Trends in recent decades. AWIS Magazine 30(2): 17–20.

Bunney, S. 1993. On the origins of the midwife. New Scientist 138(1874): 18. [Differences in the birth canal in humans, apes and australopithecine hominids, and the consequences of this anatomical variation.]

Burack, C., and S.E. Franks. 2004. Telling stories about engineering: group dynamics and resistance to diversity. NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): 79–95.

Burek, C.V. 2001. Where are the women in geology? Geology Today 17(3): 110–114. [historical information on Mary Anning (1799-1847) and Mary Morland (1797-1857), their contributions to paleontology, and how their contributions were viewed by colleagues].

Burfitt H. 1988. Women in science (Letter to the editor). Search 19(1): 41. [response to a book review of Australian scientists; the review did not mention any of the contributions of women in science in Australia.]

Burnell, S.J. B. 2004. So few pulsars, so few females. Science 304: 489. [Editorial by Dr. S. Jocelyn Bell Burnell, an astrophysicist who was instrumental in the discovery of pulsars.]

Burns R. 2000. Women in Antarctic science: Forging new practices and meanings. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 165–179.

Burstyn, J. 1984. Educators' response to scientific and medical studies of women in England 1860–1900. In: Is Higher Education Fair to Women? S. Acker and D.W. Piper, eds., SRHE & NFER-Nelson, pp. 65–80.

Busch-Vishniac IJ. 2006. Climbing the ladder. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 61–81.

Buske, L. 2003. New data point to significant gaps in income of male, female MDs. Canadian Medical Association Journal 168(6): 755.

Butler, D, and F.L. Geis. 1990. Nonverbal affect responses to male and female leaders: Implications for leadership evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58(1): 48–59.

Butler LM. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1615.

Byko M. 2005. Challenges and opportunities for women in science and engineering. Journal of the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (JOM) 57(4): 12–15.

Bylund CL, Makoul G. 2002. Empathic communication and gender in the physician-patient encounter. Patient Education and Counseling 48: 207–216.

Byrne, E.M. 1993. Women and Science: The Snark Syndrome. Falmer Press, London, 208 pp. [a report on a 5-year policy study of women in higher education institutions in Australia]

Bystydzienski, J.M. 2004. (Re)gendering science fields: transforming academic science and engineering. NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): vii-xii.

Cabré, M. 2001. Toward a history of us all: Women physicians and historians of medicine. In: Feminist Science Studies: A New Generation (M. Mayberry, B. Subramaniam and L.H. Weasel, eds.), Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 120–124.

Cahill, L. 2005. His brain, her brain. Scientific American 292(5): 40–47. [“It turns out that male and female brains differ quite a bit in architecture and activity. Research into these variations could lead to sex-specific treatments for disorders such as depression and schizophrenia.”]

Caiazza, A., A. Shaw and M. Werschkul. 2004. The Status of Women in the States—Women’s Economic Status in the States: Wide Disparities by Race, Ethnicity, and Region. Institute for Women’s Policy Research, Washington, DC, 44 pp.

Cain JM, Schulkin J, Parisi V, Power ML, Holzman GB, Williams S. 2001. Effects of perceptions and mentorship on pursuing a career in academic medicine in obstetrics and gynecology. Academic Medicine 76(6): 628–634.

Campbell, M.A., and R.K. Campbell-Wright. 1995. Toward a feminist algebra. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 127–144.

Campbell NA. 1990. A conversation with…Jane Goodall. The American Biology Teacher 52(1): 33.

Campbell, P.B. 1995. Redefining the “girl problem in mathematics.” In: New Directions for Equity in Mathematics Education (W.G. Secada, E. Fennema and L.B. Adajian, eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 225–241.

Cannon ME, Sendall K. 2006. Personal style. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 171–190.

Cano, J. 1990. Male vocational agriculture teachers' attitude and perception toward female teachers of agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Education 30(3): 19–23.

Capek L, Edwards DE, Mackinnon SE. 1997. Plastic surgeons: A gender comparison. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 99: 289–299.

Carey, D.A., E. Fennema, T.P. Carpenter and M.L. Franke. 1995. Equity and mathematics education. In: New Directions for Equity in Mathematics Education (W.G. Secada, E. Fennema, and L.B. Adajian, eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 93–125.

Carlsson, K.A. 2006. Women in science: The battle moves to the trenches (Letter to the editor). The New York Times 2006(Dec. 26): F4.

Carnes, M. 2006. Gender: Macho language and other deterrents (Letter to the editor). Nature 442: 868. [Letter in response to article by Barres, 2006, “Does gender matter?”]

Carnes M, McQuirter M, Bakken L. 2003. The Alternative Tracks to Leadership in Academic Science (ATLAS) initiative at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Wisconsin Medical Journal 102(3): 17–19.

Carr, P.L., R.H. Freidman, M.A. Moskowitz and L.E. Kazis. 1993. Comparing the status of women and men in academic medicine. Annals of Internal Medicine 119(9): 908–913. [Examines productivity of women and men in academic medicine and compares this with their academic rank, tenure and salaries.]

Carr PL, Gareis KC, Barnett RC. 2003. Characteristics and outcomes for women physicians who work reduced hours. Journal of Women's Health 12(4): 399–405.

Carr PL, Szalacha L, Barnett R, Caswell C, Inui T. 2003. A "ton of feathers": Gender discrimination in academic medical careers and how to manage it. Journal of Women's Health 12(10): 1009–1018.

Carson, R. 1951. The sea around us. Oxford University Press, New York. Carson, R. 1955. The edge of the sea. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Carson, R. 1962. Silent spring. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Carson, R. 1965a. The sense of wonder. Harper and Row, New York. Carson, R. 1965b. Under the sea-wind. Simon and Schuster, New York. Caruana CM. 2001. Couples in academic medicine: When academic medicine candidates come in packages. Academic Physician and Scientist 1: 1, 4–5.

Cassel, J. 1997. Doing gender, doing surgery: women surgeons in a man's profession. Human Organization 56: 47–52.

Castell LM. 1997. Serious flaws in UK funding system. Nature 387: 841.

Catalyst. 2005. Women "Take Care," Men "Take Charge:" Stereotyping of U.S. Business Leaders Exposed. Catalyst, New York, NY, 38 pp. [a report sponsor by General Motors, www.catalyst.org]

Cech T, Kennedy D. 2005. Doing more for Kate (editorial). Science 310: 1741.

Centra, J.A., and N.B. Gaubatz. 2000. Is there gender bias in student evaluations of teaching? Journal of Higher Education 71(1): 17–33.

Chan, Y.-M., and B. Lindstaedt. 2002. LGBT scientists must chart their own course. Science Next Wave 26 July 2002 [http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/07/22/5?] [Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered scientists]

Chancellor's Task Force on the Climate for Faculty, UCSF (R. Greenblatt, W. Margaretten, M. Croughan, J. Featherstone, H. Fields, D. Ferriero, P. Fox, R. Kelly, H. Lipton, E. Washington, Z. Werb, S. Weiss and R. Weiller). 2003. Climate for Faculty: Report of the Chancellor's Task Force on the Climate for Faculty, University of California, San Francisco., 170 pp. [available from: http://statusofwomen.ucsf.edu/resources/ClimateFaculty.php Chang, K. 2005. Women in physics match men in success. The New York Times, February 22, 2005, p. F2.

Charlafti I. 2002. A right for family planning. EMBO Reports 3(3): 211–213. [on women’s contraceptive rights]

Check E. 2005. Screen test. Nature 438: 733–734. [‘A new technique could allow doctors to spot hundreds of potential genetic problems in unborn babies. But is it too soon to put it to use?’]

Check E. 2005. Trial aims to measure social effects of choosing babies' sex. Nature 437: 1214–1215.

Cheever DS Jr. 2005. Women's progress: A simple solution. The Chronicle of Higher Education 2005(Oct. 7): B16.

Chesson R. 2002. What's a smart woman like you doing at home?. Obstetrics and Gynecology 100(3): 612–613. [Letter to the editor in response to article by Becker 2002 on having children during OB-GYN residency]

Chilcoat M. 2000. The legacy of Enlightenment brain sex. The Eighteenth Century 41(1): 3–20. [traces the history of the ‘scientific’ idea that women and men have different brains, from the Enlightenment to today]

Chrisler, J.C. 1998. Teacher versus scholar: Role conflict for women? In: Career Strategies for Women in Academe: Arming Athena (L.H. Collins, J.C. Chrisler, K. Quina, eds.), SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 107–127.

Chrisler, J.C., L. Herr and N.K. Murstein. 1998. Women as faculty leaders. In: Career Strategies for Women in Academe: Arming Athena (L.H. Collins, J.C. Chrisler, K. Quina, eds.), SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 189–209.

Christakis DA, Feudtner C. 1993. Ethics in a short white coat: The ethical dilemmas that medical students confront. Academic Medicine 68(41): 249–254.

Chu, C.M., and B.H. MacDonald. 1990. The public record: An analysis of women's contributions to Canadian science and technology before the first world war. In: Despite the Odds: Essays on Canadian Women and Science (M.G. Ainley, ed.), Véhicule Press, Montréal, pp. 63–73.

Chubin, D.E. 1999. What policies of government agencies are worth emulating? In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 197–199. [papers from a conference held in 1998]

Cid, C.R. 2002. Focus on Latinas in science. AWIS Magazine 31(3): 6–7.

Cincotta, R.P., and B.B. Crane. 2001. The Mexico City Policy and U.S. family planning assistance. Science 294: 525–526.

Clark, C., I. Howard, S.E. Lazare and D.A. Weinberger. 2000. A peer mentoring program for under represented students in the sciences. In: Women Succeeding in the Sciences: Theories and Practices across Disciplines (Jody Bart, ed.), Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, IN, pp. 149–167.

Clarke, J. 1995. The invisible women in dentistry. British Dental Journal 178(4): 124.

Clewell, B.C. and B. Anderson. 1991. Women of color in mathematics, science & engineering: A review of the literature. Center for Women Policy Studies, Washington, DC, 100 pp. [a review of the literature on the barriers to achievement and participation in science for women of color]

Clewell, B., K. Darke, L. Tartre, T. Davis-Googe, L. Forcier, S. Manes and J. Raphael. 2000. Summary report on the impact study of the National Science Foundation’s Program for Women and Girls. National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, NSF 01-27, 46 pp.

Clift, E. 1991. Goodbye to white male privilege: Women challenge health care research. On the Issues 21(Winter): 7–9. [on the changes at NIH, involving the inclusion of women in clinical trials]

Cobern, W.W., and C.C. Loving. 2000. Defining "science" in a multicultural world: Implications for science education. Science Education 85: 50–67.

Coghlan, A. 2001. Bring on the girls: We all believe in equality, so why are most fellows still men? New Scientist 171(2304): 13 [a report on the number of women (only 4%) in the Royal Society in Great Britain. Being elected to the Royal Society is the highest honor a scientist in Great Britain can achieve (outside the Nobel Prize)].

Coghlan A. 2005. Are all human embryos equal?. New Scientist 188(2522): 10–11. [on a new method to produce human embryos for implantation that does not destroy an intact embryo]

Cohen, A. 2005. The Lawrence Summers mess: Harvard enters the Internet age. The New York Times, February 28, 2005, p. A18. [A very short excerpt of remarks made on the lack of women in science by the president of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, in January 2004; see full text of the speech under Summers, 2005]

Coghlan A. 2005. Two 'ethical' ways to harvest stem cells. NewScientist.com News Service 2005(Oct 16): 2 pp. [on a new method to produce human embryos for implantation that does not destroy an intact embryo; http://www.newscientist.com/channel/health/dn8164.html]

Cohen, G.L., C.M. Steele, C.M., and L.D. Ross. 1999. The mentor's dilemma: providing critical feedback across the racial divide. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25(10): 1302–1318. [on mentoring minortiy students in science]

Cohen, G.L., J. Garcia, N. Apfel and A. Master. 2006. Reducing the racial achievement gap: A social- psychological intervention. Science 313: 1307–1310.

Cohen, J. 1995. Women: Absent term in the AIDS research equation. Science 269: 777–780. (Filed with Hurtley and Benditt, 1995) [special issue on women's health]

Cohen J. 2005. High hopes and dilemmas for a cervical cancer vaccine. Science 308: 618–621.

Cohen, J., S. Blanc, with J. Christman, D. Brown and M. Sims (of Research for Action, Inc.). 1996. Girls in the Middle: Working to Succeed in School. American Association of University Women (AAUW) Educational Foundation, Washington, DC, 114 pp. (commissioned by AAUW Educational Foundation; research and written by Research for Action, Inc.) [a now-classic study of girls’ education in the middle school years from the point of view of girls, teachers, parents and other school professionals]

Cohen, J., L. Pant and D. Sharp. 1998. Are women held to a higher moral standard than men? Gender bias among university students. Teaching Business Ethics 2: 197–209. [a study of gender bias in ethical decision-making in university students, using liberal arts majors and business majors]

Cohen JJ. 2001. Women in medicine: Much progress, much work to do. AAMC Reporter 2001(December): 2 pp.

Cohen, J.J., and AAMC Project Committee. 1996. AAMC Project Committee on Increasing Women's Leadership in Academic Medicine: Project Report. Academic Medicine 71: 800–810.

Cohen, L.K. 1996. Women as leaders. International Dental Journal 46: 558–564.. Colander, D., and J.W. Woos. 1997. Institutional demand-side discrimination against women and the human capital model. Feminist Economics 3(1): 53–64.

Colby K. 2002. Now we number 33: Women in ophthalmology at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary in 2002. Archives of Ophthalmology 120: 1738–1740.

Cole, J.R. 1979. Fair Science: Women in the Scientific Community. The Free Press, NY, 336 pp.

Cole JR. 1980. Meritocracy and marginality: Women in science today and tomorrow. In: Choices for Science: Proceedings of Symposium sponsored by the Mary Inghram Bunting Institute of Radcliffe College, The Mary Inghram Bunting Institute of Radcliffe College, Cambridge, MA, pp. 4–26. [symposium held in Cambridge, MA, 11 April 1980]

Cole, J.R. 1981. Women in science. American Scientist 69: 385–391. [Despite many recent advances, women are still less likely than men to be promoted to high academic rank, and few have full citizenship in the informal scientific community].

Cole JR, and Cole S. 1979. Which researcher will get the grant?. Nature 279: 575–576. [a study of the peer review system at the National Science Foundation and whether it is a ‘good old boys network’]

Cole, J.R., and R. Fiorentine. 1991. Discrimination against women in science: The confusion of outcome with process. In: The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community (H. Zuckerman, J.R. Cole and J.R. Bruer, eds.), W.W. Norton & Company, NY, pp. 205–226.

Cole, J.R., and B. Singer. 1991. A theory of limited differences: Explaining the productivity puzzle in science. In: The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community (H. Zuckerman, J.R. Cole and J.R. Bruer, eds.), W.W. Norton & Company, NY, pp. 278–310.

Cole, J.R., and H. Zuckerman. 1984. The productivity puzzle: Persistence and change in patterns of publication of men and women scientists. In: Women in Science (special issue) (M.W. Steinkamp, M.L. Maehr, eds.), Advances in Motivation and Achievement 2: 217–258.

Cole, J.R., and H. Zuckerman. 1987. Marriage, motherhood and research performance in science. Scientific American 255(2): 119-125 [Women publish less than men, but marriage and family obligations do not generally account for the gender difference. Married women with children publish as much as their single female colleagues do].

Cole, J.R. and H. Zuckerman. 1991. Marriage, motherhood, and research performance in science. In: The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community (H. Zuckerman, J.R. Cole and J.T. Bruer, eds.),. W.W. Norton & Co., NY, pp. 157–170.

Cole, S. 1986. Sex discrimination and admission to medical school, 1929–1984. American Journal of Science 92(3): 549–567.

Cole SP. 1994. Women in science (Letter to the editor). Science 266(5190): 1463. [ response to paper by Etzkowitz et al. 1994]

Cole, W. 2003. Stay connected. Time, Monday, March 10, 2003 [http://www.time.com/time/ ['Liz Ryan used to hate schmoozing. Now she's making a career of helping professional women.']

Coley RJ. 2001. Differences in the Gender Gap: Comparisons Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in Education and Work. Policy Information Center, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, 51 pp.

Colletti LM, Mulholland MW, Sonnad SS. 2000. Perceived obstacles to career success for women in academic surgery. Archives of Surgery 135: 972–977.

Collins, C.F., ed. 1996. African-American Women's Health and Social Issues. Auburn House, Westport, CT, 227 p. [12 articles on issues in African-American women's health]

Collins, L.H., J.C. Chrisler, and K. Quina, eds. 1998. Career Strategies for Women in Academe: Arming Athena. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 326 pp. (KU library) [see individual papers listed under Benokraitis; Collins; Chrisler; Basow; Rose and Danner; Chrisler et al.; Quina et al.;]

Collins, L.H. 1998. Competition and contact: The dynamics behind resistance to affirmative action in academe. In: Career Strategies for Women in Academe: Arming Athena (L.H. Collins, J.C. Chrisler, K. Quina, eds.), SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 45–74.

Committee on Equal Opportunities in Science and Engineering. 1998. 1998 Biennial Report to the United States Congress. National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, 19 pp.

Commission of the European Communities. 2005. Women and Science: Excellence and Innovation - Gender Equality in Science. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium, 15 pp.

Committee on the Status of Women Faculty (M.C. Boyce, P. Chisholm, E.F. Crawley, L.J. Gibson (Chair), K.K. Gleason, N.A. Lynch, and J.B. Vander Sande). 2002. Report of the School of Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 32 pp. (http://web.mit.edu/faculty/reports/pdf/soe.pdf) Conefrey T. 1997. Gender, culture and authority in a university life sciences laboratory. Discourse and Society 8(3): 313–340.

Conley, F.K. 1991. Confessions of an academic maverick. The Commonwealth 85: 778–787. [on sexism, especially in medicine. Dr. Conley is a surgeon from Stanford University.]

Conley, F. 1993. Toward a more perfect world: eliminating sexual discrimination in academic medicine. New England Journal of Medicine 328: 351–352. [Dr. Conley is a surgeon from Stanford University.]

Conway, J.K., and Y. Garb. 1999. Gender, environment, and nature: two episodes in feminist politics. In: Earth, Air, Fire, Water: Humanistic Studies of the Environment (J.K. Conway, K. Keniston, and L. Marx, eds.), University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, MA, pp. 259–278.

Cooper, B.E., and J.L. Henderson. 1988. A profile of women scientists in colleges of agriculture. NACTA Journal 32(1): 10–13.

Cooper, B.E., and J.L. Henderson. 1989. Career perceptions of women faculty in colleges of agriculture. NACTA Journal 33(1): 13–16.

Coltrane, S. 2004. Elite careers and family commitment: It's (still) about gender. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 596: 214–220. Special issue, "Mommies and Daddies on the Fast Track: Success of Parents in Demanding Professions," (J.A. Jacobs and J.F. Madden, eds.)

Costas I. 2002. Women in science in Germany. Science in Context 15(4): 557–576.

Coté J. 1999. Concerning the review of The Fateful Hoaxing of Margaret Mead by Derek Freeman—Reply. Pacific Affairs 72(2): 265–267. [Margaret Mead was an early anthropologist who worked in the southeast Pacific] [reply to Freeman’s comment, 1999]

Coté JE. 2000. The implausibility of Freeman's hoaxing theory: An update. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 29(5): 575–585. [Derek Freeman proposed that Margaret Mead, an early anthropologist, had been hoaxed by villagers when she did the research for her seminal work, Coming of Age in Samoa]

Cotton P. 1992. NIH aims at 'glass ceiling'. Nature 356: 6.

Cotton, P. 1992. Women scientists explore more ways to smash through the 'glass ceiling'. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) 268(2): 173.

Couppie, T., D. Epiphane and C. Fournier. 1997. School-to-work transition and after: Do inequalities between the sexes defy diplomas? Training and Employment n. 28, Summer, 1997.

Couzin J. 2005. Plan B: A collision of science and politics. Science 310: 38–39. [on the emergency contraceptive, Levonorgestrel, and the politics involved in keeping it from the public]

Couzin, J. 2007. Probing the roots of race and cancer. Science 315: 592–594.

Couzin, J., and M. Enserink. 2002. More quesions about hormone replacement. Science 298: 942.

Cox, M., Alm, R. 2005. Scientists are made, not born. The New York Times, February 28, 2005, p. A19. [Response to remarks made on the lack of women in science by the president of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, in January 2004; see full text of the speech under Summers, 2005]

Cowan, R.S. 2001. Medicine, technology, and gender in the history of prenatal diagnosis. In: Feminism in Twentieth-Century Science, Technology, and Medicine (A.N.H. Creager, E. Lunbeck and L. Schiebinger, eds.), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp. 186-196.

Cowley, G. 1996. The biology of beauty. Newsweek June 3, pp. 61–66. [on the evolution of beauty and facial symmetry]

Cox, A.M., and R. Wilson. 2001. Leaders of 9 universities pledge to improve conditions for female scientists. The Chronicle of Higher Education (February 9, 2001) 47(22): A12.

Creager, A.N.H., E. Lunbeck and L. Schiebinger, eds. 2001. Feminism in Twentieth-Century Science, Technology, and Medicine, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 264 pp. [see individual articles under: Cowan; Gilbert and Rader; Mack]

Creamer, E.G. 1995. The scholarly productivity of women academics. Initiatives 57(1): 1–9.

Cronin C, Roger A. 1999. Theorizing progress: Women in science, engineering, and technology in higher education. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 36(6): 637–661. [on a project, Winning Women, designed to increase the number of women in higher education in Scotland]

Crozier S. 1991. Why women choose dentistry. Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA) 122(13): 38–40.

Culotta, E. 1992. Black colleges cultivate scientists. Science 258: 1216–1218. [Part of a special issue on women and minorities in science edited by E. Culotta and A. Gibbons].

Culotta, E. 1992. Identity crisis: Teaching vs. research. Science 258: 1223-1224 [Part of a special issue on women and minorities in science edited by E. Culotta and A. Gibbons].

Culotta, E. 1993. Women struggle to crack the code of corporate culture. Science 260: 398–404. (filed with Benditt, 1993). Culotta, E. 1993. Work and family: Still a two-way stretch. Science 260: 401.

Culotta, E. 1993. Women in industry: Entrepreneurs say: 'It's better to be the boss.' Science 260: 406. (filed with Benditt, 1993)

Culotta, E., ed. 1993. Minorities in science '93: Trying to change the face of science. Science 262: 1089–1135. [special issue of Science magazine. See individual papers under: Culotta; Fox (x2); Gibbons (x3); Holden (x2); Hoy; Kahn; Miller; Olden; Sims; Stone; and Travis]

Culotta, E. 1993. Finding—and keeping—minority professors. Science 262: 1091-1092, 1095–1096. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science, edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Culotta, E., ed. 1996. Maintaining diversity in science. Science 264: 1901–1921. [special section of Science]

Culotta, E., and A. Gibbons, ed. 1992. Minorities in science: Two generations of struggle—Special report overview. Science 258: 1176-1232 [special feature in Science magazine on women and minorities in science.]

Culotta, E., and A. Gibbons. 1992. Two generations of struggle. Science 258: 1176. [on minorities in science]

Culpepper, E.E. 1979. Exploring menstrual attitudes. In: Women Look at Biology Looking at Women: A Collection of Feminist Critiques (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), G. K. Hall & Co., Boston, MA, pp. 135–161.

Curtis, J. 1993. After Silent Spring: The unsolved problems of pesticide use in the United States. Natural Resources Defense Council, NY. Curtis, J.W. 2004. Balancing work and family for faculty: why it's important. Academe 90: 21–23.

Curtis, J.W. 2005. Inequities persist for women and non-tenure-track faculty. The annual report on the economic status of the profession, 2004–05. Academe 91: 21–30.

Cutlip, K. 1997. Midwifery goes mainstream as hospitals expand options and cut costs. Hospital Topics 75(3): 17–21.

Cyranoski, D. 2001. 'One woman is enough…' Nature 410(6827): 404–406. ["Few women reach the uppermost rungs of Japan's scientific hierarchy. But some are now starting to challenge the system and attitudes that frustrate their career progress."]

Czujko, R., and M. Henly. 2003. Good news & bad news: Diversity data in the geosciences. Geotimes 48(9): 20–22. [a special issue of Geotimes, "Diversity in the geosciences," ed. by M. Smith]

Dabbs, J.M., Jr., E.-L. Chang, R.A. Strong, and R. Milun. 1998. Spatial ability, navigation strategy, and geographic knowledge among men and women. Evolution and Human Behavior 19: 89–98. [the authors looked at spatial skills in men and women and found sex-related differences and age-related differences, even though all of their participants were college students.]

Dalton R. 2006. Societies spurn women editors. Nature 440: 974–975. [on the resignation of Theresa Markow, president of the Society for the Study of Evolution, in response to the lack of women editors in the society]

Daly, B. 2004. Introduction: (re)gendering science (special issue). NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): vi-vii. Damarin, S.K. 1995. Gender and mathematics from a feminist standpoint. In: New Directions for Equity in Mathematics Education (W.G. Secada, E. Fennema, L.B. Adajian, eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 242–257.

Damschen EI, Rosenfeld KM, Wyer M, Murphy-Medley D, Wentworth TR, Haddad NM. 2005. Visibility matters: Increasing knowledge of women's contributions to ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3(4): 212–219.

Daniell, E. 2005. Every Other Thursday: Stories and Strategies from Successful Women Scientists. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT., 296 pp. [“the story of a professional problem-solving group that..has empowered its members by providing practical and emotional support.” The objective of the group is “cooperation in a competitive world.” - ILL]

Daniels, J.Z., and S.V. Rosser. 2003. Examining the problem of underrepresentation through a study of award-winning women faculty. AWIS Magazine 32(3): 12-21 [a study of women who received NSF POWRE (Professional Opportunities for Women in Research and Education) awards or Clare Boothe Luce Professorships]

Dar-Nimrod, I., and S.J. Heine. 2006. Exposure to scientific theories affects women's math performance. Science 314: 435.

Davis, A.C. 1996. Women and underrepresented minority scientists and engineers have lower levels of employment in business and industry. National Science Foundation Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences, Science Resources Studies Division Data Brief 1996(14): 1–4.

Davis, C.-S., A.B. Ginorio, C.S. Hollenshead, B.B. Lazarus, P.M. Rayman, et al. 1996. The equity equation: Fostering the advancement of women in the sciences, mathematics and engineering. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA, 353 pp. [collection of articles by various authors on getting and keeping women in science, beginning with grade school, through undergraduates, graduate students, and on to careers in academia and industry. Also includes data on numbers of women in science, including women of color.]

Davis, H.C. 1999. Oh, if they could only see us now! In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 113–117. [papers from a conference held in 1998]

Davis JF. 1994. Prospects for improving women and minority participation in the Earth sciences during the 1990s. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 26(2): 47.

Davis, M.A. 2004. Null model trumps accusations of bias. Science 306: 1891. [a letter to the editor on the lack of women that received the first NIH Pioneer Awards]

Dawley, K. 2000. The campaign to eliminate the midwife. American Journal of Nursing 100(10): 50–56.

Dawson, N. 2007. Post postdoc: Are new scientists prepared for the real world?. BioScience 57(1): 16.

Day, M. 1997. The price of prejudice. New Scientist 156(2106): 22–23. ["The world may miss out because the fruits of research in developing countries seldom make it to the pages of top journals."]

Day, R.A. 1995. Scientific English: A Guide for Scientists and Other Professionals, 2nd Edition. The Oryx Press, Westport, CT, 148 pp.

Day, R.A. 1998. How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, 5th Edition. The Oryx Press, Westport, CT, 275 pp.

de Angelis CD. 2000. Women in academic medicine: New insights, same sad news. The New England Journal of Medicine 342(6): 426–427.

de Boer AM. 2002. Would Title IX help women in science?. Science 298: 1891.

de Wet, C.B. and A.P. de Wet. 1995. Making it work together: spouses on the tenure track. Geotimes 40(4): 17–19.

de Wet, C.B., G.M. Ashley and D.P. Kegel. 2002. Biological clocks and tenure timetables: Restructuring the academic timeline. GSA Today 12(11): 24, + 7 pp. supplement online at www.geosociety.org/pubs/gsatoday/ [on the percentages of women in geoscience faculties at U.S. universities]

Dean, C. 1998. After a struggle, women win a place "on the Ice." New York Times (Science Times), Tuesday, November 10, 1998: D1, D4 [on women researchers and workers in Antarctica].

Dean, C. 2006. Bias is hurting women in science, panel reports. The New York Times 2006(Sept. 19): A22.

Dean, C. 2006. Women in science: The battle moves to the trenches. The New York Times 2006(Dec. 19): F1.

DeKleer, K. 2005. Report on NIH funding shows some institutes support sex differences research, but many perform poorly. http://www.womenshealthresearch.org/press/releases/051005.htm, : 2 pp.

Dennis, M.R., and A.D. Kunkel. 2004. Perceptions of men, women, and CEOs: The effects of gender identity. Social Behavior and Personality 32(2): 155–172.

Dennis, R.E., L. McNeil and M. Sher. 1999. The dual career couple "problem." Physics Today 52(9): 78 [reprinted in Gaea, newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists, 23(1): 13–14.

DeSouze, E., and A.G. Fansler. 2003. Contrapower sexual harassment: A survey of students and faculty members. Sex Roles 48(11/12): 529–542. ["contrapower sexual harassment" is defined as sexual harassment of those with more power by those with less, e.g., women who enter a male-dominated field may pose a threat to men and are harassed by them]

Deutsch, C.H. 2005. Are women responsible for their own low pay?: at lunch with Warren Farrell. New York Times, February 27, 2005., sec. 3, p. 7.

Devitt, N. 1979. The statistical case for elimination of the midwife: Fact versus prejudice, 1890-1935 (Part 1). Women and Health 4(1): 81–96.

Devitt, N. 1979. The statistical case for elimination of the midwife: Fact versus prejudice, 1890-1935 (Part 2). Women and Health 4(2): 169–186.

Dewandre, N. 2002. European strategies for promoting women in science. Science 295: 278–279.

Dewandre, N. 2003. "She Figures": Women and Science Statistics and Indicators. European Commission/ Directorate-General for Research, 116 pp. [available: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/science-society/women/wssi/publication_en/html ]

Diamond, J. 1996. Why women change. Discover 17(7): 130–137. [on menopause and its evolutionary significance]

Diamond J. 2005. Geography and skin colour. Nature 435: 283–284. [‘Human skin comes in many different shades. Recent studies of geographical differences in skin colour open up the subject scientifically by offering sophisticated accounts of the basis of this variation.’]

Diaz-Sprague, R. 2002. Reflections on issues faced by Latinas in science. AWIS Magazine 31(3): 8–9.

Diaz-Sprague, R. 2003. The MIT success story: Interview with Nancy Hopkins. AWIS Magazine 32(1): 10–15. [Dr. Hopkins is a Professor of Biology at MIT and was co-chair of a committe that found gender discrimination in science at MIT. See Hopkins and Potter, 1999 and Hopkins et al. 2002]

Diaz-Sprague, R. 2004. Amazing career, amazing grace: An interview with Rita Colwell. AWIS Magazine 33(3): 20–21. [Rita Colwell is a microbiologist and the first women to head the National Science Foundation]

Diaz-Sprague, R. 2005. [Interview with] Debra Rolison: Can Title IX tackle gender inequity in science? AWIS Magazine 34(1): 31–33.

Diaz-Sprague, R. 2005. From the stars, down to Earth. A conversation with Kathy Sullivan AWIS Magazine 34(3): 27–28. [Dr. Sullivan is a former astronaut and the first American woman to walk in space.]

Didion, C.J., M.A. Fox and M.E. Jones. 1998. Cultivating Academic Careers: AWIS Project on Academic Climate. The Association for Women in Science, Washington, DC, 99 pp. [a resource book for those "interested in issues concerning women faculty and seeking to improve the environment for women in academic institutions"]

Dierker, D.L. 2006. Holding the centre among the scatter-brained (Letter to the editor). Nature 442(7102): 510. [response to article by Barres, 2006, “Does gender matter?”]

Ding, W.W., F. Murray and T.E. Stuart. 2006. Gender differences in patenting in the academic life sciences. Science 313: 665–667.

Dingell, J.D., and C.B. Maloney, offices of. 2002. A new look through the glass ceiling: Where are the women? The status of women in management in ten selected industries. Taken from data provided by the US General Accounting Office (see), analyzed by the staffs of Representatives Dingell (D-MI) and Maloney (D-NY), 16 pp.

Dix, L.S., ed. 1987. Women: Their Underrepresentation and Career Differentials in Science and Engineering, Proceedings of a Workshop (9 October 1986). National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 180 pp. [an edited volume with 4 chapters and 3 discussions, ILL]

Djerassi C. 1999. Who will mentor the mentors?. Nature 397(6717): 291. [on mentoring of graduate students and a proposal that mentors be evaluated by students and post-doctoral fellows annually]

Djerassi, C. 2005. Combining parenting and a science career. Science 307: 1720. [a Letter to the Editor in response to an article by Bhattacharjee, “Family matters: Stopping the tenure clock may not be enough.” See other letters by A.L. Lewis et al., 2005; Peekna, 2005]

Dolphin, A.C. 2006. Gender: Missing the prizes that can inspire a career (Letter to the editor). Nature 442: 868.

Donadio R. 2005. The tempest in the ivory tower. The New York Times Book Review 2005(Mar. 27): 12. [editorial on Harvard University and President Lawrence Summers, who made controversial statements about why there were so few women in science in January 2004]

Donovan C, Hodgson B, Scanlon E, Whitelegg E. 2005. Women in higher education: Issues and challenges for part-time scientists. Women's Studies International Forum 28: 247–258.

Dougherty, M.C. 1982. Southern midwifery and organized health care: systems in conflict. Medical Anthropology 6: 113–126.

Douglas, K. 2001. ♀Venus and Mars♂. New Scientist 170(2290): 42–45. [on the stereotypes of the behavior of men and women].

Douglas, M.S. 1997. The Everglades: River of Grass, 50th Anniversary Editor, Pineapple Press, Inc., Sarasota, FL, 478 pp. [Marjorie Stoneman Douglas was an early environmentalist and a proponent of restoring and protecting the Everglades. She was instrumental in advocating for an Everglades National Park.]

Dovidio, J.F., S.L. Ellyson, C.F. Keating, K. Heltman, and C.E. Brown. 1988. The relationship of social power to visual displays of dominance between men and women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54(2): 233–242.

Doyle, R. 1999. Men, women and college. Scientific American 281(4): 40. [review of the data on increasing number of women and decreasing number of men in college]

Doyle, R. 2000. Minorities and bachelor's degrees in the U.S. Scientific American 282(3): 24. [ A brief summary of the data, including some of the effects of the removal of affirmative action in college admissions in the University of California system.]

Doyle, R. 2000. Women and the professions. Scientific American 282(4): 30. [data on the pay that women received in professional fields as a percentage of what men make. In all professional specialities, women make on average 76¢ for every dollar that men make. Broken down by profession, it ranges from 70¢ for lawyers to 87¢ for mathematical and computer scientists.]

Doyle, R. 2002. Filling the pipeline: Are there enough Ph.D.s in science and engineering? Scientific American 287(1): 30.

Dreger, A.D. 2000. Doubtful sex. In: Feminism and the Body (L. Schiebinger, ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 118-151 [history, medical and social issues of hermaphrodism]

Dresler CM, Padgett DI, Mackinnon SE, Patterson A. 1996. Experiences of women in cardiothoracic surgery: A gender comparison. Archives of Surgery 131(11): 1128–1134.

Dresselhaus, M.S. 1984. Responsibilities of women faculty in engineering schools. In: Women in Scientific and Engineering Professions. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 128–136.

Dresselhaus, M.S. (committee chair), Committee on Women in Science and Engineering, National Research Council. 1991. Women in Science and Engineering: Increasing their Numbers in the 1990s: A Statement on Policy and Strategy. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 152 pp.

Dresselhaus, M.S., J.R. Franz and B.C. Clarke. 1994. Interventions to increase the participation of women in physics. Science 263: 1392-1393 [Women in Science '94, special section of Science magazine, ed. by J. Benditt].

Druss, V., and M.S. Henifin. 1979. Why are so many anorexics women? In: Women Look at Biology Looking at Women: A Collection of Feminist Critiques (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), G. K. Hall & Co., Boston, MA, pp. 127–133.

Dumais L. 1992. Impact of the participation of women in science: On rethinking the place of women especially in occupational health. Women and Health 18(3): 11–25.

Duncan, N. 1999. Where women are in the majority. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 87–88. [papers from a conference held in 1998]

Durham, W., R. Hollingworth, and G. Marco, eds. 1987. Silent Spring revisited. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. Dyche, S.E. and S.D. Ceperich. 1996. Separate science classes for females (editorial). The American Biology Teacher 58(6): 324.

Dyhouse, C. 1984. Storming the citadel or storm in a tea cup? The entry of women in higher education 1860–1920. In: Is Higher Education Fair to Women? S. Acker and D.W. Piper, eds., SRHE & NFER-Nelson, pp. 51–64.

Easlea, B. 1986. The masculine image of science with special reference to physics: How much does gender really matter? In: Perspectives on Gender and Science (J. Harding, ed.), The Falmer Press, London, UK, pp. 132–158.

Easlea, B. 2002. Patriarchy, scientists, and nuclear warriors. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 98-112 [reprinted from Beyond Patriarchy, M. Kaufman, ed., Oxford University Press, Toronto, Ont., Canada, 1987]

Eastman, C.M. 1995. Accommodating diversity in computer science education. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 160–168.

Eaton, S.C. 1999. Surprising opportunities: Gender and the structure of work in biotechnology firms. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 175–188. [papers from a conference held in 1998]

Eberts RW, Stone JA. 1985. Male-female differences in promotions: EEO in public education. The Journal of Human Resources 20(4): 504–521.

Eccles, J. (Parsons). 1984. Sex differences in mathematics participation. In: Women in Science (special issue) (M.W. Steinkamp, M.L. Maehr, eds.), Advances in Motivation and Achievement 2: 93–137.

Egan, M.L., and M. Bendick, Jr. 1994. International business careers in the United States: Salaries, advancement and male-female differences. The International Journal of Human Resource Management 5(1): 33-50 [paper cited in the research of Valan (see)].

Eisenberg, A. 1992. Women and the discourse of science. Scientific American 267(1): 122 [an essay on how language affects our views of science and especially women in science]

Eisenhart, M.A., and E. Finkel. 1998. Women's Science: Learning and Succeeding from the Margins. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 272 pp.

Eisenhart, M.A., and E. Finkel. 2001. Women (still) need not apply. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 13–23. [short history of women in science and engineering and efforts to improve women's opportunities through education.]

Elie, P. 1992. Hiring à deux: Why must I be a pro-fes-sor in love? The trials, tribulations, and occasional triumphs of the dual-career couple. Lingua Franca: the Review of Academic Life 2(3): 27.

Elks M. 1993. Women in science '93: A "female style"? (Letter to the editor). Science 261(5120): 410.

Ellemers N, van den Heuvel H, de Gilder D, Maass A, Bonvini A. 2004. The underrepresentation of women in science: Differential commitment or the queen bee syndrome?. British Journal of Social Psychology 43: 315–338.

Elliott J, and Powell C. 1987. Young women and science: Do we need more science? British Journal of Sociology of Education 8(3): 277–286.

Ellsbury, K.E., L.-M. Baldwin, K.E. Johnson, S.J. Runyan and L.G. Hart. 2002. Gender-related factors in the recruitment of physicians to the rural Northwest. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 15: 391–400.

Engel J, Flynn JJ, Crane PR, and Lanyon S. 1992. Women in science (Letter to the editor). Nature 360(6403): 405. [In response to article: Discrimination against women in science is wrong but so is a quota system, Nature 359: 92, 1992]

Enserink, M. 2002. The vanishing promises of hormone replacement. Science 297: 325–326.

Enserink, M. 2002. U.K. hormone trial to pause for review. Science 297: 55–757.

Enserink M. 2005. Let's talk about sex—and drugs. Science 308(5728): 1578–1580. [special issue on women’s health]

Epstein, C.F. 1991. Constraints on excellence: Structural and cultural barriers to the recognition and demonstration of achievement. In: The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community (H. Zuckerman, J.R. Cole and J.R. Bruer, eds.), W.W. Norton & Company, NY, pp. 239–258.

Epstein LC. 2002. Sex differences in career progression and satisfaction in an academic medical center. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 57(4): 195, 207.

Erb TO, and Smith WS. 1984. Validation of the attitude toward Women in Science Scale for early adolescents . Journal of Research in Science Teaching 21(4): 391–397.

Erskine, M.S. 1999. A view from the trenches. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 219–223. [papers from a conference held in 1998]

Ervin D, Thomas BJ, Zey-Ferrell M. 1984. Sex discrimination and rewards in a public comprehensive university. Human Relations 37(12): 1005–1028.

Eshiwani, G.S. 1985. Women’s access to higher education in Kenya: A study of opportunities and attainment in science and mathematics education. Journal of Eastern African Research and Development 15: 91–110.

Esmail, A., P. Abel and S. Everington. 2003. Discrimination in the discretionary points award scheme: Comparison of white with non-white consultants and men with women. British Medical Journal 326: 687–688. [includes 2 letters to the editor in response to this article. The discretionary points system in Great Britain awards consultants beyond their basic salaries.]

Esterle L, Barré R, Crance M. 2000. Les femmes dans la recherche française (La carrière scientifique continue de pénaliser le 'deuxième sex'). La Recherche 334: 80–83. [on women in scientific research in France]

Etzkowitz, H. 1996. The science of sexual discrimination. The Economist 22: 97–99. [the first of three articles on science—on “the difficulties female scientist face, and what can be done about them.”]

Etzkowitz, H., C. Kemelgor, M. Neuschatz, and B. Uzzi. 1992. Athena unbound: barriers to women in academic science and engineering. Science and Public Policy 19: 157–179.

Etzkowitz, H., C. Kemelgor, M. Neuschatz, B. Uzzi and J. Alonzo. 1994. The paradox of critical mass for women in science. Science 266(5182): 51–54.

Etzkowitz, H., C. Kemelgor, M. Neuschatz, B. Uzzi., Alonzo, J. 1997. Gender implosion: the paradox of 'critical mass' for women in science. In: Contemporary Higher Education: International Issues for the Twenty-First Century (S. Fuchs, eds.), Garland Publishers, NY, pp. 291–316.

Etzkowitz, H., C. Kemelgor, and B. Uzzi. 2000. Athena Unbound: The Advancement of Women in Science and Engineering. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 282 pp.

Euben DR. 2001. "Show me the money": Pay equity in the academy. Academe 87(4): 30–36.

Everett, K.G., W.S. DeLoach and S.E. Bressan. 1996. Women in the ranks: Faculty trends in the ACS- approved departments. Journal of Chemical Education 73(2): 129–141. [ACS = American Chemical Society]

Ewel, K.C. 1989. The role of women in ecology: A perspective from ecosystem science. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 4(2): 39–40.

Faderman, L. 2002. Degrees of choice. AAUW Outlook 96(2): 23–25. [on ‘romantic friendships’ between women in the late 1800s and early 1900s, especially in academia. Many such relationships were viewed in a positive light, in contrast to the attitudes of many today.]

Faerber C, Johnson A. 2006. Continuing professional development. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 21–35.

Falconer, E.Z. 1989. A story of success: The sciences at Spelman College. Sage: A Scholarly Journal on Black Women 6(2): 36–38. [Spelman is a small, prestigious, traditionally black college which has produced a large number of women with bachelor's degrees in science and engineering.]

Falk D. 1992. Women in science: the response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1612.

Falk, D. 1997. Brain evolution in females: An answer to Mr. Lovejoy. In: Women in Human Evolution (L.D. Hager, ed.), Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 114–136.

Farber, S. 1977. The earnings and promotion of women faculty: Comment. American Economic Review 67(2): 199–206.

Farmer HS, Wardrop JL, and Rotella SC. 1999. Antecedent factors differentiating women and men in science/nonscience careers. Psychology of Women Quarterly 23(4): 763–780.

Farrell B. 1993. Women in science '93: A "female style"? (Letter to the editor). Science 261(5120): 410–411.

Fassinger RE, Scantlebury K, Richmond G. 2004. Career, family, and institutional variables in the work lives of academic women in the chemical sciences. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 10: 297–316.

Fassinger, R., J. Arseneau, J. Paquin, H. Walton and J. Giordan. 2007. It's Elemental: Enhancing Career Success for Women in the Chemical Industry. University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 68 pp. [available online: http://www.education.umd.edu/EDCP/enhance_site/It%27s%20Elemental.pdf]

Fausto-Sterling, A. 1981. Women and science. Women's Studies International Quarterly 4(1): 41–50. [explores 2 questions: why are there not more women in science and what would science be like if there were equal numbers of men and women?]

Fausto-Sterling, A. 1989. Society writes biology/ biology constructs gender. In: Learning about Women: Gender, Politics, and Power (J.K. Conway, S.C. Bourque and J.W. Scott, eds.), The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 61–76.

Fausto-Sterling, A. 1989. Life in the XY corral. Women's Studies International Forum 129(3): 319–331. [on the language used in biology and how gender assumptions have affected theories of developmental biology]

Fausto-Sterling, A. 1992. A question of genius: Are men really smarter than women? In: Myths of Gender: Biological Theories about Women and Men, Second Edition. BasicBooks, NY, pp. 13–60. [reprinted in The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 267-302]

Fausto-Sterling, A. 1992. Myths of Gender, Second Edition. Basic Books, NY, 310 pp. [using information from biology, genetics, psychology, and evolution, this book discusses modern beliefs of biologically based sex differences]

Fausto-Sterling A. 1993. The five sexes: Why male and female are not enough. The Sciences 33(2): 20–25.

Fausto-Sterling A. 2000. The five sexes, revisited. The Sciences 40(4): 18–23.

Fausto-Sterling, A. 2001. Life in the XY corral. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 234–251. [on the influence of social movements and ideas on concepts in developmental biology]

Fausto-Sterling, A. 2001. Gender, race, and nation: The comparative anatomy of "Hottentot" women in Europe, 1815–1817. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 343–366.

Fausto-Sterling, A. 2002. A question of genius: are men really smarter than women? In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kournay, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 267–302.

Federal Glass Ceiling Commission, Reich RB, chair. 1995. A solid investment: Making full use of the nation's human capital. Recommendations of the Federal Glass Ceiling Commission. United States Department of Labor, Washington, DC, 62 pp.

Federal Glass Ceiling Commission, Reich RB, chair. 1995. Good for business: Making full use of the nation's human capital. The environmental scan. A fact-finding report of the Federal Glass Ceiling Commission. United States Department of Labor, Washington, DC, 243 pp.

Fedigan, L.M. 1986. The changing role of women in models of human evolution. Annual Review of Anthropology 15: 25–66.

Fedigan, L.M. 1994. Science and the successful female: Why there are so many women primatologists. American Anthropologist 96(3): 529–540.

Fedigan, L.M. 2001. The paradox of feminist primatology: The goddess's discipline. In: Feminism in Twentieth-Century Science, Technology, and Medicine (A.N.H. Creager, E. Lunbeck and L. Schiebinger, eds.), The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp. 46–72.

Fee, E. 1981. Is feminism a threat to scientific objectivity? International Journal of Women's Studies 4(4): 378–392.

Fee, E. 1983. Women's nature and scientific objectivity. In: Woman's Nature: Rationalizations of Inequality (M. Lowe and R. Hubbard, eds.), Pergamon Press, NY, pp. 9–27.

Fehr, C. 2004. Feminism and science: mechanism without reductionism. NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): 136–156.

Feibelman, P.J. 1993. A Ph.D. is not enough! A guide to survival in science. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA, 109 pp.

Feinberg R. 1988. Margaret Mead and Samoa: Coming of Age in fact and fiction. American Anthropologist 90(3): 656–663.

Fennema, E. 1983. Success in mathematics. In: Sex Differentiation and Schooling (M. Marland, ed.), Heinemann Educational Books, London, UK, pp. 163–180.

Fennema, E. 1990. Justice, equity, and mathematics education. In: Mathematics and Gender (E. Fennema and G.C. Leder, eds.), Teachers College Press, Columbia University, New York, pp. 1–9.

Fennema, E. 1990. Teachers’ beliefs and gender differences in mathematics. In: Mathematics and Gender (E. Fennema and G.C. Leder, eds.), Teachers College Press, Columbia University, New York, pp. 169–187.

Fennema, E., and G.C. Leder, eds. 1990. Mathematics and Gender. Teachers College Press, Columbia University, New York, NY, 214 pp. [see individual papers under Fennema, Leder, and Leder and Fennema]

Ferber, M.A., and B. Kordick. 1978. Sex differentials in the earnings of Ph.D.s Industrial and Labor Relations Review 31(2): 227–238.

Ferber, M.A., J.W. Loeb and H.M. Lowry. 1978. The economic status of women faculty: A reappraisal. Journal of Human Resources 13(3): 385–401.

Ferron R. 1993. American Indian women in higher education: Common threads and diverse experiences. In: Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective (Glazer JS, Bensimon EM, Townsend BK, eds.), Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, pp. 355–361.

Ferry, G., and J. Moore. 1982. True confessions of women in science. New Scientist 95: 27–30. [A short survey of ∼500 women in science in Great Britain on their attitudes toward science and the attitudes of others towards them. Makes interesting reading considering it was 20+ years ago. See more recent articles on difficulties for women in science today in Britain.]

Fiedler, L.A. 1983. Images of the nurse in fiction and popular culture. Literature and Medicine 2: 79–90.

Fisher JL, Koch JV, McAdory AR. 2005. Entrepreneurial women. Inside Higher Ed 2005(July 15): 4 pp.

Fisher WA, Bryan A, Dervaitis KL, Silcox J, Kohn H. 2002. It ain't necessarily so: Most women do not strongly prefer female obstetrician-gynaecologists. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 24(11): 885–888.

Fiske, P. 1996. To boldly go… A practical career guide for scientists. American Geophysical Union, 188 pp.

Fiske, S.T. 1993. Controlling other people: The impact of power on stereotyping. American Psychologist 48(6): 621–628.

Fiske, S.T. 2004. Intent and ordinary bias: Unintended thought and social motivation create casual prejudice. Social Justice Research 17(2): 117–127.

Flam, F. 1994. Italy: Warm climate for women on the Mediterranean. Science 263: 1480-1481 [Women in Science '94, special section of Science magazine, ed. by J. Benditt].

Fleet CM, Rosser MFN, Zufall RA, Pratt MC, Feldman TS, and Lemons PP. 2006. Hiring criteria in biology departments of academic institutions. BioScience 56(5): 430–436.

Fodor K. 2005. Women on the rise. The Scientist 2005(Nov 21): 5 pp. [News article on the increase in women faculty in academia]

Fogg, P. 2003. The gap that won’t go away. The Chronicle of Higher Education 49(32): A12-A14. [“Women continue to lag behind men in pay; the reasons may have little to do with gender bias.”]

Fogg, P. 2005. Harvard's president wonders aloud about women in science and math. The Chronicle of Higher Education: The Faculty 51: A12. [On remarks made on the lack of women in science by the president of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, in January 2004; see full text of the speech under Summers, 2005]

Fogg, P. 2005. Female professors assail remarks by Harvard's president, who says it's all a misunderstanding. The Chronicle of Higher Education daily news online, Wednesday, January 19, 2005: http://chronicle.com/prm/daily/2005/01/2005011903n.htm, 2 pp.

Fogg P. 2005. Harvard offers more tenured jobs to women, reversing a trend that drew criticism to Summers. The Chronicle of Higher Education: Today's News (August 2): 1 pp. [http://chronicle.com/daily/2005/08/2005080201n.htm]

Fogg P. 2005. Princeton gives automatic tenure extension to new parents. The Chronicle of Higher Education: Today's News (August 19): 1 pp. [http://chronicle.com/daily/2005/08/2005081901n.htm]

Fogg, P. 2006. National Academies panel blames biases for women's underrepresentation in science and mathematics. The Chronicle of Higher Education: Today's News 2006(Sept. 19): 2 pp.

Foos, A., M.A. Holmes, and S. O'Connell. 2004. What does it take to get tenure? Geotimes 49(5): 38–39. [on women in geology in academia]

Forbes, N. 1996. Is there a feminine way of doing science? AWIS Magazine 25(5): 26–28.

Forbes, N. 2006. Women in the workplace: Supportive or competitive? AWIS Magazine (Association for Women in Science) 35(1): 13–16.

Fort, D.C., ed. 1995. A Hand Up: Women Mentoring Women in Science. The Association for Women in Science, Washington, DC, 352 pp.

Fort, D.C. 1997. Feminism's lessons for women in science: Sheila Tobias' wisdom from outside the field. JCST September/October: 53–55.

Fort, D.C., P. Kegel-Flom, eds., Didion CJ, Robinson A et al. 1995. Taking the Initiative: A Leadership Conference for Women in Science and Engineering. Conference report. Association for Women in Science, Washington, DC, 39 pp. [Conference held May 12-14, 1994, Washington, D.C.]

Fossey, D. 1970. Making friends with mountain gorillas. National Geographic Magazine 137(1): 48–67.

Fossey, D. 1983. Sexism among gorillas? Anthroquest 27: 3–6.

Foster, M.S. 1993. A question of jobs—the two-career couple. Bioscience 43(4): 237.

Foster, M.S. 1993. A spouse employment program. Bioscience 43(4): 241–242.

Fowler CMR. 1995. Flexible university faculty positions. Geoscience Canada 21(3): 137–139.

Fox, K. 1993. Minority networks forge bonds in chemistry. Science 262: 1125. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Fox, K. 1993. A guide to minority aid from scientific societies. Science 262: 1134. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Fox, M.F. 1991. Gender, environmental milieu, and productivity in science. In: The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community (H. Zuckerman, J.R. Cole and J.R. Bruer, eds.), W.W. Norton & Company, NY, pp. 188–204.

Fox MF. 1998. Women in science and engineering: Theory, practice, and policy in programs. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 24(1): 201–223.

Fox, M.F. 1999. Gender, knowledge, and scientific styles. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 89–93. [papers from a conference held in 1998]

Fox MF. 2000. Organizational environments and doctoral degrees awarded to women in science and engineering departments. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 47–61.

Fox, R., and A. Guagnini. 1987. Classical values and useful knowledge: The problem of access to technical careers in modern Europe. Daedulus 116(4): 153–171. [on education and employment for women in science in early nineteenth century Europe]

Frank, E., M. Brownstein, K. Ephgrave and L. Neumayer. 1998. Characteristics of women surgeons in the United States. The American Journal of Surgery 176: 244–250.

Frank, E., J.E. McMurray, M. Linzer and L. Elon. 1999. Career satisfaction of US women physicians. Archives of Internal Medicine 159(13): 1417–1426.

Franke, N.V. 1997. African American women’s health: The effects of disease and chronic life stressors. In: Women’s Health: Complexities and Differences (S.B. Ruzek, V.L. Olesen, and A.E. Clarke, eds.), Ohio State University Press, Columbus, OH, pp. 353–379.

Franz, J. 1999. Women as valued members of the scientific community. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 226–235. [papers from a conference held in 1998]

Frayling C. 2005. Curse of the scientist! New Scientist 187(2518): 48–50. [on the portrayal of scientists in Hollywood. The stereotype has changed from that of the mad scientist to that of the maverick, who is outside the science mainstream.]

Frazzetto G. 2004. The changing identity of the scientist. EMBO Reports 5(1): 18–20.

Freckman, D.W. 1989. The scientist shortage and the gender gap. Bioscience 39(8): 523.

Freeman D. 1999. Concerning the review of The Fateful Hoaxing of Margaret Mead by Derek Freeman—Letter to the editor. Pacific Affairs 72(2): 263–265. [Letter on review by Coté of Freeman’s book]

Freeman D. 1999. Margaret Mead in Samoa. Science 285(5424): 50.

Freeman D. 2000. Margaret Mead's Coming of Age in Samoa and Boasian culturalism. Politics and the Life Sciences 19(1): 101–103. [Derek Freeman proposed that Margaret Mead, an early anthropologist, had been hoaxed by villagers when she did the research for her seminal work, Coming of Age in Samoa]

Freeman D. 2000. Was Margaret Mead misled or did she mislead on Samoa?. Current Anthropology 41(4): 609–622.

French, J.A. 1993. A demographic analysis of the membership of the American Society of Primatologists: 1992. American Journal of Primatology 29: 159–165.

Frey, C. 2006. Moms in academia: Will it be faculty or family?. Seattle Post-Intelligencer 2006(Oct. 28): A1. [on balancing work and family]

Fried, B. 1979. Boys will be boys will be boys: The language of sex and gender. In: Women Look at Biology Looking at Women: A Collection of Feminist Critiques (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), G. K. Hall & Co., Boston, MA, pp. 31–59.

Fried, B. 1982. Boys will be boys will be boys: The language of sex and gender. In: Biological Woman—The Convenient Myth: A Collection of Feminist Essays and a Comprehensive Bibliography (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), Schenkman Publishing Co. Inc., Cambridge, MA, pp. 47–70.

Fried LP, Francomano CA, MacDonald SM, Wagner EM, Stokes EJ, Carbone KM, Bias WB, Newman MM, Stobo JD. 1996. Career development for women in academic medicine: Multiple interventions in a department of medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) 276(11): 898–905.

Friend, C. 1999. What promotes the development of women scientists in academia? Introductory remarks. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 207–209. [papers from a conference held in 1998]

Friesen HG. 1998. Equal opportunities in Canada. Nature 391: 326.

Frieze, I.H., and B.H. Hanusa. 1984. Women scientists: Overcoming barriers. In: Women in Science (special issue) (M.W. Steinkamp, M.L. Maehr, eds.), Advances in Motivation and Achievement 2: 139–163.

Frome, P.M., C.J. Alfeld, J.S. Eccles and B.L. Barber. 2006. Why don't they want a male-dominated job? An investigation of young women who changed their occupational aspirations. Educational Research and Evaluation 12(4): 359–372.

Fuchs S, von Stebut J, Allmendinger J. 2001. Gender, science, and scientific organizations in Germany. Minerva 39(2): 175–201. [Special issue, ‘Women in science: International perspectives,’ ed. by H. Etzkowitz H, and C. Kemelgor]

Fuehrer A, Schilling KM. 1985. The values of academe: Sexism as a natural consequence. Journal of Social Issues 41(4): 29–42.

Fussman, C. 1990. A long way from home. Life 13(3): 54–61.

Gaddy, C.D., and E.L. Babco. 1996. Update on women in science and emerging opportunities for scientists. AWIS Magazine 25(3): 23–25. [lots of statistics on women and minorities; expanding opportunities]

Gains, P. 2002. Title IX at 30. Making the grade? AAUW Outlook 96(1): 10-12, 42.

Gallant MJ, Cross JE. 1993. Wayward puritans in the ivory tower: Collective aspects of gender discrimination in academia. The Sociological Quarterly 34(2): 237–256.

Galloway D, Linial M, and Zakian V. 1992. Women in science: the response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1614.

Gamble, V.N., and B.E. Blustein. 1994. Racial differentials in medical care: Implications for research on women. In: Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies, Volume 2 - Workshop and Commissioned Papers (Mastroianni, A.C., R. Faden and D. Federman, eds.), National Academy Press, Washington, DC pp. 174–191.

Gammie, F. 1994. Report confirms obstacles to women scientists. Nature 367(6465): 675.

Gander, J.P. 1999. Faculty gender effects on academic research and teaching. Research in Higher Education 40(2): 171–184. [looks at research and teaching productivity in faculty at 523 four-year plus institutions of higher education]

Gannon F. 2001. Decision or discrimination; the female deficit in the life sciences. EMBO Reports 2(8): 641.

Gannon F. 2002. Biological research in Japan and Asia. EMBO Reports 2(7): 549–551.

Gannon F, Quirk S, Guest S. 2001. Searching for discrimination. EMBO Reports 2(8): 655–657. [An analysis of the European Molecular Biology Organization fellowships to try to understand why women’s success rate is only half that of men applicants.]

Gavaghan, H. 1997. "Invasion of dragons" needed. Nature 390: 203–204.

Garelik, G. 2000. Report urges scientists to recruit, retain more women and minorities. BioScience 50(11): 962 [on the report released by the congressionally created Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering, and Technology (CAWMSET). See the full report at www.nsf.gov/od/cawmset/start.htm]

Garcia-Moreno, C., and T. Türmen. 1995. International perspectives on women's reproductive health. Science 269: 790-792 (Filed with Hurtley and Benditt, 1995) [special issue on women's health]

Garcia-Moreno C, Heise L, Jansen HAFM, Ellsberg M, and Watts C. 2005. Violence against women. Science 310: 1282–1283. [a worldwide report on violence against women]

Garty SE, Colson YL, Garvey LS, Schuchert VD, Schwentker A, Tzeng E, Corcoran NA, Simmons RL, Webster MW, Billiar TR. 2002. Maternity policy and practice during surgery residency: How we do it. Surgery 132: 682–688.

Gavaghan, H. 2000. Making moves to redress the gender imbalance. Nature 405(6787): 715-176 [special section of Nature on women in science].

Gavaghan, H. 2000. New UK legislation aids fight against discrimination. Nature 405(6787): 716-717 [special section of Nature on women in science].

Geary DC. 1995. Sexual selection and sex differences in spatial cognition. Learning and Individual Differences 7(4): 289–301.

Geary DC. 1999. Sex differences in mathematical abilities: Commentary on the math-fact retrieval hypothesis. Contemporary Educational Psychology 24: 267–274.

Geary DC, Saults SJ, Liu Fan, and Hoard MK. 2000. Sex differences in spatial cognition, computational fluency, and arithmetical reasoning. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 77: 337–353.

Geary DC, DeSoto MC. 2001. Sex differences in spatial abilities among adults from the United States and China. Evolution and Cognition 7(2): 172–177.

Geary DC, Vigil J, and Byrd-Craven J. 2004. Evolution of human mate choice. Journal of Sex Research 41(1): 27–42.

Gee, E.G. 1991. The dual-career couple: a growing challenge. The Educational Record 72(1): 45–47.

Geiger HJ. 2001. Racial stereotyping and medicine: The need for cultural competence. Canadian Medical Association Journal 164(12): 1699–1700.

General Accounting Office (GAO). 2001. Women in management: Analysis of selected data from the current population survey. U.S. General Accounting Office, Report to Congressional Requesters, GAO-02-156: 1–23. [see analysis under Dingell and Maloney, 2002]

General Accounting Office (GAO). 2004. Gender Issues: Women’s participation in the sciences has increasd, but agencies need to do more to ensure compliance with Title IX. U.S. General Accounting Office, Report to Congressional Requesters, GAO-04-639: 1–55. [available from: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04639.pdf ]

Genoways HH, and Freeman PW. 1997. Twenty-five years of the Shadle Fellowship. Journal of Mammalogy 78(2): 336–341. [Over 25 years, the Shadle Fellowship, of the American Society of Mammalogists, has been given to 20 men and 6 women]

George, Y.S. 1979. The status of black women in science. The Black Collegian 9: 64, 68-71, 114.

George, Y.S. 2003. Gender, higher education, and science and engineering research reforms in Sweden. AWIS Magazine 32(4): 19–22.

Geppert, A.C.T. 1998. Divine sex, happy marriage, regenerated nation: Marie Stopes's marital manual Married Love and the making of a best seller, 1918–1955. Journal of the History of Sexuality 8: 389–433. [Marie Stopes was a paleobotanist and opened the first family planning clinic in Great Britain.]

Germain, A. 2004. Playing politics with women's lives. Science 305: 17 [editorial on women's reproductive rights and the FDA’s decision in 2004 to not allow sales of Plan-B contraceptives over the counter]

Gerolimatos, B., and M.L. Worthing. 1999. Models of success and satisfaction: An interactive, intergenerational discussion. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 133–139. [papers from a conference held in 1998]

Gewin, V. 2003. A plea for diversity. Nature 422: 368-369 [on Joan Roughgarden, a theoretical ecologist from Stanford University, who studies evolutionary aspects of sex and gender. Dr. Roughgarden challenges the "male" view of animal mating patterns. She underwent a sex-change operation to become a female in the middle of her scientific career.]

Gewin V. 2005. Learning to mentor. Nature 436: 436–437.

Gewin V. 2005. Small steps towards campus child care. Nature 437(7057): 446–447. [see Letters to the Editor in response to this article by: Hötzel 2006 and Zuk and Rosenqvist 2005]

Giangrego E. 1988. AAWD: A voice for women in dentistry. Journal of the American Dental Association 117: 441–445.

Gibbons, A. 1992. Key issue: mentoring. Science 255: 1368 ["Women have trouble finding senior scientists to guide them toward career success."]

Gibbons, A. 1992. Key issue: Two-career science marriage. Science 255: 1380–1381. (filed with Benditt, 1992). Gibbons, A. 1992. Key issue: Tenure. Does the old-boy network keep women from leaping over this crucial career hurdle? Science 255: 1386.

Gibbons, A. 1992. Minority programs that get high marks. Science 258: 1190–1196. [Part of a special issue on women and minorities edited by E. Culotta and A. Gibbons.]

Gibbons, A. 1993. What works: Reaching critical mass in graduate school. Science 262: 1092. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Gibbons, A. 1993. What works: Building a global lab. Science 262: 1111. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Gibbons, A. 1993. White men can mentor: Help from the majority. Science 262: 1130-1131, 1134. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Gibbons, A. 1996. Facing the big chill in science. Science 271: 1902-1905 ["A hostile economic and political climate threatens women and minorities in science, but new strategies for survival are emerging." Part of a special issue on women and minorities edited by E. Culotta]

Giele, J.Z., ed. 1982. Women in the Middle Years: Current Knowledge and Directions for Research and Policy. Sponsored by the Social Science Research Council. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 283 pp.

Giele, J.Z. 1982. Women’s work and family roles. In: Women in the Middle Years: Current Knowledge and Directions for Research and Policy (sponsored by the Social Science Research Council; J.Z. Giele, ed.), John Wiley, New York, NY, pp. 115–150.

Gilbert, S.F., and K.A. Rader. 2001. Revisiting women, gender, and feminism in developmental biology. In: Feminism in Twentieth-Century Science, Technology, and Medicine (A.N.H. Creager, E. Lunbeck and L. Schiebinger, eds.), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp. 73–97. [a recent history of women in developmental biology and their effect on the field]

Gilligan, C. 1982. In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 184 pp.

Gillison, G. 1980. Images of nature in Gimi thought. In: Nature, Culture and Gender, MacCormack CP, Strathern M, eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 143–173. [on the ideas of male and female in the Gimi people in Papua New Guinea]

Ginorio, A.B. 1995. Warming the Climate for Women in Academic Science. Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U), Washington, DC., 38 pp.

Ginorio AB, Marshall T, Breckenridge L. 2000. The feminist and the scientist: One and the same. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 271–295.

Ginsburg, F.D., and R. Rayna, eds. 1995. Conceiving the New World Order: The Global Politics of Reproduction. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 450 pp.

Ginther, D.K. 2000. Alternative estimates of the effect of schooling on earnings. Review of Economics and Statistics 82(1): 103–116.

Ginther, D.K. 2001. Does science discriminate again women? Evidence from academia, 1973–1997.

Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Working Paper Series 2001-02, 26 pp., available from: (http://www.frbatlanta.org/publica/work_papers/index.html) Ginther, D.K. 2003. Is MIT an exception? Gender pay differences in academic science. Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 23(1): 21–26.

Ginther, D.K. 2004. Why women earn less: Economic explanations for the gender salary gap in science. AWIS Magazine 33(1): 6–10. [Dr. Ginther is a faculty member in economics at KU.]

Ginther, D.K, and K.J. Hayes. 2003. Gender differences in salary and promotion for faculty in the humanities 1977–95. Journal of Human Resources 38(1): 34–73.

Ginther, D.K., and S. Kahn. 2006. Does science promote women? Evidence from academia 1973–2001. NBER Working Papers W12691: 1–42.

Gish, K. 1999. Breast cancer: Surveying half the human genome with transcription profiling for better diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. AWIS Magazine 28(3): 7–10.

Gjerberg E. 2003. Women doctors in Norway: The challenging balance between career and family life. Social Science and Medicine 57: 1327–1341.

Gjerberg, E. 2003. Leger i par (Dual-doctor marriages). Tidsskrift for Den Norske Lœgeforening 123(16): 2300–2303. [in Norwegian with English summary]

Gjerberg E, Kjølsrød L. 2001. The doctor-nurse relationship: How easy is it to be a female doctor co- operating with a female nurse?. Social Science and Medicine 52: 189–202.

Glazer, P.M., and M. Slater. 1986. Unequal Colleagues: The Entrance of Women into the Professions, 1890–1940. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ [excerpts: Chapter 3 - Motherhood and medicine, pp. 69-117, and Chapter 4 - The promise of new opportunities in science, pp. 119–163.]

Glazer-Raymo, J. 1999. Shattering the Myths: Women in Academe. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, 237 pp.

Glazer-Raymo J. 2003. Women faculty and part-time employment: The impact of public policy. In: Gendered Futures in Higher Education: Critical Perspectives for Change, Ropers-Huilman B, eds., State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, pp. 97–109.

Glenn, B.P. 1996. The role of mentors for women in animal sciences: perspectives from government. Journal of Animal Science 74: 2855–2859.

Glick P, Zion C, Nelson C. 1988. What mediates sex discrimination in hiring decisions?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55(2): 178–186.

Globe and Mail (news article). 1999. Women and jobs in fighting forest fires. The Forestry Chronicle 75(2): 194.

Gneezy U, Niederle M, Rustichini A. 2003. Performance in competitive environments: gender differences. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 118(3): 1049–1074.

Godbole RM. 1999. Women in science (Letter to the editor). Current Science 77(12): 1567. [on women in mathematics]

Goffman, E. 1979. Gender advertisements. Harper and Row, NY. Gold, C.M. 2002. Questions to ask when thinking about pursuing a Ph.D. Gaea (Newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists) 25(4): 12–16.

Gold, K. 1990. Get thee to a laboratory. New Scientist 126(1712): 42–46. [discusses stereotype of "mad" male professor and other discouragements to women in science]

Goldberg, C. 1999. M.I.T. issues report acknowledging sex discrimination. N.Y. Times, March 23, 1999. [see also news articles by Holden, 1999. and Miller and Wilson, 1999 and report by Hopkins and Potter, 1999]

Goldberg, P. 1999. Creeping toward inclusivity in science. Executive summary. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 7–15. [papers from a conference held in 1998] Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 7-15 [This report summarizes presentations given and discussions held at the "Choices and Successes: Women in Science and Engineering" conference sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences, 12-13 March 1998. The full proceedings are published as vol. 869 of the Annals of the NY Academy of Sciences, C.C. Selby, ed.]

Goldberg, P. 2002. Creeping toward inclusivity in science. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 79–85.

Goldin, C. 2004. The long road to the fast track: Career and family. In: Mommies and Daddies on the Fast Track: Success of Parents in Demanding Professions (J.A. Jacobs and J.F. Madden, eds.), Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 596: 20–35.

Goldin, C., and C. Rouse. 2000. Orchestrating impartiality: The impact of "blind" auditions on female musicians. The American Economic Review 90(4): 715–741.

Goodall, Jane, 1971. In the Shadow of Man. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA, 297 pp. [with photos by Hugo van Lawick]

Goodall, J. 1986. The Chimpanzees of Gombé: Patterns of Behavior. Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA, 673 pp.

Goodall, J. 2000. Africa in my Blood: an Autobiography in Letters—the Early Years (edited by Dale Peterson). Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, 386 pp.

Goodall, J. 2001. Beyond Innocence: an Autobiography in Letters—the Later Years (edited by Dale Peterson). Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, 418 pp.

Goodall, J. 2003. Fifi fights back. National Geographic 203(4): 76-89 [an update on the chimpanzees in Gombé National Park, Tanzania, which Dr. Goodall began studying 40 years before and problems with conservation of these endangered animals].

Goodchild, F.M. 2004. The pipeline: Still leaking. American Scientist 92(2): 112–114.

Goodman, M.J., and L.E. Goodman. 1981. Is there a feminist biology? International Journal of Women's Studies 4(4): 393–413.

Goodman, S. 2003. Europe is pushing women scientists into industry and academia, but can the commission legislate for gender equality? Nature 426: 210–211.

Goodwin, J.W. 1996–1997. A kind of botanic mania. Arnoldia 56(4): 17–24.

Gordon, N.M., T.E. Morton and I.C. Braden. 1974. Faculty salaries: Is there discrimination by sex, race, and discipline? American Economic Review 64(3): 419–427.

Gornick, V. 2002. Women in science: half in, half out. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 39–60.

Götzfried, A. 2004. Women, science and technology: Measuring recent progress towards gender equality. In: Statistics in Focus, Science and Technology, Theme 9, 6/2004, Eurostat, European Commission, pp. 1–6. available: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/science-society/women/wssi/publications_en.html [a report on women’s progress in science in the European Commission countries]

Gowaty, P., editor. 1997. Feminism and Evolutionary Biology: Boundaries, Intersections, and Frontiers. Chapman and Hall, New York, 623 p. (see individuals papers under Holmes and Hitchcock, Rosser, Schuster and Wade, Sork, Waage and Gowaty, and Zuk) Grace, M. 2001. Opportunities for women. British Dental Journal 191(7): 353. [a report of a study in Britain examining the place of women in dentistry in the country]

Graduate Employees and Students Organization (GESO) of Yale. 2005. The (un)changing face of the Ivy League, on-line: http://yaleunions.org/geso/reports/Ivy.pdf, 13 pp.

Graham, D.L. 1994. Teaching and extension—career paths and interactions. Agricultural Education Magazine 66(11): 8–9.

Granrose, C.S. and E.E. Kaplan. 1996. Work-family role choices for women in their 20's and 30's: From college plans to life experiences. Praeger Publishers, CT, 196 pp.

Grant, J., S. Burden and G. Breen. 1997. No evidence of sexism in peer review. Nature 390: 438. [a response to the study of Wennerås and Wold, 1997 on sexism in peer review in Sweden. Using the same analysis techniques as W & Wold, these authors studied applications to the Wellcome Trust and the UK Medical Research Council. Unlike the W & Wold study, they found no evidence of discrimination on the basis of gender in these competitions.]

Grant CS. 2006. Mentoring. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 85–106.

Grant, L. 1995. The smarter sex? World Press Review 42(1): 45.

Grant, L., and K.B. Ward. 2000. Promise and limits of mentoring in academic science: A look at research on impact and effectiveness. AWIS Magazine 29(1): 6–9.

Grant L, Kennelly I, Ward KB. 2000. Revisiting the gender, marriage, and parenthood puzzle in scientific careers. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 62–85.

Grasso, D. 2004. Engineering and the human spirit. American Scientist 92: 206–208. [on the first classes in engineering taught at Smith College, and on the numbers of women in engineering in the U.S.]

Gray J. 1998. Mentoring the young clinician-scientist. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 21(6): 279–282.

Gray LP. 2006. Working toward motherhood. The Chronicle of Higher Education: Chronicle Careers 2006(Feb. 14): 3 pp. [available on-line: http://chronicle.com/jobs/news/2006/02/2006021401c/careers.html]

Greenberger MD, Vogelstein R. 2005. Pharmacist refusals: A threat to women's health. Science 308: 1557–1559.

Greenfield, S. 2002. Still hard to be a woman. New Scientist 176(2371): 23 [Dr. Greenfield led a committee that investigated sexism in scientific institutions in Great Britain.].

Greenhaus, J.H., and S. Parasuraman. 1993. Job performance attributions and career advancement prospects: An examination of gender and race effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 55(2): 273–297.

Gregson S, Garnett GP, Nyamukapa CA, Hallett TB, Lewis JJC, Mason PR, Chandiwana SK, Anderson RM. 2006. HIV decline associated with behavior change in eastern Zimbabwe. Science 311: 664–666.

Griffiths, P.A., and the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, National Academy of Sciences. 1997. Adviser, Teacher, Role Model, Friend: On Being a Mentor to Students in Science and Engineering. Natoinal Academy Press, Washington, DC, 84 pp.

Grillo J. 2004. Women's work. Georgia Trend 20(4): 28–33. [profiles of three women and their careers; one is in dentistry and one in veterinary medicine]

Grimm D. 2005. Suggesting or excluding reviewers can help get your paper published. Science 310: 1974.

Gropp,

R.E. 2000. Making science more accessible to people with disabilities. BioScience 50(6): 475 [editorial on how to begin to include more people with disabilities in science].

Gropp,

R.E. 2006. National Academy of Sciences issues gender equity plan. BioScience 56(11): 888.

Grossman, M., and P. Bart. 1982. Taking the men out of menopause. In: Biological Woman—The Convenient Myth: A Collection of Feminist Essays and a Comprehensive Bibliography (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), Schenkman Publishing Co. Inc., Cambridge, MA, pp. 185-206 Grossman, M. 1994. The environmental movement. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA. Grove JW. 1989. Nonsense and good sense about women in science . Minerva 27(4): 535–546.

Guelich JM, Singer BH, Castro MC, Rosenberg LE. 2002. A gender gap in the next generation of physician- scientists: Medical student interest and participation in research. Journal of Investigative Medicine 50(6): 412–418.

Guimond, S., and L. Roussel. 2001. Bragging about one's school grades: Gender stereotyping and students' perception of their abilities in science, mathematics, and language. Social Psychology of Education 4: 275–293.

Gunter, R., and A. Stanbach. 2003. As balancing act and as game: how women and men science faculty experience the promotion process. Gender Issues 21: 24–42.

Gunter, R., and A. Stamback. 2005. Differences in men and women scientists' perceptions of workplace climate. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 11(1): 97–116.

Gura, T. 1995. Estrogen: Key player in heart disease among women. Science 269: 771–773. (Filed with Hurtley and Benditt, 1995) [special issue on women's health]

Haas, V.B., and C.C. Perrucci, eds. 1984. Women in Scientific and Engineering Professions. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, 243 pp.

Haasanein, N. 1997. Networking knowledge in the sustainable agriculture movement: Some implications of the gender dimension. Society and Natural Resources 10: 251–257.

Haberfeld, V., and Y. Shenhav. 1990. Are women and blacks closing the gap? Salary discrimination in American science during the 1970s and 1980s. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 44(1): 68–82.

Hacker, S.L. 1990. Farming out the home: Women and agribusiness. In: "Doing it the Hard Way": Investigations of Gender and Technology (D.E. Smith and S.M. Turner, eds.), Unwin Hyman, Boston, MA, pp. 69–88.

Hager, L.D. 1997. Women in Human Evolution. Routledge, New York, NY, 214 pp. [see individual papers under Hager, Zihlman, Falk, and Sperling and Beyene].

Hager, L.D. 1997. Sex and gender in paleoanthropology. In: Women in Human Evolution (L.D. Hager, ed.), Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 1–28.

Haggard C. 2006. When your advisor stops advising. AWIS Magazine 35(1): 31–32.

Hagmann, M. 1999. EU confronts the gender gap. Science 286: 1659 [short article on the numbers of women in various countries in the European Union]

Haier RJ, Jung RE, Yeo Ronald A, Head K, and Alkire MT. 2005. The neuroanatomy of general intelligence: Sex matters. NeuroImage 25(1): 320–327.

Halpern DF, and LaMay ML. 2000. The smarter sex: A critical review of sex differences in intelligence. Educational Psychology Review 12(2): 229–246.

Halim, N.S. 1999. More rewards could bolster retention of women scientists. The Scientist 12(23): 1, 9. [ women need to be nominated for more prestigious prizes in science]

Hall, E., and K. Leutwyler. 1998. Women in science: A status report. Scientific American special web report online, April 27, 1998. http://www.sciam.com/explorations/1998/051898women.html Hall JA, Roter DL. 2002. Do patients talk differently to male and female physicians? A meta-analytic review. Patient Education and Counseling 48: 217–224.

Hall, R.M. and B.R. Sandler. 1982. The Classroom Climate: A Chilly One for Women? Project on the Status and Education of Women, Association of American Colleges, Washington, DC, 22 pp.

Hall, R.M., and B.R. Sandler. 1983. Academic mentoring for women students and faculty: A new look at an old way to get ahead. Project on the Status and Education of Women, Association of American Colleges, 16 pp.

Hall, R.M. and B.R. Sandler. 1984. Out of the Classroom: A Chilly Climate for Women? Project on the Status and Education of Women, Association of American Colleges, Washington, DC, 20 pp.

Halpern BJ. 1997. Women's work. Mining Voice 3(4): 43–48. [on women in the mining industry]

Halpern, D.F. 1997. Sex differences in intelligence: Implications for education. American Psychologist 52(10): 1091–1102.

Ham, B. 2007. Arab, U.S. women scientists build network at landmark Kuwait forum. Science 315: 1090–1091.

Hamerton JL, Chudley AE. 1999. In memoriam - Phyllis Jean McAlpine, Ph.D., F.C.C.M.G. (1942-1998). Genome 42(2): iii-iv. [Dr. McAlpine was a Canadian geneticist]

Hamilton W.A., and P.R. Hamilton. 1980. Sex and the dental practice: a reinterpretation of the history of dental hygienists. Bulletin of the History of Dentistry 28: 64–68.

Hamovitch, W., and R.D. Morgenstern. 1977. Children and the productivity of academic women. Journal of Higher Education 48(6): 633–645.

Hancock KG. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1612.

Handelsman, J., N. Cantor, M. Carnes, D. Denton, E. Fine, B. Grosz, V. Hinshaw, C. Marrett, S. Rosser, D. Shalala, and J. Sheridan. 2005. More women in science. Science 309: 1190–1191. [a summary of the major issues we face today in increasing the numbers of women in science, including information on the NSF ADVANCE program]

Hanson, S., and G. Pratt. 1990. Geographic perspectives on the occupational segregation of women. National Geographic Research 6(4): 376–399. [study done in Worster, MA in 1984. Women earned 62 cents for every $1 men earned. Occupational sex segregation: explanations, geographic factors. Not only about science, but applies to women in the work force, including scientists.]

Hanson, S.L. 1996. Gender, family resources, and success in science. Journal of Family Issues 17(1): 83–113.

Hanson, S.L. 2004. African American women in science: Experiences from high school through the post-secondary years and beyond. NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): 96–115.

Hanson, S.L. 2008. Swimming Against the Tide: African American Girls and Science Education. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA, 208 pp.

Haraway, D. 1989. Primate Visions: Gender, Race and Nature in the World of Modern Science. Routledge, New York, NY, 496 pp. [a history of primatology from the beginning of the century to modern times, including chapters on Jeanne Altmann (“Time-energy budgets of dual career mothering”), Linda M. Fedigan (“Models for intervention”), Adrienne Zihlman (“The paleoanthropology of sex and gender”) and Sarah Blaffer Hrdy (“Investment strategies for the evolving portfolio of primate females.”]

Haraway, D. 1991. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. Free Association Books, London, UK, 287 pp. [10 essays reprinted mostly from the 1980's; includes a history of theories in primatology and how gender issues have influenced primatologists and their theories]

Haraway, D. 2000. Morphing in the order: Flexible strategies, feminist science studies, and primate revisions. In: Primate Encounters: Models of Science, Gender, and Society (S.C. Strum and L.M. Fedigan, eds.), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp. 398–420.

Haraway, D. 2001. The biopolitics of a multicultural field. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 254–271. [on early primate studies in Japan, and the cultural and social background in which the science was completed]

Haraway, D. 2002. Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 361–371.

Harding, S. 1982. Is gender a variable in conceptions of rationality? A survey of issues. Dialectica 36(2-3): 225–242. [a discussion of our prevailing Western concepts of rationality and how that affects our reconstruction of the history of science, i.e., does it exclude women and minorities?]

Harding, J. 1986. The making of a scientist? In: Perspectives on Gender and Science (J. Harding, ed.), The Falmer Press, London, pp. 159–167.

Harding, S., ed. 1986. Perspectives on Gender and Science. The Falmer Press, London, 217 p. [see individual papers under Easlea; Harding; Keller; Walton]

Harding, S. 1986. The Science Question in Feminism. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 271 pp.

Harding, S.G. 1991. Whose science? Whose knowledge? Thinking from women's lives. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 319 pp.

Harding S. 1997. Women's standpoints on nature: What makes them possible? In: Women, Gender and Science: New Directions (Kohlstedt SG, Longino HE, eds.), Osiris 12: 186–200.

Harding, S. 1998. Is Science Multicultural? Postcolonialisms, Feminisms, and Epistemologies. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 242 pp.

Harding, S. 2001. Is science multicultural? Challenges, resources, opportunities, uncertainties. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 189–212.

Harding, S. 2002. Strong objectivity”: A response to the new objectivity question. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 340–353. [reprinted from Synthese 104(3): 332, 349, 1995]

Harding, S. 2002. Women of third world descent in the sciences. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 34–38.

Harnisch, D.L. 1984. Females and mathematics: A cross-national perspective. In: Women in Science (special issue) (M.W. Steinkamp, M.L. Maehr, eds.), Advances in Motivation and Achievement 2: 73–91.

Harris, B.J., T.R. Rhoads, S.E. Walden, T.J. Murphy, R. Meissler, and A. Reynolds. 2004. Gender equity in industrial engineering: a pilot study. NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): 186–193.

Harris, H. 1995. The Clare Boothe Luce Program for women in science at Creighton University. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 98–110.

Harrison, B. 1981. Women's health and the women's movement in Britain: 1840–1940. In: Biology, Medicine and Society 1840-1940 ©. Webster, ed.), Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 15–71.

Harrison, L. 2002. The joys and struggles of women of color in academia. Science Next Wave 15 February 2002, 3 pps. [http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/02/12/10].

Hart H. 1999. Women in science (letter to the editor). Chemical and Engineering News 77(50): 4. [anecdotes about the chemist, Fischer and Lise Meitner. Meitner was a nuclear physicist who was one of the discoverers of fission.]

Hartford, M.A. 2005. Are women's colleges still relevant in today's society? AScribe: The Public Interest Newswire, on-line March 24, 2005, www.ascribe.org, 3 pp.

Hartline, B.K. 1999. Promoting success in the Deparment of Energy. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 200–203. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Hartmann, H. 2004. Policy alternatives for solving work-family conflict. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 596: 226–231. Special issue, "Mommies and Daddies on the Fast Track: Success of Parents in Demanding Professions," (J.A. Jacobs and J.F. Madden, eds.)

Hartmann, H., O. Sorokina O and E. Williams. 2006. The best and worst state economies for women. Institute for Women's Policy Research Briefing Papers R334: 1–28.

Haseltine, F.P., and B.G. Jacobson, eds. 1997. Women’s Health Research: A Medical and Policy Primer. Health Press International, Washington, DC, 364 pp. [see individual papers under Johnson and Fee, Ramey, Haseltine, Merkatz and Summers, and Primmer. Also includes chapters on diseases that affect women.]

Haseltine, F.P. 1997. Formula for change: Examining the glass ceiling. In: Women’s Health Research: A Medical and Policy Primer (F.P. Haseltine and B.G. Jacobson, eds.). Health Press International, Washington, DC, pp. 225–229.

Hassan, F. 2000. Islamic women in science. Science 290: 55–56.

Hatala, R., S. Epstein, and S.R. Pendharkar. 2003. Medical women in academia: Silenced by the system. Canadian Medical Association Journal 168(5): 542, 544. [Three letters to the editor in response to article by A. Palepu and C.P. Herbert, 2003 (see). Also includes a response from Palepu and Herbert.]

Hauck, C. 1997. Through a Glass Darkly: "A Game of Chess" and Two Plays by Marie Stopes. Journal of Modern Literature 21: 109–119. [Marie Stopes was a paleobotanist and opened the first family planning clinic in Great Britain.]

Hausfater G., and S.F. Hrdy, eds. 1984. Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives. Aldine Publishing Co., New York, NY, 598 pp.

Hawkes, K. 2004. The grandmother effect. Nature 428: 128–129. ["Why do women live long past the age of child-bearing? Contrary to common wisdom, this phenomenon is not new, and is not due to support for the elderly. Rather, grannies have a lot to offer their grandchildren."]

Hawkins, B.D. 1993. Blending blackness with the feminist agenda. Black Issues in Higher Education 10(13- 14): 13–14.

Haworth, K. 1998. Mentor programs provide support via e-mail to women studying science. The Chronicle of Higher Education 44(32): A29 (17 April 1998).

Hayes, D.W. 1993. Making inroads: Women in science and technical research: Environmental change slow and difficult. Black Issues in Higher Education, October 21, 1993 (vol?issue?): 34–38.

Headen, A.E., Jr., and S.W. Headen. 1985. General health conditions and medical insurance issues concerning black women. Review of Black Political Economy 14: 183–197.

Healy, B. 1991. Women's health, public welfare. Journal of the American Medical Association 266(4): 566–568.

Healy B. 1992. Women in science: From panes to ceilings (editorial). Science 255: 1333 [First annual special section of Science on women in science]

Healy, B. 1995. A New Prescription for Women's Health: Getting the Best Care in a Man's World. Viking, NY, 546 pp. [Dr. Bernadine Healy was the first woman to direct the National Insititutes of Health and largely responsible for ensuring inclusion of women in clinical trials. In this book, she discusses women's health issues most likely to affect their lives, including reproduction, sexually transmitted diseases, menopause, cancer, depression, heart disease, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer's.]

Healy, P.D., and S. Rimer. 2005. Amid uproar, Harvard's president ponders his style. The New York Times, February 26, 2005, p. A1. [On remarks made on the lack of women in science by the president of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, in January 2004; see full text of the speech under Summers, 2005]

Hedges, L.V. and A. Nowell. 1995. Sex differences in mental test scores, variability, and numbers of high- scoring individuals. Science 269: 41–45.

Heiligers PJM, Hingstman L. 2000. Career preferences and the work-family balance in medicine: Gender differences among medical specialists. Social Science and Medicine 50: 1235–1246.

Heilman, M.E. 1980. The impact of situational factors on personnel decisions concerning women: Varying the sex composition of the applicant pool. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 26(3): 386–395.

Heilman, M.E., A.S. Wallen, D. Fuchs and M.M. Tamkins. 2004. Penalties for success: Reactions to women who succeed at male gender-typed tasks. Journal of Applied Psychology 89(3): 416-427 Hein, H. 1981. Women and science: Fitting men to think about nature. International Journal of Women's Studies 4(4): 369–377.

Helmuth, L. 2000. Reports see progress, problems, in trials. Science 288: 1562-1563 [report on the inclusion of women in medical trials]

Henderson, J.L., and B.E. Cooper. 1987. The representation of women scientists in land grant colleges of agriculture. NACTA Journal 31(2): 14–17.

Henderson, M.L., and T.L. Keeney. 1988. Women in pharmacy education: The pioneers. American Pharmacy NS28(5): 24-27(308-311). [on Mary Putnam Jacoby, Rachell Lloyd, Kate Palmer, Nellie Wakeman, and others]

Henrion, C. 1997. Women in Mathematics: The Addition of Difference. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 293 pp. [a series of interviews with nine prominent female mathematicians in which they explore the ‘myths’ of women in mathematics today]

Herbers, J.M. 2007. Watch your language! Racially loaded metaphors in scientific research. BioScience 57(2): 104–105.

Herman, K. 2004. Games girls play. AAUW Outlook 98(1): 20–24.

Hermann, C., and F. Cyrot-Lackmann. 2002. Women in science in France. Science in Context 15(4): 529–556. [France has one of the highest percentages of women professors; these authors suggest this may reflect the social structure, e.g., the child-care system.]

Herschbach, D. 1999. Changes in the gardens of science, wrought by women. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 66–74. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Hertz, R. 2004. The contemporary myth of choice. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 596: 232–244. Special issue, "Mommies and Daddies on the Fast Track: Success of Parents in Demanding Professions," (J.A. Jacobs and J.F. Madden, eds.)

Herz, B. 2004. The importance of educating girls. Science 305: 1910–1911. [on the education of women and global population growth]

Hessing, M. 1994. More than clockwork: Women's time management in their combined workloads. Sociological Perspectives 37(4): 611–633.

Hewitt, M. and D.L. Howell. 1991. Being the odd one in a profession. Agricultural Education Magazine 63(8): 19–20.

Heymann, S.J. 1995. Patients in research: Not just subjects, but partners. Science 269: 797-798 (Filed with Hurtley and Benditt, 1995). [special issue on women's health]

Higginbotham CP, Richards RA. 2003. Educate and empower: The Women in Chemistry Alliance. American Chemical Society, Abstracts of Papers 225(1): U36.

Hill C, and Silva E. 2005. Drawing the Line: Sexual Harassment on Campus. American Association of University Women Educational Foundation, Washington, DC, 56 pp.

Hills, H.L. 1992. Workshop report: "Women dentists as academicians: What are the issues?" Journal of Dental Education 56(8): 571–572.

Himmelstein, D. 1996. Medical care employment in the United States, 1963 to 1993: the importance of health sector jobs for African-Americans and women. American Journal of Public Health 86: 525–528.

Hine, D.C. 1982. The Ethel Johns Report: black women in the nursing profession, 1925. Journal of Negro History 67: 212–228.

Hine, M.K. 1993. A look at women's contributions to dentistry. Indiana Dental Association Journal 72(6): 36–38.

Hinkle, A.S., and J.A. Kocsis, eds. 2005. Successful Women in Chemistry: Corporate America’s Contribution to Science. American Chemical Society (ACS Symposium Series 907), Washington, DC., 202 pp., [A series of short biographies of women chemists who work outside academia.]

Hinze, S.W. 1999. Gender and the body of medicine or at least some body parts: (Re)Constructing the prestige hierarchy of medical specialties. Sociological Quarterly 40(2): 217–239. [the results of a survey of male and female residents on the perceived prestige in different medical specialities; the most prestigious specialities are considered to be more "male."]

Hinze SW. 2004. 'Am I being over-sensitive?' Women's experience of sexual harassment during medical training. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 8(1): 101–127.

Hirsch, B.T., and K. Leppel. 1982. Sex discrimination in faculty salaries: Evidence from a historically women's university. The American Economic Review 72(4): 829–835.

Hirsch C. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1615.

Hitchcock MA, Bland CJ, Hekelman FP, Blumenthal MG. 1995. Professional networks: The influence of colleagues on the academic success of faculty. Academic Medicine 70(112): 1108–1116.

Hitchcock-DeGregori, S. 1999. Tenured women in academia (letter to the editor). Science 286(5449): 2451. [Letter to the editor in response to Lawler’s 1999 paper; see also response by Lawler, 1999]

Hoffer TB, Grigorian K. 2005. All in a week's work: Average work weeks of doctoral scientists and engineers. InfoBrief, National Science Foundation 2005(Dec.): 1–4. [NSF 06-302; available on-line: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf06302/]

Hoffleit D. 1984. Confirmed stereotypes transformed to freedom and variety. Physics Today 37(9): 77.

Hoffman-Kim, D. 1999. Women scientists in laboratory culture: Perspectives from an academic scientist in training. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 106–109. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Hogan B. 1992. Women in science (Letter to the editor). Nature 360(6401): 204. [In response to article: ‘Discrimination against women in science is wrong but so is a quota system,’ Nature 359: 92, 1992]

Holden, C. 1987. Why do women live longer than men? Science 238: 158–160. [“Mortality is higher among males from conception to old age; but females suffer more from nonfatal illness and autoimmune disorders.”]

Holden C. 1990. Women in science policy. Science 250(4981): 620.

Holden, C. 1992. Minority survivors tell their tales. Science 258: 1204–1206. ["Pathbreakers succeeded with help from parents, mentors, and scholarships." Part of a special issue on women and minorities edited by E. Culotta.]

Holden, C. 1993. Are Asian-Americans "underrepresented"? Science 262: 1096. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Holden, C. 1993. Are foreigners squeezing minorities out? Science 262: 1109–1111. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Holden C. 1994. Breaking the glass ceiling for $900,000. Science 263: 1688.

Holden, C. 1996. Social science: Researchers find feminization a two-edged sword. Science 271: 1919–1920. [Part of a special issue on women and minorities edited by E. Culotta]

Holden, C. 1997. NAE puts the focus on women. Science 277: 483. [a news article on the National Academy of Engineering's project to attract more women into engineering]

Holden, C. 1999. MIT issues mea culpa on sex bias. Science 283: 1992. [news article on the public admission of sex bias by the administration at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, following a report of an MIT faculty committee on work environments for faculty men vs. women] [see also Miller and Wilson, 1999; Goldberg, 1999; Hopkins, 1999; Hopkins and Potter, 1999]

Holden, C. 2001. General contentment masks gender gap in first AAAS salary and job survey. Science 294: 396-397, 400-401, 404-405, 407, 410–411. ["the largest employment survey of U.S. life scientists ever conducted." This survey done by the American Association for the Advancement of Science during the summer of 2001 found "a high level of job satisfaction" but also found "a significant gender pay gap."]

Holden C. 2005. Sex and the suffering brain. Science 308(5728): 1574–1577.

Hollon, T. 2000. From freedom ride to gender-based biology. The Scientist14(21): 12–13. [NIH Women's health research agency celebrates 10th anniversary]

Holloway, M. 1993. A lab of her own. Scientific American 269(5): 94–103. [A general summary of the field of women in science at that time. Also includes photographs and short biographies of women in science in the past and present.]

Holloway, M. 2001. Aborted thinking: Reenacting the global gag rule threatens public health. Scientific American 284(4): 19–20.

Holmes, D.J. and C.L. Hitchcock. 1997. A feeling for the organism? An empirical look at gender and research choices of animal behaviorists. In: Feminism and Evolutionary Biology: Boundaries, Intersections, and Frontiers (P.A. Gowaty, ed.), Chapman & Hall, NY, pp. 184–202.

Holmes, M.A. 2001. Status of women in the geosciences: Salaries, jobs. Gaea (Newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists) 24(3): 6–7.

Holmes, M.A. 2001. Towards equity: Time won't fix it. Gaea (Newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists) 24(4): 2–3. [Discussion of the fact that although the number of women undergraduates now exceeds men, they still aren't appearing in the professional ranks.]

Holmes, M.A. 2002. How to choose a graduate school. Gaea (Newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists) 25(5): 4–6.

Holmes MA, O’Connell S. 2003. Where are the women geoscientist professors?. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 84(50): 564.

Holmes MA, O’Connell S. 2004. Reply to Comment on 'Academic specialties in U.S. are shifting: Hiring of women geoscientists is stagnating.’ Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 85(6): 58. [Reply to comment by JC Steinmetz, 2004 on Holmes and O’Connell’s 2003 paper in Eos]

Holmes MA, O'Connell S. 2004. Where are the Women Geoscience Professors? Association for Women Geoscientists (AWG), Washington, DC, 42 pp. [report of the workshop held in Washington, DC, 25-27 September 2003, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and AWG]

Holmes, M.A., C. Frey, S. O'Connell and L.K. Ongley. 2003. The status of women in the geosciences. Geotimes 48(9): 24–25. [a special issue of Geotimes, "Diversity in the geosciences," ed. by M. Smith]

Holmes, M.A., C. Frey, S. O'Connell and L.K. Ongley. 2003. Academic specialties in the U.S. are shifting; hiring of women geoscientists is stagnating. Eos—Transactions, American Geophysical Union 84(43): 457, 460–461.

Holton, G. 1999. Different perceptions of “good science” and their effects on careers. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 78–86. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Honig, L.S. 1984. Women in science and engineering: Why so few? (Women in Technology) 87 (Nov-Dec): 30–40. [a review of the modern history of women’s participation in sciene, from WWII to today]

Honig J. 2002. What's a smart woman like you doing at home? Obstetrics and Gynecology 100(3): 612. [Letter to the editor in response to articles by Plante 2002 and Becker 2002 on having children during OB- GYN residency]

Hopkin, K. 1998. Sex differences used to study disease. The Scientist 12(23): 1, 6. [news article on the importance of sex differences in current research in medicine]

Hopkins, N. 1999. MIT and gender bias: Following up on victory. The Chronicle of Higher Education 45(4), June 11, 1999: B4-B5.

Hopkins N. 2005. A decade of progress for women in science. The Scientist 2005(Nov 7): 3 pp. [thoughts from Prof. Nancy Hopkins, who spearheaded a study at MIT on inequities between male and female faculty—see article by Lawler 1999]

Hopkins N. 2006. Diversification of a university faculty: Observations on hiring women faculty at the Schools of Science and Engineering at MIT. MIT Faculty Newsletter 18(4): 15–23.

Hopkins, N., L. Bailyn, L. Gibson and E. Hammonds. 2002. The status of women faculty at MIT. http://web.mit.edu/faculty/reports/overview.html Hopkins, N., and M.C. Potter, committee chairs. 1999. A study on the status of women faculty in science at MIT. The MIT Faculty Newsletter 11(4): 1–15. ['How a committee on women faculty came to be established by the Dean of the School of Science, what the Committee and the Dean learned and accomplished, and recommendations for the future.'] [see news reports by Goldberg, 1999; Holden, 1999; Miller and Wilson, 1999; and commentary by Hopkins, 1999]

Hornig LS. 1984. Women in science and technology: Why so few?. Technology Review 87(Nov-Dec): 30–40.

Horowitz, S.L. 1992. Special section: Introduction. Journal of Dental Education 56(8): 550. [introduction to papers presented at symposium entitled "Women Dentists: Facing the Issues" held March 13, 1993 at Columbia University, School of Dentistry, New York, NY].

Horvath, M. 2006. Mentoring the postdoctoral condition. AWIS Magazine (Association for Women in Science) 35(3): 15–17.

Hötzel MJ. 2006. Why should child care be seen as a women's issue?. Nature 439: 138. [response to article by Gewin 2005]

Howard, P.L., editor. 2003. Women and Plants: Gender Relations in Biodiversity Management and Conservation. Zed Books, London, UK, 320 pp. [focuses on “traditional knowledge of indigenous people and local communities, and especially on the relationship between biodiversity and women in traditional societies worldwide…”]

Hosek SD, Cox AG, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Kofner A, Ramphal N, Scott J, Berry SH. 2005. Gender Differences in Major Federal External Grant Programs. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 78 pp.

Hostler SL, Gressard RP. 1993. Perceptions of the gender fairness of the medical education environment. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 48: 51–54.

Hoy, R.R. 1993. A 'model minority' speaks out on cultural shyness. Science 262: 1117–1118. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Hrdy, S.B. 1977. Infanticide as a primate reproductive strategy. American Scientist 65: 40–49. [“Conflict is basic to all creatures that reproduce sexually, because the genotypes, and hence self-interests, of consorts are necessarily nonidentical. Infanticide among langurs illustrates an extreme form of this conflict.”]

Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer. 1981. The Woman That Never Evolved. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 256 pp.

Hrdy, S.B. 1984. When the bough breaks: There may be method in the madness of infanticide. The Sciences 24(2): 45–50.

Hrdy, S.B. 1986. Empathy, polyandry, and the myth of the coy female. In: Feminist Approaches to Science, ed. Ruth Bleier, Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 119–146. [reprinted in The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002, pp. 171-191]

Hrdy, S.B. 1988. Daughters or sons. Natural History 97(4): 63–83. [on influencing the sex of offspring]

Hrdy, S.B. 1990. Sex bias in nature and in history: a late 1980s reexamination of the "biological origins" argument. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 33: 25–37.

Hrdy, S.B. 1992. Fitness tradeoffs in the history and evolution of delegated mothering with special reference to wet-nursing, abandonment, and infanticide. Ethology and Sociobiology 13: 409–442.

Hrdy, S.B. 1995. Natural-born mothers. Natural History 104(December): 30–40.

Hrdy, S.B. 1996. The evolution of female orgasms: logic please but not atavism. Animal Behaviour 52: 851–852. [a response to a paper by Thornhill et al., 1995; discusses monogamy vs. multiple partners in female primates].

Hrdy, S.B. 1999. Body fat and birth control. Natural History 108(8): 88 ["For most of human history, girls in their early teens simply did not get pregnant."]

Hrdy, S.B. 1999. Mother Nature: A History of Mothers, Infants, and Natural Selection. Pantheon Books, NY, 723 p. Hrdy, S.B. 1999. Mother Nature: Natural Section and the Female of the Species. Chatto & Windus, London, U.K., 697 pp. [the British edition of the book above]

Hrdy, S.B. 2001. Mothers and others. Natural History 110(4): 50–63. [an anthropologist discusses cooperative child rearing in animal and human societies]

Hrdy, S.B. 2002. Empathy, polyandry, and the myth of the coy female. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 171–191.

Hrdy, S.B. 2003. New rules for an old game. New Scientist 178(2396): 5 [on primatology, motherhood, and infanticide]

Hrdy, S.B., and G.C. Williams. 1983. Behavioral biology and the double standard. In: Social Behavior of Female Vertebrates (S. Wasser, ed.), Academic Press, New York, NY, pp. 3–17.

Huang, A.S. 2001. Things your professor should have told you: Learning from 30 years of experiences about gaining more power for women scientists. AWIS Magazine 30(2): 6-9 Huang, A.S. 2003. Confidence or arrogance? AWIS Magazine 32(4): 6–9. [on the self-confidence that is important to succeed in science]

Hubbard, R. 1982. Have only men evolved? In: Biological Woman—The Convenient Myth: A Collection of Feminist Essays and a Comprehensive Bibliography (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), Schenkman Publishing Co. Inc., Cambridge, MA, pp. 17–46. [reprinted in The Gender of Science, J.A. Kourany, ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2002, pp. 153-170]

Hubbard, R. 1984. Should professonal women be like professional men? In: Women in Scientific and Engineering Professions (VB Haas, CC Perrucci, eds.), University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 205–211.

Hubbard, R. 1990. The Politics of Women's Biology. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ. Hubbard, R. 1995. Genomania and health. American Scientist 83(1): 8–10.

Hubbard, R. 1996. Gender and genitals: Constructs of sex and gender. Social Text 46/47(1&2): 157–165.

Hubbard, R. 2000. Identity politics and biology. In: Thinking about Evolution: Historical, Philosophical, and Political Perspectives, Volume Two (R.S. Singh, C.B. Krimbas, D.B. Paul and J. Beatty, eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 467–479.

Hubbard, R. 2001. Science and science criticism. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 49–51.

Hubbard, R. 2002. Have only men evolved? In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 153–170.

Hubbard, R. 2002. The new procreative technologies. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 250–266.

Hubbard R. 2003. Science, power, gender: How DNA became the book of life. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28(3): 791–799.

Hubbard, R. and M. Lowe. 1983. Woman's Nature. Pergamon Press, NY. Hubbard, R. and M. Randell. 1988. The Shape of Red. Cleis Press, San Francisco, CA. Hubbard, R., and E. Wald. 1993. The eugenics of normalcy: The politics of gene research. The Ecologist 23(5): 185–191.

Hubbard, R., M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds. 1979. Women Looking at Biology Looking at Women: A Collection of Feminist Critiques. G.K. Hall & Co., Boston, MA, 268 pp. [9 articles on the evolution of women, sex differences in brain asymmetry, women in medicine, the history of midwives, attitudes toward menstruation and menopause, anorexia, and early medical ideas on women].

Hubbard, R., M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds. 1982. Biological Woman—The Convenient Myth: A Collection of Feminist Essays and a Comprehensive Bibliography. Schenkman Publishing Co. Inc., Cambridge, MA, 376 pp. [an update and expansion of their 1979 book with 12 articles and an updated bibliography. See individual papers under Birke, Brack, Fried, Grossman and Bart, Hubbard, Lowe, Stellman and Henifin, Rodriguez-Trias, Smith, Walsh, and Weisstein]

Hughes DM. 2000. Women and the natural sciences (syllabus). In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 203–206.

Hughes DM. 2000. Scientific, feminist, and personal epistemologies: Conflicts and opportunities. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 305–312.

Hult C, Callister R, and Sullivan K. 2006. Is there a global warming toward women in academia?. Gaea (Newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists) 29(2): 7–9.

Humphreys, L.G. 1984. Women with doctorates in science and engineering. In: Women in Science (special issue) (M.W. Steinkamp, M.L. Maehr, eds.), Advances in Motivation and Achievement 2: 197–216.

Humphreys, S.M., ed. 1982. Women and minorities in science: Strategies for increasing participation. American Association for the Advancement of Science Selected Symposium 66, Westview Press, Inc., Boulder, CO, 218 pp.

Huntoon, C.L. 1999. Opening doors for women in space: A perspective from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 204–206. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Hurley, P. 2006. You've still got a long way to go, baby. AAUW Outlook (American Association of University Women) 100(2): 24–26.

Hurtley, S., and J. Benditt, eds. 1995. Women's health research: A special report. Science 269: 765-801 [special report in Science. See individual articles under: Cohen, 1995; Garcia-Moreno and Türmen, 1995; Gura, 1995; Heymann, 1995; Mann, 1995; Mongelia, 1995; Meinert, 1995; Morell, 1995; Nowak, 1995; Sherman et al., 1995; and Weissman and Olfson, 1995]

Hutson, N.J. 1999. Women drivers. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 191–196. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Hyde JS. 2005. The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist 60(6): 581–592.

Hyde JS, Linn MC. 2006. Gender similarities in mathematics and science. Science 314: 599–600. [“suggests that girls and boys are more similar than different in their psychological traits and cognitive abilities…[and] that too often, small differences in performance—reflected in studies such as the National Assessment of Educational Progress Report Card—are exaggerated and end up reinforcing subtle, persistent, biases.”]

Hyde, J.S., E. Fennema and S.J. Lamon. 1990. Gender differences in mathematics performance: A meta- analysis. Psychological Bulletin 107(2): 139–155.

Hyde, J.S., E. Fennema, M. Ryan, L.A. Frost and C. Hopp. 1990. Gender comparisons of mathematics attitudes and affect: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly 14(3): 299–324.

Hyde, M.S., and J. Gess-Newsome. 2000. Factors that increase persistence of female undergraduate science students. In: Women Succeeding in the Sciences: Theories and Practices across Disciplines (Jody Bart, ed.), Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, IN, pp. 115–137.

Hynes, H.P. 1982. Toward a laboratory of one's own: lesbians in science. In: Lesbian Studies: Present and Future (M. Cruikshank, ed.), The Feminist Press, Old Westbury, NY, p. 174–178.

Hynes, H.P. 1995. No classroom is an island. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 211–219.

Hynes HP. 2000. Toward a laboratory of one's own: Lesbians in science. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 158–164.

Hynes N. 1993. Women in science '93: A "female style"? (Letter to the editor). Science 261(5120): 411.

Ishikawa, T., and K.A. Kastens. 2005. Why some students have trouble with maps and other spatial representations. Journal of Geoscience Education 53: 184–197.

Irwin BS. 1988. Researching women physicians. New Jersey Medicine 85(5): 405–409.

Ivey, E.S. 1987. Recruiting more women into science and engineering. Issues in Science and Technology 4(1): 83–87.

Ivie, R., and K.N. Ray. 2005. Women in physics and astronomy. American Institute of Physics, Statistical Research Center, College Park, MD, 23 pp.

Jackson, J. 2004. The story is not the numbers: academic socialization and diversifying the faculty. NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): 172–185.

Jackson, J.K. 2001. Unequal partners: Rethinking gender roles in animal behavior. In: Feminist Science Studies: A New Generation (M. Mayberry, B. Subramaniam and L.H. Weasel, eds.), Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 115–119.

Jackson LR. 1998. The influence of both race and gender on the experiences of African American college women. The Review of Higher Education 21(4): 359–375.

Jacobs, J.A. 2004. The faculty time divide. Sociological Forum 19(1): 3–27. [on work-family conflict, gender inequality, and faculty workloads]

Jacobs, J.A., and S.E. Winslow. 2004. Overworked faculty: Job stresses and family demands. In: Mommies and Daddies on the Fast Track: Success of Parents in Demanding Professions (J.A. Jacobs and J.F. Madden, eds.), Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social. Science 596: 104–129.

Jacobs, J.E., C.S. Chhin and M.M. Bleeker. 2006. Enduring links: Parents' expectations and their young adult children's gender-typed occupational choices. Educational Research and Evaluation 12(4): 395–407.

Jacobs, M. 1998. Challenges await women chemists in the new millennium. Chemical and Engineering News 76(38): 43–55.

Jacobsen, J.P. 2004. Where we are now and future possibilites. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 596: 221–225. Special issue, "Mommies and Daddies on the Fast Track: Success of Parents in Demanding Professions," (J.A. Jacobs and J.F. Madden, eds.).

Jacobson CC, Nguyen JC, Kimball AB. 2004. Gender and parenting significantly affect work hours of recent dermatology program graduates. Archives of Dermatology 140: 191–196.

Jaffe, H. 2004. Whatever happened to the U.S. AIDS epidemic? Science 305: 1243–1244.

Jaschik S. 2006. Federal inquiry on women in science. Inside Higher Ed 2006(Mar. 28): 3 pp.

Jesse, J.K. 2006. Redesigning science: Recent scholarship on cultural change, gender, and diversity. BioScience 56(10): 831–838.

Jetter M. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1613.

Jezer R. 1991. Congressional actions RE women in science and mathematics. Bulletin of Science Technology and Society 11(3): 134–137.

Jinapriya D, Cockerill R, Trope GE. 2003. Career satisfaction and surgical practice patterns among female ophthalmologists. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 38(5): 373–378.

Jobe, D. 2004. On track? AAUW Outlook 98(1): 8–13. [on tenure and promotion for women faculty]

Johansson EE, Risberg G, Hamberg K, Westman G. 2002. Gender bias in female physician assessments: Women considered better suited for qualitative research. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 20(2): 79–84.

Johansson J. 1994. Women in science a plus (Letter to the editor). The American Biology Teacher 56(3): 132. [on the number of women receiving honors at the National Association of Biology Teachers’ annual meeting]

Johnson, A. 2006. Minority women in science. AWIS Magazine (Association for Women in Science) 35(4): 9–11.

Johnson, G.E., and F.P. Stafford. 1974. The earnings and promotion of women faculty. The American Economic Review 64(6): 888–903.

Johnson, K.O. 2000. Diversity for survival. Geotimes 45(9): 17-19, 34 Johnson, T., and E. Fee. 1994. Women's participation in clinical research: From protectionism to access. In: Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies, Volume 2 - Workshop and Commissioned Papers (Mastroianni, A.C., R. Faden and D. Federman, eds.), National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 1–10.

Johnson, T.L., and E. Fee. 1997. Women’s health research: A historical perspective. In: Women’s Health Research: A Medical and Policy Primer (F.P. Haseltine and B.G. Jacobson, eds.). Health Press International, Washington, DC, pp. 27–43.

Johnson, T.L., M.A. Blumenthal and S.J. Blumenthal. 1993. Women in academic medicine: Findings of the second annual Scientific Advisory Meeting. Journal of Women's Health 2(3): 215-222 [a discussion of the problems that women in academic medicine encounter]

Jones, J.H. 1993. Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. The Free Press, NY, 297 pp.

Jones MG, Wheatley J. 1988. Factors influencing the entry of women into science and related fields . Science Education 72(2): 127–142.

Jones RA. 2005. 'How many female scientists do you know?'. Endeavour 29(2): 84–88.

Jordan D. 1999. Black women in the agronomic sciences: Factors influencing career development. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 5: 113–128.

Jordanova, L.J. 1980. Natural facts: a historical perspective on science and sexuality. In: Nature, Culture and Gender (C.P. MacCormack and M. Strathern, eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 42–69.

Joyce A. 2006. Now it's time for women to get even. Washington Post 2006(Apr. 23): F1. [editorial on equal pay for women and Equal Pay Day]

Judson, H.F. 1996. The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology, Expanded Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, NY, 714 pp. [on the pioneers molecular biology. The Afterword I is titled, "In defense of Rosalind Franklin: The myth of the wronged heroine," and is Judson's response to what he calls "the feminist appropriation of Franklin."]

Judson OP. 2005. Anticlimax. Nature 436: 916–917.

Kahle, J.B. 1985. Women biologists: A view and a vision. Bioscience 35(4): 230–234. [an analysis of the education, employment, and productivity of women today].

Kahn, E.D., and L. Robbins, eds. 1985. Sex discrimination in academe (special issue). Journal of Social Issues 41(4): 1–154. (KU library) Kahn, P. 1993. Lone star state. Science 260(5106): 421. [on Mary Osborn, who is a cell biologist currently at Max Planck Institute in Göttingen, Germany and her work to try to increase the number of women in senior science positions in Germany.]

Kahn, P. 1993. Germany's Turks struggle into science. Science 262: 1103, 1105. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Kaldenberg DO, Becker BW, Zvonkovic A. 1995. Work and commitment among young professionals: A study of male and female dentists. Human Relations 48(11): 1355–1377.

Kahn, P. 1994. Turkey: A prominent role on a stage set by history. Science 263: 1487-1488 [Women in Science '94, special section of Science magazine, ed. by J. Benditt].

Kaiser J. 2005. Gender in the pharmacy: Does it matter?. Science 308(5728): 1572–1574.

Kajitani MP. 2006. Finding a parent-friendly place. The Chronicle of Higher Education: Chronicle Careers 2006(July 26): 5 pp.

Kames J. 2006. Mass uprising of women in science. Nature 440: 966.

Kantha SS. 1992. Clues to prolific productivity among prominent scientists. Medical Hypotheses 39: 159–163.

Kalia LV. 2003. Barriers to women clinician-scientists: A trainee's perspective. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 26(1): 15–16.

Kalisch, P.A., and B.J. Kalisch. 1982. The image of nurses in novels. American Journal of Nursing 82: 1220–1224.

Kane, R.J. 2003. The long road to race-blindness. Science 302: 571–573. [on the Supreme Court decision on affirmative action in June, 2003]

Kapila L. 2003. You can do it if you really want to. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 38(7 suppl. 1): 33–37.

Kaplan, G., and L.J. Rogers. 2001. Race and gender fallacies: The paucity of biological determinst explanations of difference. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 323–342.

Kaplan SH, Sullivan LM, Dukes KA, Phillips CF, Kelch RP, Schaller JG. 1996. Sex differences in academic advancement: Results of a national study of pediatricians. New England Journal of Medicine 335: 1282–1289.

Karsten, J. 2003. A unified approach to diversifying the earth sciences. Geotimes 48(9): 20–24. [a special issue of Geotimes, "Diversity in the geosciences," ed. by M. Smith] [a report on a conference on increasing diversity in the geosciences, sponsored by the American Geophysical Union and NASA]

Kass-Simon, G., and P. Farnes, eds. 1990. Women of Science-Righting the Record. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 398 pp. [10 articles on women in various professions-see individual articles]

Katz, D.A. 1973. Faculty salaries, promotions, and productivity at a large university. The American Economic Review 63(3): 469–477.

Kavathas P, Soong L. 2001. Gender inequity: Challenging business as usual. Nature Immunology 2(11): 985–987.

Keelor B, Martinez C, Kaleuati K. 2005. Earth and Space Science PhDs, Class of 2003. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 12 pp.

Kegel-Flom P, Didion CJ. 1994. Women in science (Letter to the editor, response to paper by Etzkowitz et al. 1994). Science 266(5190): 1462–1463.

Keiser J, Utzinger J, Singer BH. 2003. Gender composition of editorial boards of general medical journals. The Lancet 362: 1336.

Keller, E.F. 1981. Women and Science: Two Cultures or One? Commentary on Hein, Lowe, Fee, and Goodman and Goodman. International Journal of Women's Studies 4(4): 414–419.

Keller, E.F. 1983. Feminism as an analytic tool for the study of science. Academe 69(5): 15–21.

Keller, E.F. 1985. Reflections on Gender and Science. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 193 pp.

Keller, E.F. 1985. A world of difference. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 125-135 [reprinted from Keller, E.F., 1985, Reflections on Gender and Science, pp. 158-176]

Keller, E.F. 1986. How gender matters, or, why it’s so hard for us to count past two. In: Perspectives on Gender and Science (J. Harding, ed.), The Falmer Press, London, UK, pp. 168–183.

Keller EF. 1987. Women in science (Letter to the editor). Science 236(4801): 507.

Keller, E.F. 1989. Women scientists and feminist critics of science. In: Learning about Women: Gender, Politics, and Power (J.K. Conway, S.C. Bourque and J.W. Scott, eds.), The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 77–91.

Keller, E.F. 1988. Keller's degendered science. Thesis Eleven 21: 117–128. [review of Keller's work, especially her biography of Barbara McClintock, A Feeling for the Organism]

Keller, E.F. 1991. The wo/man scientist: Issues of sex and gender in the pursuit of science. In: The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community (H. Zuckerman, J.R. Cole and J.R. Bruer, eds.), W.W. Norton & Company, NY, pp. 227–236.

Keller, E.F. 1995. Gender and science: Origin, history, and politics. In: Constructing Knowledge in the History of Science (A. Thackray, ed.), Osiris, 2nd Series, 10: 27–38.

Keller, E.F. 1996. Feminism and science. In: Feminism and Science (E.F. Keller and H. Longino, eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 28–40.

Keller, E.F. 1996. Language and ideology in evolutionary theory: Reading cultural norms into natural law. In: Feminism and Science (E.F. Keller and H. Longino, eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 154–172.

Keller EF. 1997. Developmental biology as a feminist cause? In: Women, Gender and Science: New Directions (Kohlstedt SG, Longino HE, eds.), Osiris 12: 16–28.

Keller, E.F. 2000. Women, gender, and science: Some parallels between primatology and developmental biology. In: Primate Encounters: Models of Science, Gender, and Society (S.C. Strum and L.M. Fedigan, eds.), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp. 382–397.

Keller, E.F. 2001. Making a difference: Feminist movement and feminist critiques of science. In: Feminism in Twentieth-Century Science, Technology, and Medicine (A.N.H. Creager, E. Lunbeck and L. Schiebinger, eds.), The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 98–109.

Keller, E.F. 2001. Secrets of God, Nature, and law. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 98–110.

Keller, E.F. 2002. A world of difference. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 125–135.

Keller, E.F., and H. Longino, eds. 1996. Feminism and Science, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 289 pp. (Oxford Readings in Feminism Series) [see individual articles under Keller (2); Lloyd; Martin; Schiebinger]

Keller LH. 1993. Women in science '93: A "female style"? (Letter to the editor). Science 261(5120): 408.

Kelly, B. 1995. The four-component system: A nontechnological interactive learning environment where women count. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 113–126.

Kelly, P. 2003. Outstanding educator award winner Tricia Kelly on mentoring, teaching, and family life. Gaea (Association for Women Geoscientists Newsletter) 27(6): 6-7/ [Dr. Patricia Kelly is a geologist and former president of the Paleontological Society.]

Kenny, E., in collaboration with M. Ostenso. 1943. And They Shall Walk: The Life Story of Sister Elizabeth Kenny. Dodd, Mead and Company, New York, NY, 281 pp. [Kenny’s treatment of polio victims helped to prevent paralysis and she is considered to be the founder of physical therapy.]

Kenschaft, P.C. 1981. Black women in mathematics in the United States. The American Mathematical Monthly 88: 592–604.

Kerr, E.A. 2001. Toward a feminist natural science: Linking theory and practice. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 386–406.

Kerr, R. 2000. Iranian women hear the call of science. Science 290: 1485.

Kiefer, A.K., and D. Sekaquaptewa. 2007. Implicit stereotypes, gender identification, and math-related outcomes: A prospective study of female college students. Psychological Science 18(1): 13–18.

Kilborn PT. 1995. For many in work force, 'glass ceiling' still exists. The New York Times 1995(March 16): A22.

Kilbourn, J.P. 1991. The Book for Working Women (Is There any Other Kind?). Aha Publishing, Beaverton, OR, 100 pp.

Kilbourn, J.P. 1997. A how to book… making success your reality. privately published, 84 pp. (available from: J.P. Kilbourn, Portland, OR). Kilty, K.T. 1999. Tenured women in academia (letter to the editor). Science 286(5449): 2450. [response to article by Lawler, 1999; also includes response by A. Lawler and letters by Milburn 1999 and Hitchcock- DeGregori 1999]

Kim PS, Lewis GB. 1994. Asian Americans in the public service: Success, diversity, and discrimination. Public Administration Review 54(3): 285–290.

Kimball, M.M. 1981. Women and science: A critique of biological theories. International Journal of Women's Studies 4(4): 318–338.

Kimura, D. 1992. Sex differences in the brain. Scientific American 267(3): 119–125. [”Cognitive variations between the sexes reflect differing hormonal influences on brain development. Understanding these differences and their causes can yield insights into brain organization.”]

Kimura D. 1997. Affirmative action policies are demeaning to women in academia. Canadian Psychology 38(4): 238–243.

King J. 2005. Benefits of women in science. Science 308: 601.

Kinsley CH, Lambert KG. 2006. The maternal brain. Scientific American 294(1): 72–79. [pregnancy and motherhood change the structure of the female mammal’s brain]

Kinsman, S. 2001. Life, sex, and cells. In: Feminist Science Studies: A New Generation (M. Mayberry, B. Subramaniam and L.H. Weasel, eds.), Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 193–203. [on teaching biology and evolutionary ecology, and including a feminist approach to reproductive biology]

Kiparsky M. 2006. How to win a graduate fellowship. The Chronicle of Higher Education: Chronicle Careers 2006(May 11): 6 pp. [http://chronicle.com/jobs/news/2006/05/2006051101c/careers.html]

Kirk KW. 1982. Women in male-dominated professions. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 39: 2089–2093.

Kirk, K.W., and M.D. Shepherd. 1983. Women in pharmacy—where are we now? American Pharmacy NS23(2): 19-21 (75-77)

Kirkman EE, Maxwell JW, Rose CA. 2005. 2004 annual survey of the mathematical sciences (second report). Notices of the AMS 52(7): 747–760. [AMS = American Mathematical Society]

Kirkup, G., and L.S. Keller, eds. 1992. Inventing women: Science, technology, and gender. Polity Press, Cambridge, UK, 342 pp. [19 articles on various topics, including women in human evolution, women in the military and gender and science.]

Kistiakowsky V. 1980. Women in physics: unnecessary, injurious, and out of place. Physics Today 33(2): 32–40. [“Despite eight years of affirmative action more changes are necessary to create an atmosphere where women are equally accepted in the field of physics.” The title of this paper is a quote from Strindberg, written at the end of the 19th century.]

Kite ME, Balogh DW. 1997. Warming trends: Improving the chilly campus climate. In: Subtle Sexism: Current Practice and Prospects for Change (Benokraitis NV, eds.), SAGE Publications, London, UK, pp. 264–278.

Kitts, A. 2001. Career selection for women in science: Is it really Hobson's choice after 30 years of progress? AWIS Magazine 30(2): 21–22. ["Hobson's choice is an apparently free choice that offers no real alternative."]

Kitzinger C. 1993. Beyond the boundaries: Lesbians in academe. In: Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective, Glazer JS, Bensimon EM, Townsend BK, eds., Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, pp. 437–446. [Reprinted from Storming the Tower: Women in the Academic World. Lie SS and O'Leary VE eds., Kogan Page, 1990.]

Klein R, and Dumble LJ. 1994. Disempowering midlife women: The science and politics of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Women's Studies International Forum 17(4): 327–343.

Kleinfeld, J. 1998. Q: Do public schools shortchange girls on educational opportunities?; No: In fact, the public schools are biased against boys, particularly minority males. Insight on the News 14(46): 24. [see also Weinman, 1998 for the “Yes” answer to this question.]

Kleinfeld, J. 1999. Gender and myth: Data about student performance. Current 412: 3-10 [research commissioned by the conservative Women's Freedom Network and designed to debunk the 1992 AAUW report, How Schools Shortchange Girls. See also AAUW, 1992; Leo, 1999; Weinman, 1998.]

Kleinman SS. 2000. Social identification in computer-mediated group for women in science and engineering. Science Communication 21(4): 344–366.

Klemesrud J. 1984. A support network for young women in dentistry. The New York Times 1984(May 27): 65.

Knapp,

S. 2005. A suitable job for a woman. Trends in Ecology and Evolution (TREE) 20: 55–56.

Knecht K. 1993. Women in science '93: A "female style"? (Letter to the editor). Science 261(5120): 409.

Knight, J. 2002. Sexual stereotypes. Nature 415: 254–256. ["Males are promiscuous and females are choosey, according to evolutionary dogma embodied in a theory called Bateman's principle. Only recently have researchers begun to test the theory's limit."]

Koblitz AH. 1987. Women scientists. Science 235(4792): 1092.

Kobrin, F.E. 1983. The American midwife controversy: A crisis of professionalization. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 57(4): 350–363.

Kobrynowicz, D., and N.R. Branscombe. 1997. Who considers themselves victims of discrimination? Individual difference predictors of perceived gender discrimination in women and men. Psychology of Women Quarterly 21: 347–363. [Nyla Branscombe is a faculty member in Psychology at KU]

Koerner, B.J. 1999. Where the boys aren't. U.S. New & World Report 126(5), 8 February 1999: 47–55. ["Women are a growing majority on campus. So what are men up to-and who's losing out?"]

Koerner, L. 1993. Goethe’s botany: Lessons of a feminine science. Isis 84(3): 470–495. [mostly on Goethe’s theories and practice in botany, but does discuss women’s role in science in the late 1700s-early 1800s and compares Goethe’s practices to those of his female contemporaries.]

Kohlstedt, S.G. 1978. In from the periphery: American women in science, 1830–1880. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 4(1): 81–96.

Kohlstedt, S.G. 1990. Parlors, primers, and public schooling: Education for science in nineteenth-century America. Isis 81(3): 424–445.

Kohlstedt SG. 1992. An advocate from the past. Science 255(5042): 347–348.

Kohlstedt, S.G. 1995. Women in the history of science: An ambiguous place. In: Constructing Knowledge in the History of Science (A. Thackray, ed.), Osiris, 2nd series, 10: 39–58.

Kohlstedt, S.G., ed. 1999. History of Women in the Sciences: Readings from Isis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 379 p. [includes 17 papers, originally published in the journal Isis, on the history of women in almost all branches of science]

Kohlstedt, S.G. 2004. Sustaining gains: reflections on women in science and technology in 20th-century United States. NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): 1–26.

Kohlstedt SG, Longino H. 1997. The women, gender, and science question: What do research on women in science and research on gender and science have to do with each other? In: Women, Gender and Science: New Directions (Kohlstedt SG, Longino HE, eds.), Osiris 12: 3–15.

Kolata, G.B. 1980. Math and sex: Are girls born with less ability? Science 210: 1234–1235.

Kölbl-Ebert, M. 2001. On the origin of women geologists by means of social selection: Germany and British comparison. Episodes 24(3): 182–193.

Kondro, W. 2002. Few women win new academic chairs. Science 296: 2319 [on the representation of women in the Canadian Research Chairs program; these are prestigious, endowed faculty chairs].

Kondro W. 2003. Gender distribution of Canada Research Chairs. Clinical and Investiagtive Medicine 26(1): 6–7.

Konek, C.W., and S.L. Kitch, eds. 1994. Women and careers: Issues and challenges. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 280 pp. [Dr. Konek is a faculty member at Wichita State and Dr. Kitch is the former Director of Women's Studies at WSU. This book is written by the Research Group on Women and Work, which studied business and professional women in Wichita and their attitudes about feminism, careers, etc.]

Kopp, L.K., and T. Farr. 1999. Is the chilly classroom climate still a factor for women as we close the 20th century? (abstract) Women and Language 22(2): 48.

Koppel, T. 1993. No girls need apply. Science 260(5106): 422. [on physicist Fumiko Yonezawa, who is currently a professor at Keio University in Japan.]

Koritz, H.G. 1992. Women in science: changing the climate. Journal of College Science Teaching 21(5): 260-261 Koshland DE. 1988. Women in science (Editorial). Science 239(4847): 1473.

Koshland DE Jr. 1993. Women in science (Editorial). Science 260(5106): 275.

Koshland DE Jr. 1994. Women in science (Editorial). Science 263(5152): 1355.

Koster, J.B. 2007. Turning the kaleidoscope: Changing the views about women in science and engineering. Association for Women in Science Magazine 36(1): 16–18.

Kourany, J.A., ed. 2002. The Gender of Science. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 391 pp. [a collection of essays and book chapters previously published, with an introduction and commentary on each section]

Kramarae, C. 2001. The Third Shift: Women Learning Online. American Association of University Women (AAUW) Educational Foundation, Washington, DC, 82 pp.

Kraus, C. 2000. Naked sex in exile: On the paradox of the "sex question" in feminism and in science. NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 12(3): 151–177.

Krefting LA. 2003. Intertwined discourses of merit and gender: Evidence from academic employment in the USA. Gender, Work and Organization 10(2): 260–278.

Kremer, B.K. 1984. The meta-analysis of gender differences in science learning: A first step toward the development of educational policy to encourage women in science. In: Women in Science (special issue) (M.W. Steinkamp, M.L. Maehr, eds.), Advances in Motivation and Achievement 2: 51–71.

Kremer, K.B., G.W. Mullins and R.E. Roth. 1990. Women in science and environmental education: Need for an agenda. Journal of Environmental Education 22(2): 4–6.

Kresge, N. 2005. Teaching the next generation of scientists. AWIS Magazine 34: 38–40. [on teaching science at the K-12 level]

Krieger, N., and E. Fee. 2002. Man-made medicine and women’s health: The biopolitics of sex/gender and race/ethnicity. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 237–250. [reprinted from International Journal of Health Services 24(2): 265-283]

Krupnick CG. 1985. Women and men in the classroom: Inequality and its remedies. On Teaching and Learning 1: 18–25.

Kubanek, A.-M.W. and M. Waller. 1995. Career and family for women scientists: Coping with two opposing demands—a historical perspective. Journal of College Science Teaching 25(2): 126–133.

Kuck V, Buckner JP, Nolan SA, Marzabadi CH. 2003. An examination of the hiring practices of the top fifty chemistry departments. American Chemical Society, Abstracts of Papers 226(1): U37.

Kuck VJ. 2005. Women in science. Chemical and Engineering News 83(9): 3.

Kuck VJ, Marzabadi CH, Buckner JP, Nolan SA. 2003. Leaky pipeline: Gender differences in training and career choices of graduates from top universities. American Chemical Society, Abstracts of Papers 225(1): U36.

Kumagai, J. 1990. AIP survey finds more women majoring in physics. Physics Today 43(7): 64. [AIP=American Institute of Physics]

Kumagai, J. 1994. Survey and site visits evaluate 'climate' for women in physics. Physics Today 47(8), part 1: 57–58.

Kumagai, J. 1994. Women see gains in US physics professorate. Physics Today 47(9): 86.

Kumazawa Y. 1997. Need for change in Japan's universities. Nature 388: 223.

Kundsin, R.B. 1974. Women and success. William Morrow & Co., Inc., NY. Kupfer A. 2003. Justice in higher education. Policy and Politics 31(4): 447–464.

Kurtzban, R., J. Tooby and L. Cosmides. 2001. Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98(26): 15387–15392.

Kuwahara M. 2001. Japanese women in science and technology. Minerva 39(2): 203–216. [Special issue, ‘Women in science: International perspectives,’ ed. by H. Etzkowitz H, and C. Kemelgor]

Ladner, J.A. 2002. Introduction to tomorrow's tomorrow: the black woman. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 353–360.

LaFollette, M.C. 1988. Eyes on the stars: Images of women scientists in popular magazines. Science Technology, and Human Values 13(3-4): 262–275.

LaFollette, M.C. 1990. Daring steps are needed to increase women's role in science. The Chronicle of Higher Education. October 3, p. A56. [news article; responding to National Institutes of Health's lack of inclusion of women in clinical studies]

Lahdenperä M, V. Lummaa, S. Helle, M. Trmblay, and A.F. Russell. 2004. Fitness benefits of prolonged post-reproductive lifespan in women. Nature 428: 178–181.

Laine C, Turner BJ. 2004. Unequal pay for equal work: The gender gap in academic medicine. Annals of Internal Medicine 141(3): 238–240.

Lakes-Matyas, M., and L.S. Dix, editors, (Committee on Women in Science and Engineering, National Research Council), 1992. Science and Engineering Programs: On Target for Women? National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 216 pp.

Lakhdar ZB. 2005. Following the light: Opening doors to science in Tunisia. Science 310: 1435–1437.

Lane, N.J. 1999. Why are there so few women in science? Nature debates online (http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/women/women_frameset.html) Langenberg, H. 2001. Uncertainty of short-term contracts is turning talent away from science. Nature 410(6830): 849–850. [also includes information on the effect of short-term contracts on women, especially during the child-bearing years]

Langfeldt L, Brofoss KE. 2005. Evaluation of the European Young Investigator Awards Scheme. NIFU Step, Studies in Innovation, Research and Education, Oslo, Norway, 83 pp. [Available from: http://www.nifustep.no/norsk/arbeidsnotater/evaluation_of_the_european_young_investigator_awards_scheme]

Lantz, A., M. Whittington, M.L. Fox, L. Elliot and K. Sackett. 1980. Reentry Programs for Female Scientists. Praeger Publishers, NY, 195 pp.

Laqueur, T.W. 2000. ‘Amor veneris, vel dulcedo appeletur.’ In: Feminism and the Body (L. Schiebinger, ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 58–86. [a history of the clitoris in medicine and sexuality]

Larke, A., G. Alexander-Finn and M. Falconer. 1992. Women graduates certified to teach agricultural science. NACTA Journal 36(4): 10–12.

Larsen, P.H. 2000. Problems facing women veterinarians, past and present. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA) 217(8): 1138 [letter to the editor in response to article by Slater and Slater (see below)].

Larson, C. 2003. 2003 salary survey: behind the numbers: while the overall wage gender gap is 76 cents on the dollar, it's wider in some fields than others. Here's a close-up look at the fissures in six fields-and what's being done about them. NAFE Magazine : 4 pp. [Available online: http://nafe.com/ef_fall.shtml]

Larsson C, Hensing G, Allebeck P. 2003. Sexual and gender-related harassment in medical education and research training: Results from a Swedish survey. Medical Education 37: 39–50.

Lavender AJ, Smith GL. 1996. The Milwaukee-Downer heritage - 150 years of promoting women in geology. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 28(6): 51.

Lawler, A. 1999. Tenured women battle to make it less lonely at the top. Science 286: 1272–1278. [Article on senior women at MIT and Harvard and "their institutions' slow progress in hiring and retaining female researchers." See Letters to the editor in response to this article by Kilty 1999, Hitchcock-DeGregori 1999, and Milburn 1999; and response by Lawler 1999]

Lawler, A. 1999. Tenured women in academia (response to letter to the editor). Science 286(5449): 2450. [this is a response to a letter by Kilty, 1999; both are on Lawler’s 1999 paper, “Tenured women battle to make it less lonely at the top.”]

Lawler, A. 2001. College heads pledge to remove barriers. Science 291: 806. [report of a meeting at MIT of leaders from 9 top U.S. research universities]

Lawler A. 2001. Court to hear charges by Harvard researcher. Science 291(5508): 1466. [biomathematician Tamara Awerbuch-Friedlander sued Harvard for denial of tenure on the basis of sex discrimination]

Lawler, A. 2001. Caltech aims for big jump in women faculty. Science 294: 2066–2067. [news report that “the California Institute of Technology hopes to more than double the number of women faculty members over the next decade.”]

Lawler, A. 2002. NASA decision not suited for women. Science 295: 1623 [new article on NASA's decision to no longer make space suits in a smaller size that fits many women better]

Lawler, A. 2002. Engineers marginalized, MIT report concludes. Science 295: 2192.

Lawler, A. 2003. Institute failed on attitudes toward women. Science 239: 993–994. [report on a review of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore and the 'chilly climate' for women astronomers there]

Lawler A. 2003. Princeton study strikes sad but familiar chord. Science 302: 33.

Lawler, A. 2005. Summer's comments draw attention to gender, racial gaps. Science 307: 492–493. [On remarks made on the lack of women in science by the president of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, in January 2004; see full text of the speech under Summers, 2005]

Lawler A. 2005. Harvard pledges $50 million to boost diversity on campus. Science 308: 1102.

Lawler A. 2006. Progress on hiring women science faculty members stalls at MIT. Science 312(5772): 347–348.

Lawler, A. 2006. Universities urged to improve hiring and advancement of women. Science 314: 1712.

Lawler, A. 2007. Radcliffe historian named Harvard president. Science 315(5814): 926. [On the appointment of Dr. Drew G. Faust as the first female president of Harvard]

Lawrence J, Poole P, Diener S. 2003. Critical factors in career decision making for women medical graduates. Medical Education 37: 319–327.

Lawrence PA. 2006. Men, women, and ghosts in science. PLoS Biology 4(1): 0013–0015.

Lawrence, P.A. 2006. Let's encourage gentler, more reflective scientists (Letter to the editor). Nature 442(7102): 510.

Lawton M. 1992. Schools' 'glass ceiling' imperils girls, study says. Education Week 11(21): 1, 17.

Lazarus, B.B., L.M. Ritter and S.A. Ambrose. 2001. The Woman’s Guide to Navigating the Ph.D. in Engineering and Science. IEEE Press (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.), New York, NY, 105 pp. (ILL)

Leath, A.T. 2006. Academies report explores issues facing women in S&E academe. FYI: The AIP Bulletin of Science Policy News (American Institute of Physics) 118: 3 pp.

Leatherman, C. 1999. $12.7-million judgment in tenure case leaves many academic experts stunned. The Chronicle of Higher Education 45(22), February 5, 1999: A14-A15.

Leder, G.C. 1990. Gender differences in mathematics: An overview. In: Mathematics and Gender (E. Fennema and G.C. Leder, eds.), Teachers College Press, Columbia University, NY, pp. 10–26.

Leder, G.C., and E. Fennema. 1990. Gender differences in mathematics: A synthesis. In: Mathematics and Gender (E. Fennema and G.C. Leder, eds.), Teachers College Press, Columbia University, NY, pp. 188–199.

Lederman, M. 2001. Structuring feminst science. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 437–446.

Lederman, M., and I. Bartsch, editors. 2001. The Gender and Science Reader. Routledge, London, UK, 505 pp. [includes reprints of 35 essays—see individual entries]

Lee H, Noh S. 2003. Educational use of e-mentoring to encourage women into science and engineering. In: Web and Communication Technologies and Internet-Related Social Issues, Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 75–84.

Lee, N.E., and K.G. Schreiber. 1999. The chemistry outreach program: Women undergraduates presenting chemistry to middle school students. Journal of Chemical Education 76(7): 917-918 [outreach program at Simmons College in Boston]

Lee, V.E. and D.T. Burkam. 1996. Gender differences in middle grade science achievement: Subject domain, ability level, and course emphasis. Science Education 80(6): 613–650.

Leggon CB, Pearson W Jr. 1997. The baccalaureate origins of African American female Ph.D. scientists. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 3: 213–224.

Lehrman, S. 2005. Performance without anxiety. Scientific American 292: 36–37. [on Dr. Claude Steele, an African-American and well-known social psychologist, who studies ‘stereotype threat,’ the fear of reinforcing negative stereotypes, which often hampers successes, especially among members of underrepresented groups.]

Leidy LE. 1999. Menopause in evolutionary perspective. In: Evolutionary Medicine {Trevathan WR, Smith EO, McKenna JJ, eds.), Oxford University Press, New York, NY, pp. 407–427.

Leigh, W.A., and M.A. Jimenez. 2002. Women of color health data book. Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, NIH Publication No. 02-4247, 154 pp.

Leipins, R. 1995. Women in agriculture: Advocates for a gendered sustainable agriculture. Australian Geographer 26(2): 118–132.

Leitner, M., and L. Haak. 2003. Is there a shortage of scientists and engineers? AWIS Magazine 32(2): 11–21.

Lemoine W, and Roche M. 1987. ¿Por que la mujer hace ciencia en Venezuela? (Why do women do science in Venezuela?). Acta Científica Venezolana 38(3): 304–310.

Lemoine, W. 1992. Productivity patterns of men and women scientists in Venezuela. Scientometrics 24(2): 281–295.

Lente G. 2005. EURYI: Present procedure risks conflict of interest. Nature 437: 192.

Leo, J. 1994. When "subtle sexism" is a con. U.S. News and World Report 116(5): 23.

Leo, J. 1999. Gender wars redux. U.S. News and World Report 126(7) (Feb. 22, 1999): 24 [an editorial on the work of Judith Kleinfeld, who has worked to debunk the 1992 AAUW report, How Schools Shortchange Girls. See also AAUW, 1992; Kleinfeld, 1998, 1999; Weinman, 1998]

Lerner, M.J. 1975. The justice motive in social behavior: Introduction. Journal of Social Issues 31(3): 1–19.

Leslie, L.L., G.T. McClure and R.L. Oaxaca. 1998. Women and minorities in science and engineering: A life sequence analysis. The Journal of Higher Education 69(3): 239–276.

Leslie MW. 2005. Women learn how to pierce the 'polycarbonate ceiling' in chemistry careers. EurekAlert! 2005(21 Sept): 1 pp. [Available on-line, http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-09/uoo-wlh092105.php]

Leta J, Lewison G. 2003. The contribution of women in Brazilian science: A case study in astronomy, immunology and oceanography. Scientometrics 57(3): 339–353.

Levelt Sengers J, Sharma M, Co-chairs, Advisory Panel, InterAcademy Council. 2006. Women for Science: An Advisory Report. InterAcademy Council, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 74 pp.

Levine, J.A., R. Weisell, S. Chevassus, C.D. Martinez, B. Burlingame, and W.A. Coward. 2001. The work burden of women. Science 294: 812 [a study of agricultural communities in the Ivory Coast]

Levy, D. 1992. Bridging tribal, technological worlds. Science 258: 1231. [Report on Native Americans in science. Part of a special issue on women and minorities edited by E. Culotta.]

Lewin MR. 2003. Pregnancy, parenthood, and family leave during residency. Annals of Emergency Medicine 41(4): 568–573.

Lewis, A.L., T.K. Altheide, A. Varki, K. Arden and N.M. Varki. 2005. Combining parenting and a science career. Science 307: 1720. [a Letter to the Editor in response to an article by Bhattacharjee, “Family matters: Stopping the tenure clock may not be enough.” See other letters by Djerassi, 2005; Peekna, 2005]

Lewis D. 2006. Stereotype threat: A clarification (Letter to the editor). Science 312: 1311–1312. [also see letter to the editor about this paper by L.J. Stricker 2006]

Lewis, R. 2000. Reevaluating sex reassignment. The Scientist 14(14): 6, 13 ["Evidence supports nature over nurture in establishing gender identity"]

Lewis RJ. 2003. Some thoughts regarding gender issues in the mentoring of future academicians. Academic Emergency Medicine 10(1): 59–61.

Lewison G. 2001. The quantity and quality of female researchers: A bibliometric study of Iceland. Scientometrics 52(1): 29–43.

Lewison G, Lipworth S, Rippon I, Roe P, Cottrell R. 2003. Geographical equity between outputs of biomedical research grants and research capability as an indicator of the peer-review process for grant applications. Research Evaluation 12(3): 225–230.

Leysen, B. 1996. Medicalization of menopause: from 'feminine forever' to 'healthy forever'. In: Between Monsters, Goddesses and Cyborgs: Feminist Confrontations with Science, Medicine and Cyberspace (N. Lykke and R. Braidotti R, eds.), Zed Books, London, UK, pp. 173–191.

Lie, S.S., and V.E. O’Leary, eds. 1990. Storming the Tower: Women in the Academic World. Kogan Page, London, Nichols/GP Publishing, NY, 250 pp. (KU library) [not about women in science per se, but about number of women faculty in general]

Lieberman, M.D., A. Hariri, J.M. Jarcho, N.I. Eisenberger, and S.Y. Bookheimer. 2005. An fMRI investigation of race-related amygdala activity in African-American and Caucasian-American individuals. Nature Neuroscience 8: 720–722. [a study that looked at brain activity, specifically the amygdala (which responds to emotion) while U.S. subjects looked at photos of blacks and whites. They discuss cultural learning of racism in light of this study.]

Ligata, N., and M. Adamczeski. 2000. Perspectives from a female undergraduate student on successfully integrating learning and researching science with leading organic chemistry workshops. In: Women Succeeding in the Sciences: Theories and Practices across Disciplines (Jody Bart, ed.), Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, IN, pp. 139–148.

Lindley, J.T., M. Fish and J. Jackson. 1992. Gender differences in salaries: An application to academe. Southern Economic Journal 59(2): 241–259.

Linzer M, McMurray JE, Visser MRM, Oort FJ, Smets EMA, de Haes HCJM. 2002. Sex differences in physician burnout in the United States and the Netherlands. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 57(4): 191–193.

Lips HM. 2005. The gender wage gap: Debunking the rationalizations. Women’s Media.com, 4 pp. [http://www.womensmedia.com/new/Lips-Hilary-gender-wage-gap.shtml]

Lipson, J. 2001. Pay equity: Fact or fiction? AAUW Outlook 95(2): 14–19.

Lipson, J. 2005. The greatest honor. AAUW Outlook 99: 6–9. [an interview with Madeleine Albright, Secretary of State during the Clinton Administration and recipient of the AAUW Achievement Award in 2005]

Lister T. 1995. Will there be pink jobs and blue jobs in Canadian mining? Geoscience Canada 21(3): 132–134.

Lively, K. 2000. Women in charge. The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 16, 2000: A33-A35 ["More elite universities hire female provosts, creating a new pool for presidential openings."]

Lloyd, B., and G. Duveen. 1993. Gender Identities and Education: The Impact of Starting School. Harvester Wheatsheaf (St. Martin’s Press), Hemel Hempstead, Herts., UK, 197 pp.

Lloyd, E.A. 1996. Pre-theoretical assumptions in evolutionary explanations of female sexuality. In: Feminism and Science (E.F. Keller and H.E. Longino, eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 91–102.

Lobel, S. 2004. Working part time after tenure. Academe 90: 35–38.

Loder, N. 1998. …as African women get research career boost. Nature 396(6712): 610.

Loder, N. 1999. British drive for more women in science. Nature 398: 4 [news article]

Loder, N. 1999. Husbands a drag to high-flying physicists. Nature 398(6725): 273.

Loder, N. 1999. Supernetwork to boost women in science. Nature 400: 202 [news article on a meeting of 70 organizations on women in science]

Loder, N. 1999. Gender discrimination 'undermines science.' Nature 402(6760): 337.

Loder, N. 2000. US science shocked by revelations of sexual discrimination. Nature 405(6787): 713–714. [special section of Nature on women in science; report on the aftermath of the MIT disclosures].

Lodish HF. 1993. Women in science '93: A "female style"? (Letter to the editor). Science 261(5120): 409.

Loevy, H.T., and A.A. Kowitz. 1999. Dental education for women dentists in the United States: The beginnings. Quintessence International 30: 563–569.

Lombardi JV. 2005. The faculty salary game. Inside Higher Ed 2005(August 5): 4 pp. [Available on-line, http://insidehighered.com/views/2005/08/05/lombardi]

Long JR. 2002. Women still lag in academic ranks. Chemical and Engineering News: Education 80(38): 110–111.

Long, J.S. 1990. The origins of sex differences in science. Social Forces 68(4): 1297–1315. [on differences in productivity and position between male and female scientists in the U.S.]

Long, J.S. 1993. Women in science. Part 1. The productivity puzzle. Current Contents 9: 3–5. [response to Tilghman's 1993 editorial in the NY Times see below). Discussion of numbers of publications and citations of papers authored by female scientists.]

Long, J.S. 1993. Measures of sex differences in scientific productivity. The Scientist 7(4): 3–14.

Long, J.S., ed. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 340 p. [edited by J.S. Long; written by the National Research Council Panel for the Study of Gender Differences in Career Outcomes of Science and Engineering Ph.D.s, National Research Council; an analysis of the figures on doctoral graduates; available on-line at www.nap.edu]

Long, J.S., and M.F. Fox. 1995. Scientific careers: Universalism and particularism. Annual Review of Sociology 21: 45–71. [on the career attainments of women and minorities in science, and an analysis of some causes of differences in achievement]

Long, J.S., and R. McGinnis. 1981. Organizational context and scientific productivity. American Sociological Review 46: 422–442.

Longenecker, M. 1997. Women, ecology, and the environment: An introduction. In: Women, Ecology and the Environment (special issue of National Women's Studies Association Journal) (M. Longenecker, ed.) 9(3): 1–17.

Longino, H.E. 2002. Subjects, power, and knowledge: Description and prescription in feminist philosophies of science. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 310–321. [reprinted from Feminist Epistemologies, L. Alcoff and E. Potter, eds., Routledge, New York, NY, 1993, pp. 101, 103-120]

Louis, L. 2006. The X-Gals alliance: Nine female biologists begin a series on the personal and professional challenges of life in academic science. The Chronicle of Higher Education 2006(Oct. 4): C1, C4.

Lowe, M. 1981. Cooperation and competition in science. International Journal of Women's Studies 4(4): 362–368.

Lowe, M. 1982. Social bodies: The interaction of culture and women’s biology. In: Biological Woman—The Convenient Myth: A Collection of Feminist Essays and a Comprehensive Bibliography (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), Schenkman Publishing Co. Inc., Cambridge, MA, pp. 91–116.

Lubchenco, J. and B.A. Menge. 1993. Split positions can provide a sane career track—a personal account. Bioscience 43(4): 243-248 [Lubchenco and Menge, husband and wife, recount their personal experience with splitting positions and juggling work and family.]

Luckenbill-Edds L. 2002. The educational pipeline for women in biology: No longer leaking? BioScience 52(6): 513–521.

Luders, E., K.L. Narr, P.M. Thompson, D.E. Rex, L. Jancke, H. Steinmetz, and A.W. Toga. 2004. Gender differences in cortical complexity. Nature Neuroscience 7: 799–800. [male vs. female brain structure]

Lumbers, E.R. 1993. Women in science. Today's Life Science 5(12): 8–11. ["Despite the large numbers of women studying science at university, few of them reach senior academic positions or positions of authority in government labs. Eugenie Lumbers asks why, despite progress elsewhere, little has changed for women in science."]

Lumumba-Kasongo M. 2006. My black skin makes my white coat vanish. MSNBC.com Newsweek 2006(Apr. 3): 2 pp.

Lund PK. 2001. Gender equity in biomedical science: Comments from a lone female associate editor. Gastroenterology 121: 243–244.

Lynch, K. 2002. An immodest proposal: Have children in graduate school. The Chronicle of Higher Education 48(39): B5.

MacDonald C. 1994. Women in science (Editorial). Genetic Engineer and Biotechnologist 14(4): 219–220.

MacFarlane A. 1995. The climate of women in the Earth sciences: Chilly or warm?. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 27(6): A196.

MacFarlane, A., and S. Luzzadder-Beach. 1998. Achieving equity between women and men in the geosciences. Geological Society of America Bulletin 110(12): 1590–1614. [Results of a survey of male and female geoscience faculty in the US show that "sex-based inequalities remain in the geosciences in three areas."]

MacIlwain C. 1997. Women researchers take on 'old boys' network'. Nature 388: 504.

Mack, P.E. 2001. What difference has feminism made to engineering in the twentieth century? In: Feminism in Twentieth-Century Science, Technology, and Medicine (A.N.H. Creager, E. Lunbeck and L. Schiebinger, eds.), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp. 149–168.

MacKenzie AH. 2005. Equity in biology education. The American Biology Teacher 67(6): 325–326.

MacNicol M. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1611–1612.

Madden, J.F. 2004. Preface. In: Mommies and Daddies on the Fast Track: Success of Parents in Demanding Professions (J.A. Jacobs and J.F. Madden, eds.), Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 596: 6–18.

Maddox B. 1986. The hard and lonely road to science. 320(6062): 496.

Magrane, D., and J. Lang. 2006. An overview of women in U.S. academic medicine, 2005–06. Association of American Medical Colleges Analysis in Brief 6(7): 1–2.

Major B. 1987. Gender, justice, and the psychology of entitlement. Sex and Gender 7: 124–148.

Malcom SM. 1985. Women in science and engineering—an overview. IEEE Transactions on Education E- 28(4): 190–195.

Malcolm, S.M. 1989. Increasing the participation of black women in science and technology. Sage: A Scholarly Journal on Black Women 6(2): 15–17.

Malcolm, S.M. 1996. Science and diversity: A compelling national interest. Science 271(5257): 1817–1819.

Malcolm, S.M. 1999. Fault lines. Science 284: 1271 ["Why haven't women advanced more in science and engineering?"]

Malveaux, J. 1998. Sisters in science. Black Issues in Higher Education 15(3): 33 [on the number of African- American women in science in higher education]

Mandelbaum, D.R. 1978. Women in medicine. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 4(1): 136–145.

Mann, C. 1995. Women's health research blossoms. Science 269: 766-770 (Filed with Hurtley and Benditt, 1995) [special issue on women's health]

Mann, G.J. and J.S. Omundson. 1994. Publication productivity and promotion of accounting faculty women: a comparative study. Journal of Education for Business 70(1): 17–24.

Manning, J.T., R.L. Trivers, D. Singh and R. Thornhill. 1999. The mystery of female beauty. Nature 399(6733): 214–215.

Manthorpe, C. 1986. Science or domestic science? The struggle to define an appropriate science education for girls in early twentieth-century England. History of Education 15(3): 195–213.

Mänz H, Gossmann G. 2002. Promoting women. EMBO Reports 3(1): 5–8.

Marasco CA. 2003. Numbers of women nudge up slightly. Chemical and Engineering News: Education 81(43): 58–59.

Marasco CA. 2004. No change in numbers of women faculty. Chemical and Engineering News: Education 82(39): 32–33.

Marasco CA. 2005. Mentornet supports women in science: E-mentoring website is dedicated to furthering women's progress in science and technology. Chemical and Engineering News 83(20): 55-56, 58, 60.

Marasco CA. 2005. Women faculty make little progress. Chemical and Engineering News: Education 83(44): 38–39.

Marasco, C.A. 2006. Women faculty gain little ground. Chemical and Engineering News 84(51): 58–59.

Margolis, J., and A. Fisher. 2002. Unlocking the Clubhouse: Women in Computing. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 172 pp. (KU library)

Margolis J, Fisher A, Miller F. 2000. The anatomy of interest: Women in undergraduate computer science. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 104–127.

Markham WT, Bonjean CM, Corder J. 1986. Gender, out-of-town travel, and occupational advancement. Sociology and Social Research 70: 156–160.

Marks AR. 2005. Sex and the university system. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 115(4): 790.

Marrett, C.B. 1979. On the evolution of women's medical societies. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 53: 434–448.

Marshall E. 2005. Clinical trials: Keeping score on the sexes. Science 308(5728): 1571.

Marshall E. 2005. From dearth to deluge: The charge that women were being excluded from clinical studies led to the Women's Health Initiative; it produced a flood of data and controversy. Science 308(5728): 1570–1572.

Marshall, H. 2001. Sowing the seeds of change. Science Next Wave, 14 December 2001, http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/, ∼3 pp.

Marshall, J.A., and J.T. Dorward. 1997. The effect of introducing biographical material on women scientists into the introductory physics curriculum. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 3: 279–294.

Marshall M. 1993. The Wizard from Oz meets the Wicked Witch of the East: Freeman, Mead, and ethnographic authority. American Ethnologist 20(3): 604–617. [Derek Freeman proposed that Margaret Mead, an early anthropologist, had been hoaxed by villagers when she did the research for her seminal work, Coming of Age in Samoa]

Martin, E. 1996. The egg and the sperm: How science has constructed a romance based on stereotypical male-female roles. In: Feminism and Science (E.F. Keller and H. Longino, eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 103-120 (reprinted from Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 16(3), 1991)

Martin, M.P., and J.D. Williams. 1979. Effects of statewide salary equity provisions on institutional salary policies: A regression analysis. In: Salary Equity: Detecting Sex Bias in Salaries among College and University Professors (T.R. Pezzullo and B.E. Brittingham, eds.), Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, pp. 57–67.

Martin PY. 1982. 'Fair science': Test or assertion? A response to Cole's 'Women in science'. Sociological Review 30(3): 478–508. [Commentary on J.R. Cole’s book, Fair Science: Women in the Scientific Community, The Free Press, NY, 1979]

Martinson, Jane. 1994. Keen at seven, lost by eleven. Times Educational Supplement 4055: 14.

Marts, S. 1996. Changing careers: How does one go about it? The Bulletin, Sigma Delta Epsilon 58(2): 1, 4.

Marts, S.A. 1999. Sex-based biology: Sex and gene expression. AWIS Magazine 28(3): 4–6. [on sex differences and their importance in understanding women's health]

Mason, H. 1991. Why shouldn't women have it all? New Scientist 131(1786): 10.

Mason, J. 1991. A forty years' war. Chemistry in Britain 27: 233–238. [on the struggle to admit women to the Chemical Society in Great Britain; they were finally admitted in 1920]

Mason J. 1992. Women in science: Breaking the circle. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 46(1): 177–182.

Mason, J. 1992. The admission of the first women to the Royal Society of London. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 46(2): 279–300. [the story of Kathleen Lonsdale and Marjory Stephenson, who were elected to the Royal Society in the 1940's]

Mason M.A., and M. Goulden. 2002. Do babies matter? The effect of family formation on the lifelong careers of academic men and women. Academe 88(6): 21–27.

Mason M.A., and M. Goulden. 2004. Do babies matter (part II)? Closing the baby gap. Academe 90(6): 11–15.

Mason, M.A., and M. Goulden. 2004. Marriage and baby blues: redefining gender equity in the academy. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 596: 86–103. Special issue, "Mommies and Daddies on the Fast Track: Success of Parents in Demanding Professions," (J.A. Jacobs and J.F. Madden, eds.).

Masood, E. 1998. 'Soft option' for women gets sharp riposte. Nature 396(6708): 295. [news article on campaign in Britain to get more women in science]

Masood, E. 2005. Women at work. Nature 433: 452–453. [“Pakistan’s traditional ways have blocked many women’s careers in science. But… women are now fighting for their rights, both in life and in research.”]

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2001. Leaders of 9 universities and 25 women faculty meet at MIT, agree to equity reviews. MIT News http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/nr/2001/gender.html (4 pp.) and genderstatement.html (1 p.)

Massey, W.E. 1992. A success story amid decades of disappointment. Science 258: 1177–1180. [Massey is the first African-American to be director of the National Science Foundation. Part of a special issue on women and minorities edited by E. Culotta.]

Mastroianni, A.C., R. Faden and D. Federman, eds. 1994. Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies, Volume 2 - Workshop and Commissioned Papers. National Academy Press, Washington, DC 247 p. [See individual papers under Bird; Gamble and Bluestein; Johnson and Fee; Mitchell; and Weisman and Cassard]

Mathias-Riegel, B. 2004. A chair in your future (teaching toolbox). ASEE Prism Online 13(9), 4 pp. (American Society for Engineering Education) [on the number of women who are deparment chair in engineering]

Mattern, N., and C. Schau. 2002. Gender differences in science attitude-achievement relationships over time among white middle-school students. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 39(4): 324–340.

Mattis, M., and J. Allyn. 1991. Women scientists in industry. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 143–155. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Mau, R.Y. 1993. Barriers to higher education for Asian/Pacific-American females. In: Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective (Glazer JS, Bensimon EM, Townsend BK, eds.), Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, pp. 343–354.

Maurer, T.J., and M.A. Taylor. 1994. Is sex enough by itself? An exploration of gender bias issues in performance appraisal. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 60(2): 231–251.

Mayberry, M., B. Subramaniam, and L.H. Weasel, editors. 2001. Feminist Science Studies: A New Generation. Routledge, New York, NY, 354 pp. [feminist science studies seeks to integrate science and feminist theories, especially in teaching; see individual articles under Baker et al.; Cabré; Jackson; Kinsman; Phillips and Hausbeck; Weasel et al.]

Mayrand SH, Root D, and Olmstead L. 2001. Women in Science Conference: Networking women scientists, students and teachers. Molecular Biology of the Cell 12(Suppl.): 93a. McArthur LC. 1998. Report: The portrayal of women in science books for junior readers. Science Communication 20(2): 247–261.

McBurney, D.H., S.J.C. Gaulin, T. Devineni and C. Adams. 1997. Superior spatial memory of women: Stronger evidence for the gathering hypothesis. Evolution and Human Behavior 18: 165–174.

McCarthy L. 2003. Idealists or pragmatists? Progressives and separatists among Australian medical women, 1900–1940. Social History of Medicine 16(2): 263–282.

McCarthy, M.M. 2006. Bias was built into research from the beginning (Letter to the editor). Nature 442(7102): 510. [letter in response to paper by Barres, 2006, “Does gender matter?”]

McCormack, R.L., and M.M. McLeod. 1988. Gender bias in the predictions of college course performance. Journal of Educational Measurement 25(4): 321–331.

McDermott R. 2001. A century of Margaret Mead. Teachers College Record 103(5): 843–867. [Margaret Mead was an early anthropologist who worked in the southwest Pacific]

McDonald, K.A. 1999. Citing the rising influence and power of women, 2 anthropologists ponder the future of men. The Chronicle of Higher Education 45(37), May 21, 1999: A17-A18.

McDonald, K.A. 1999. Studies of women's health produce a wealth of knowledge on the biology of gender differences. The Chronicle of Higher Education 45(42), June 25, 1999: A19, A22 McDowell, J.M., and J.K. Smith. 1992. The effect of gender-sorting on propensity to coauthor: Implications for academic promotion. Economic Inquiry 30(1): 68–82.

McIntosh, P. 1988. White privilege and male privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondences through work in women’s studies. Working Paper No. 189, Wellesley College, Center for Research on Women, Wellesley, MA, 19 p. McIntosh, P. 1989. White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack. Peace and Freedom, July/August: 10–12.

McIntosh, P. 1990. White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack. Independent School (publ. by National Association of Independent Schools), Winter 1990, pp. 31–36.

McKarney, L. 2002. Becoming leaders: A refreshing look at women in STEM. Science Next Wave 30 August 2002 [http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/08/28/3?] [STEM = science, technology, engineering and mathematics]

McMurray JE, Angus G, Cohen M, Gavel P, Harding J, Horvath J, Paice E, Schmittdiel J, Grumbach K. 2002. Women in medicine: A four-nation comparison. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 57(4): 185–190.

McNair R. 2003. Outing lesbian health in medical education. Women and Health 37(4): 89–103.

McNeil, L., and M. Sher. 2001. The dual-career-couple problem. AWIS Magazine 30(3): 10-14 [reprinted from Physics Today 52(7), July 1999]

McSweeney FK, Swindell S. 1998. Women in the experimental analysis of behavior. The Behavior Analyst 21(2): 193–202. [an analysis of whether women are treated equitably by examining authorship and editors in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior; see also response to this paper by Odum, 2000 and reply by McSweeney and Swindell, 2001]

McSweeney FK, Swindell S. 2001. The glass ceiling is not fragile: A response to Odum (2000). The Behavior Analyst 24: 87–93. [a reponse to Odum’s commentary; see original paper by McSweeney and Swindell, 1998]

Mead S. 2006. The Truth about Boys and Girls: The Evidence Suggests Otherwise. Education Sector, Washington, DC, 21 pp. available online: www.educationsector.org [a report on girls’ and boys’ performance in school. The evidence is that boys are doing worse in school, but that girls are doing better.]

Measor, L., and P. Sikes. 1992. Gender and Schools. Cassell, London, UK, 184 pp.

Medical Data International, Inc. 1999. Docs exploring sex differences in reactions to drugs. Medical Industry Today 18 May 1999 [news report on research by R.L. Woosley and others about sex differences in responding to drugs, especially those that can cause irregular heartbeat]

Meinert, C.L. 1995. The inclusion of women in clinical trials. Science 269: 795-796 (Filed with Hurtley and Benditt, 1995). Meinert, C.L. 2001. The inclusion of women in clinical trials. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 303–306.

Mellish DL. 1988. Women in science (Letter to the editor). Chemical and Engineering News 66(4): 2.

Mendelsohn ME, and Karas RH. 2005. Molecular and cellular basis of cardiovascular gender differences. Science 308(5728): 1583–1587.

Mendoza, E.M. (Commission Chair), K.O. Johnson (Vice-Chair) and CAWMSET. 2000. Land of Plenty: Diversity as America's Competitive Edge in Science, Engineering and Technology. Report of the Congressional Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering and Technology Development (CAWMSET), National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, 104 pp. http://www.nsf.gov/od/cawmset/report.htm

Merchant, C. 1980. The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution. Harper & Row, Publishers, San Francisco, CA, 348 pp. [discusses a change in philosophy, coinciding with the scientific revolution, of our views of nature—from something which was respected and even worshipped to our current view that nature is something to be overcome or subjugated]

Merian, M.S. 2003. Maria Sibylla Merian: New Book of Flowers. Wynne C., ed., Prestel, Munich, Germany, 93 pp. [Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717) traveled to Surinam (today, part of Guyana and French Guiana, on the north coast of South America) in 1699 with her daughter to collect and paint insects and plants. She spent two years there, only leaving when her health deteriorated. Her paintings of pineapple and citron were reproduced on 32¢ U.S. stamps in 1998.

Merkatz, R.B. 1997. Including women in clinical trials: Policy changes at the Food and Drug Administration. In: Women’s Health Research: A Medical and Policy Primer (F.P. Haseltine and B.G. Jacobson, eds.), Health Press International, Washington, DC, pp. 265–284.

Merton, R.K. 1968. The Matthew effect in science. Science 159: 56–63. [The Matthew effect happens when a junior person publishes or works with a senior person and the senior person gets the credit. See also a discussion of this phenomenon as it relates to women in Rossiter, 1993]

Merton, R.K. 1988. The Matthew Effect in science, II. Cumulative advantage and the symbolism of intellectual property. Isis 79(4): 606–623.

Mervis, J. 1999. Efforts to boost diversity face persistent problems. Science 284: 1757-1759 ["More groups are going to bat for under represented minorities in science and engineering. But can they do better than past efforts to make a difference?"]

Mervis, J. 2000. Diversity: Easier said than done. Science 289: 378-379 ["A new U.S. commission on women, minorities, and people with disabilities offers a strong call to action. But translating similar words into deeds in the past has proven to be quite difficult."].

Mervis, J. 2000. NSF searches for right way to help women. Science 289: 379-381 ["With targeted programs a political no-no, the National Science Foundation is betting that letting everyone participate will mean greater progress for women."]

Mervis, J. 2001. New data in chemistry show “zero” diversity. Science 292: 1291–1292.

Mervis J. 2001. Gender equity: NSF program targets institutional change. Science 291(5511): 2063–2064. [on the NSF ADVANCE program to improve career prospects for women in science]

Mervis, J. 2001. Men still have edge in U.S. science careers. Science 294: 2067. [news item on a report by a National Research Council panel on gender differences]

Mervis, J. 2002. Can equality in sports be repeated in the lab? Science 298: 356. [a news article on the suggestion that Title IX, which prohibits sex discrimination by educational institutions, should be applied to science as well as sports in order to achieve more participation by women in sports]

Mervis, J. 2003. NSF, academics told to act as if they mean it. Science 301: 1030–1031. [news article on a conference about 'what works' to increase the representation of women and minorities in science. It lists 9 elements that characterize university programs that have been successful in increasing diversity in science and engineering.]

Mervis, J. 2004. National Insitutes of Health: Male sweep of new award raises question of bias. Science 306: 595.

Mervis J. 2005. Six women among 13 NIH 'Pioneers'. Science 309: 2149. [Six women won the prestigious NIH Pioneer awards in 2005; no women won in 2004.]

Mervis JD. 2005. It's still a man's world at the top of big pharma research. Science 309(5753): 724. [on the low numbers of women in large pharmaceutical firms; also see Letter to the Editor on this article by Rhodes, 2005]

Mervis J. 2006. NIH told to get serious about giving minorities a hand. Science 311: 328–329.

Mervis J. 2006. Progress on hiring women science faculty members stalls at MIT. Science 312: 347.

Mervis J. 2006. Report urges national academies to improve status of women. Science 312: 1859.

Meskin LH. 1991. Where the women are or where are the women? Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA) 122(13): 8–10.

Messenger, S., A. Graybeal and K. Mingo. 1996. Report on the conference "Women in Evolution: A gathering of scientific perspectives." Systematic Biology 45(4): 613–617. [report on the conference plus some data on numbers of women receiving Ph.D.'s, employed a full professors, and employed part time]

Meyers N. 1983. No home from home in Israel . Nature 306(5939): 104. [on the low number of women academics in Israel]

Mickelson, R.A. 1992. Why does Jane read and write so well? The anomaly of women’s achievement. In: Education and Gender Equality (J. Wrigley, ed.), The Falmer Press, London, UK, pp. 149–172.

Middlecamp, C.H. 2002. Culturally inclusive chemistry. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 112–124. [reprinted from Teaching the Majority, S. Rosser, ed., Teachers College Press, New York, NY, 1995, pp. 79-97]

Mielczarek, E.V. 2006. On the lack of women in academic science (Letter to the editor). Science 314: 592.

Milburn, R.H. 1999. Tenured women in academia (letter to the editor). Science 286(5449): 2451. [Letter to the editor in response to Lawler’s 1999 paper; see also response by Lawler, 1999]

Milliken KL, Eustice RA. 1995. Historical data on graduate-level participation of women in a large geoscience department. Journal of Geological Education 43: 221–226.

Miller, A., and H. Sevener. 2005. Identifying and correcting gender imbalance: a success story. AWIS Magazine 34: 21–23. [on the Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University]

Miller, D.W., and R. Wilson. 1999. MIT acknowledges bias against female faculty members. The Chronicle of Higher Education 45(30), April 2, 1999: A18. [news report on study of sex bias at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology] [see also Holden, 1999; Goldberg, 1999; Hopkins, 1999 and Hopkins and Potter, 1999]

Miller G. 2005. Poor countries, added perils for women. Science 308(5728): 1576–1577.

Miller, G.Y. 1998. Earnings, feminization, and consequences for the future of the veterinary profession. JAVMA 213(3): 340-344 [increasing numbers of women in veterinary medicine and data on their lower earnings than men.]

Miller, J.A., and R. Perrucci. 2005. Body stories (editors' note). Contemporary Sociology 34(4): vii-ix. Miller, M. 2005. Acceptance speech, AWG Outstanding Educator Award Winner 2005. Gaea (Newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists) 28(6): 5. [Dr. Miller is a geologist who does research in Antarctica and teaches at Vanderbilt University]

Miller PH, Rosser SV, Benigno JP, Ziesniss ML. 2000. A desire to help others: Goals of high-achieving female science undergraduates. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 128–142.

Miller, S.K. 1992. Asian-Americans bump against glass ceilings. Science 258: 1224–1228. [Part of a special issue on women and minorities edited by E. Culotta.]

Miller, S.K. 1993. Minorities move from lab rats to policy wonks. Science 262: 1101–1102. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Mills College Women's Leadership Institute Steering Committee. 1995? Advancing women's leadership in science: An action plan to the year 2000. Mills Women's Leadership Institute, 32 pp. [suggestions, recommendations for the opportunity for women to advance in scientific leadership]

Mims FM III. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1614.

Mitchell, A. 1999. UK women lead the way on interdisciplinary research. Nature 397(6717): 282.

Mitchell, J.L. 1994. Recruitment and retention of women of color in clinical studies. In: Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies, Volume 2 - Workshop and Commissioned Papers (Mastroianni, A.C., R. Faden and D. Federman, eds.), National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 52–56.

Mlinaric-Rascan I. 2001. Comment on the interview with Ken-ichi Arai in EMBO reports, July 2001. EMBO Reports 2(10): 860. [on the numbers of women in science in Japan]

Moke S. 1996. Parents or professionals—do women have to choose?. Majority Report 9(4): 5 pp. [available online: http://www.indiana.edu/~owa/mjreport/96_aprmr.html#parents]

Moneta ME. 1990. Women in science (Letter to the editor). Nature 343(6253): 10. [on women in science in Germany]

Mongella, G. 1995. Global approaches to the promotion of women's health. Science 269: 789–790. (Filed with Hurtley and Benditt 1995) [special issue on women's health]

Monhardt RM, Tillotson JW, Veronesi PD. 1999. Same destination, different journeys: A comparison of male and female views on becoming and being a scientist. International Journal of Science Education 21(5): 533–551.

Monosson, E., ed. 2008. Motherhood, the Elephant in the Laboratory: Women Scientists Speak Out. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 219 pp. [A series of essays on the challenges of being mothers in the scientific workforce written by women who balance science careers and motherhood.]

Moody, J.B. 1989. Women and science: their critical move together into the 21st Century. Feminists in Science and Technology 2(2): 4-5, 10–14. [overcoming discrimination; impact of women in science]

Mooney, C. 2006. Black mathematicians, still a rarity, see light at the end of the pipeline. The Chronicle of Higher Education 53(6): B12-B13,B15.

Moore A. 2002. The biochemistry of beauty. EMBO reports 3(8): 714–717.

Moore KM, Sagaria MAD. 1993. The situation of women in research universities in the United States: Within the inner circles of academic power. In: Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective (Glazer JS, Bensimon EM, Townsend BK, eds.), Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, pp. 227–240.

Morahan P, Bickel J. 2002. Capitalizing on women's intellectual capital in the professions. Academic Medicine 77(2): 110–112.

Morahan PS, Voytko ML, Abbuhl S, Means LJ, Wara DW, Thorson J, Cotsonas CE. 2001. Insuring the success of women faculty at AMCs: Lessons learned from the National Centers of Excellence in Women's Health. Academic Medicine 76(1): 19–31.

Morantz, R.M., and S. Zschoche. 1980. Professionalism, feminism, and gender roles: a comparative study of nineteenth-century medical therapeutics. Journal of American History 67: 568–588.

Morantz-Sanchez, R. 1988. The compassionate professional: historical notes on the woman physician's dilemma. In: Seeing Female: Social Roles and Personal Lives (S.S. Brehm, ed.), Greenwood Press, New York, NY, pp. 113–122.

Morbeck, M.E., A. Galloway and A. Zihlman. 1997. The Evolving Female: A Life-History Perspective, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 332 pp.

Morell, V. 1993. Primatology: Seeing nature through the lens of gender. Science 260: 428-429 (Filed with Benditt, 1993). Morell, V. 1995. Attacking the causes of "silent" infertility. Science 269: 775–777. (Filed with Hurtley and Benditt, 1995) [special issue on women's health]

Morell, V. 1995. Zeroing in on how hormones affect the immune system. Science 269: 773-775 (Filed with Hurtley and Benditt, 1995) [special issue on women's health].

Morell, V. 1996. Computer culture deflects women and minorities. Science 271: 1915–1916. [part of a special issue on women and minorities edited by E. Culotta]

Morgan CS. 1992. College students' perceptions of barriers to women in science and engineering. Youth and Society 24(2): 228–236.

Morin, R. 2006. Women can't do math..or can they? Gaea (Newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists) 29(5): 11.

Morrison Z, Bourke M, Kelley C. 2005. 'Stop making it such a big issue': Perceptions and experiences of gender inequality by undergraduates at a British university. Women's Studies International Forum 28: 150–162.

Morrissey S. 2004. Ensuring inclusion of women in science. Chemical and Engineering News 82(35): 20.

Morse, M. 1995. Women Changing Science: Voices from a Field in Transition. Insight Books, Plenum Press, NY, 291 pp.

Motluk, A. 1997. Sex bias study shocks world. New Scientist 154(2083): 4 [a report on the study by Wenneras and Wold on post-doctoral fellowships in Sweden]

Motluk, A. 1999. Sexism takes its toll. New Scientist 163(2202): 6 [report on a paper presented at the American Psychological Association meeting on sexist advertising and women's test scores]

Moyal A, and E. Newland. 1991. Women in science in Australia (Letter to the editor). The Medical Journal of Australia 154(3): 223. [request for information for collected biographies of women in science and medicine in Australia]

Mulder, M.B. 2004. Are men and women really so different? TREE (Trends in Ecology and Evolution) 19(1): 3–6. [an anthropological study on mate preferences in men and women, which calls into question standard models on sexual selection and mating systems.]

Mulder, P.H. 1999. Salary inequities at USF. Gaea 22(1): 1, 3–4. [Gaea is the newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists; a report on a class-action suit filed in February 1998 against the University of South Florida by female Full Professors alleging discrimination in salaries.]

Mulkey LM. 1989. Validation of the Early-Childhood attitude toward Women in Science Scale (ECWISS)- a pilot administration . Journal of Research in Science Teaching 26(8): 737–753.

Muller CB, Ride SM, Fouke J, Whitney T, Denton DD, Cantor N, Nelson DJ, Plummer J, et al. 2005. Gender differences and performance in science (Letter to the Editor). Science 307: 1043.

Munro N. 2006. Title IX: Not just for athletes. National Journal 38(12): 50–51.

Muñoz EA, Weaver FS. 1997. "Out of place": Ecuadorian women in science and engineering programs. Latin American Perspectives 24(4): 81–89.

Murphy M. 2003. Chemistry crusader wins the first Rosalind Franklin award. Chemistry and Industry 2003(5): 462.

Murray SO, Darnell R. 2000. Margaret Mead and paradigm shifts within anthropology during the 1920s. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 29(5): 557–573. [Margaret Mead was an early anthropologist who worked in the southwest Pacific]

Musil, C.M. 2006. Gender and academic deans: What do we know?. On Campus with Women 35(2): 2 pp.

Mutima N. 1995. Women in Science and Technology (WIST) - Workshop on professional development and project formulation. Discovery and Innovation 7(2): 104–105.

Nabel, E.G. 2006. The Women's Health Initiative (Editorial). Science 313: 1703.

Nadis S. 1996. Internet mentors seek to bring more women into science . Nature 382(6590): 383. [on a national email mentoring program in the US for girls and women in science]

Nadis, S. 1999. Women scientists unite to battle cowboy culture. Nature 398(6726): 361 [News article on Nancy Hopkins, a biologist at MIT, and her problems being a faculty member there].

Nair, I., and S. Majetich. 1995. Physics and engineering in the classroom. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 25–42.

Nally, T.L. 2002. Can academic research be a family-friendly career? The role of disciplinary societies in shaping workplace policy. Science Next Wave 03 May 2002 [http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/05/02/7]

Narduzzi S. 1990. Keeping women in science (Letter to the editor). Chemical and Engineering News 68(26): 3.

Narrigan, D., J.S. Zones, N. Worcester and M.J. Grad. 1997. Research to improve women’s health: An agenda for equity. In: Women’s Health: Complexities and Differences (S.B. Ruzek, V.L. Olesen and A.E. Clarke, eds.), Ohio State University Press, Columbus, OH, pp. 551–579.

Nassar, H.F., D.J. Beattie and D.T. Stearns. 2002. The professional experience of women landscape contracting graduates from the Pennsylvania State University. HortTechnology 12(3): 509–512.

Nathanson, C.A., and G. Lorenz. 1982. Women and health: The social dimensions of biomedical data. In: Women in the Middle Years: Current Knowledge and Directions for Research and Policy (sponsored by the Social Science Research Council; J.Z. Giele, ed.), John Wiley, New York, NY, pp. 37–87.

National Academy of Sciences, USA. 2000. Who Will do the Science of the Future? A Symposium on Careers of Women in Science. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 87 pp.

National Research Council. 1996. Student guide to research-doctorate programs in the United States. National Academy Press, 250 pp.

National Research Council, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, Griffiths PA, chair. 1996. Careers in science and engineering: A student planning guide to graduate school and beyond. National Academy Press, 70 pp.

National Research Council, Committee on Women in Science and Engineering. 1999. Career characteristics of doctorate recipients: agricultural sciences, biological sciences, physical sciences, social and behavioral sciences. (handout at National Academy of Sciences Symposium, April 1999).

National Science Board, Committee on Education and Human Resources. 2003. The Science and Engineering Workforce: Realizing America's Potential. National Science Foundation, NSF 03-69, 77 pp.

National Science Board, Committee on Education and Human Resources, G. Langford, chair. 2003. Broadening participation in science and engineering research and education: workshop proceedings. National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, 77 pp.

National Science Board, Commitee on Education and Human Resources, E. Hoffman, Chair. 2004. Broadening Participation in Science and Engineering Faculty (Board Report). NSB04-41, 7 pp.

National Science Foundation. 1986. Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering. NSF Publication No. 86-301, Arlington, VA, 182 pp. [3rd report in a biennial series]

National Science Foundation. 1990. Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering. NSF Publication No. 90-301, Arlington, VA, 166 pp. [5th report in a biennial series]

National Science Foundation. 1992. Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering: An Update. NSF Publication No. 92-303, Arlington, VA, 198 pp. [6th report in a biennial series]

National Science Foundation. 1994. Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 1994. NSF Publication No. 94-333, Arlington, VA, 404 pp. [7th report in a biennial series]

National Science Foundation. 1996. Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 1996. National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, NSF 96-311, 284 pp. [8th report in a biennial series]

National Science Foundation. 1997. Women & Science: Celebrating Achievements, Charting Challenges. Conference Report. NSF Publication No. 97-75, Arlington, VA, 155 pp. (available on-line at: http://www.nsf.gov/pubsys/ods/getpub.cfm?nsf9775) National Science Foundation. 1999. Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 1998. National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, NSF 99-338, 330 pp. [9th report in a biennial series]

National Science Foundation. 2000. Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2000. National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, NSF 00-327, 254 pp. [10th report in a biennial series]

National Science Foundation. 2002. NSF's Program for Gender Equity in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: A Brief Retrospective 1993–2001. National Science Foundation, NSF 02- 107, 27 pp.

National Science Foundation. 2003. Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2002. National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, NSF 03-312, 291 pp. [NOTE: most NSF publications are available on-line at www.nsf.gov] [all the numbers on women, minorities and persons with disabilities in science in our country, including precollege, university and graduate enrollments, degrees conferred, test scores, courses taken, employment status, employment trends, etc. Also accompanied by an extensive text explaining and expanding upon the numbers. This is the 11th report in this biennial series. I also have 4 of the previous reports for comparison: 1994, 1992, 1990, and 1986. ]

National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics. 2003. Gender differences in the careers of academic scientists and engineers: A literature review. National Science Foundation 03-322: 1–22. [although published in June, 2003, much of the literature is more than 10 years old and the most recent data cited are from 1993]

National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resource Statistics, J.T. Bentley, D.E. Wise, Mathtech, Inc., and A.I. Rapoport (Project Officer). 2004. Gender differences in the careers of academic scientists and engineers: Special report. National Science Foundation 04-323: 174 pp.

National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resource Statistics. 2004. Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering 2004. National Science Foundation 04-317: 292 pp.

National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resource Statistics. 2007. Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2007. National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, 316 pp.

Navetta, J.M. 2005. Gains in learning: gaps in earning. AAUW Outlook 99: 11–13.

Nelson, D. 2002. A look at engineering. AWIS Magazine 31(2): 32–38. [A column entitled "Diversity in Academia"]

Nelson, D. 2003. Faculty diversity in mathematics departments at the "top 50" research universities: use congressional guidance. AWIS Magazine 31(3): 42–46.

Nelson, D.J. 2001. Constancy in chemistry. Effects on females and minorities. AWIS Magazine 30(2): 10–16.

Nelson, D.J. 2001. Diversity in the physical sciences. AWIS Magazine 31(1): 28–32.

Nelson, D.J., and D.C. Rogers. 2004. A national analysis of diversity in science and engineering faculties at research universities. Dr. Donna Nelson, Dept of Chemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 36 pp. [report available from: http://www.now.org/issues/diverse/diversity_report.pdf

Nelson L. 1990. Bibliography: Gender, race, class and science. Transformations 1(1): 43–51.

Nelson, L.H. 2002. Epistemological communities. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kournay, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 322–339.

Nemecek, S. 2000. The second abortion pill. Scientific American 283(6): 16–17. ["Mifepristone—a.k.a. RU 486—is anticipated to boost access to abortion. Based on the history of an older pill, it might not."]

Ness RB, Ukoli F, Hunt S, Kiely SC, McNeil MA, Richardson V, Weissbach N, Belle SH. 2000. Salary equity among male and female internists in Pennsylvania. Annals of Internal Medicine 133: 104–110.

Neubauer U. 2001. Women and science in Europe: An academic pipeline in need of repair. Nachrichten aus der Chemie 49(2): 161–163.

Neuman S. 2003. Systemic discrimination and the Canada Research Chairs: Diagnosis and treatment. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 26(1): 35–37. [the Canada Research Chairs were prestigious, endowed faculty chairs]

Newton JT, Thorogood N, and Gibbons DE. 2000. A study of the career development of male and female dental practitioners. British Dental Journal 188: 90–94.

Nicol, S. 2007. Women over-winterers in Svalbard, 1898–1941. Polar Record 43: 49–53. [Svalbard is an group of islands in the Arctic north of Norway]

Nidiffer J. 2003. From whence they came: The contexts, challenges, and courage of early women administrators in higher education. In: Gendered Futures in Higher Education: Critical Perspectives for Change, Ropers-Huilman B, eds., State University of New York Press (SUNY), Albany, NY, pp. 15–34.

Nieves-Squires, S. 1991. Hispanic Women: Making Their Presence on Campus Less Tenuous. Project on the Status and Education of Women, American Association of Colleges, Washington, DC, 14 pp. [reprinted in Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective, J.S. Glazer, E.M. Bensimon and B.K. Townsend, eds., Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, 1993, pp. 205-225]

Noble, B.E. 2000. Politics, gender, and worldly primatology: The Goodall-Fossey nexus. In: Primate Encounters: Models of Science, Gender, and Society (S.C. Strum and L.M. Fedigan, eds.), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, pp. 436–462.

Noble J. 1993. The higher education of black women in the twentieth century. In: Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective, Glazer JS, Bensimon EM, Townsend BK, eds., Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, pp. 329–336.

Nolan SA, Kuck VJ, Marzabadi CH, Buckner JP. 2003. Where have the women gone? Tracing the path of women in STEM from grad school to academia. American Chemical Society, Abstracts of Papers 225(1): U36.

Nonnemaker, L. 2000. Women physicians in academic medicine: New insights from cohort studies. New England Journal of Medicine 342(6): 399–405. [a study of whether women are more or less likely than men to pursue careers in academic medicine and to advance to the senior ranks of medical school faculties] [attached news article from USA Today of 2/9/2000]

Normile, D. 2001. Women faculty battle Japan's Koza system. Science 291: 817–818.

Normile, D. 2001. Women academics propose steps to equity. Science 292: 416 [on efforts in Japan to increase the number of female academics]

Normile, D. 2005. Japan mulls workforce goals for women. Science 308: 483.

Normile, D. 2006. Getting women scientists back on the career track in Japan. Science 311: 1235–1236.

Nosengo, N. 2003. The quota conundrum. Nature 426: 211 [on the hiring of women faculty at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands]

Nowak, R. 1995. New push to reduce maternal mortality in poor countries. Science 269: 780-782 (Filed with Hurtley and Benditt, 1995) [special issue on women's health]

Nyborg H. 2005. Sex-related differences in general intelligence g, brain size, and social status. Personality and Individual Differences 39(3): 497–509.

Nye RA. 1997. Medicine and science as masculine "fields of honor". In: Women, Gender and Science: New Directions (Kohlstedt SG, Longino HE, eds.), Osiris 12: 60–79.

Oakley, A. 2002. Interviewing women: A contradition in terms. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 136-152 [reprinted from Doing Feminist Research, H. Roberts, ed., Routledge, New York, NY, 1981, pp. 31-61]

O'Connell, S., and M.A. Holmes. 2004. Where are the women geoscience professors? AWIS Magazine 33(1): 11–16.

O'Connell, S., J. Ortiz and J. Morrison. 2003. Connecting with the river. Geotimes 48(9): 14–17. [a special issue of Geotimes, "Diversity in the geosciences," ed. by M. Smith] [on an NSF-supported program to involve high school students from under-represented groups in water research]

Odum AL. 2000. Reflections on the glass ceiling: Women in the experimental analysis of behavior. The Behavior Analyst 23(2): 279–283. [Response to paper by McSweeney and Swindell, 1998; see their answer, McSweeney and Swindell 2001]

O'Farrell, B. 1998. NASA celebrates 20 years: Women, affirmative action, and the US Space Program. AWIS Magazine (Association for Women in Science) 27(4): 11–14.

Office for Women's Affairs, Indiana University, Robinson JC, Dean. 2002. Report on the Status of Women: Indiana University - Bloomington. Office for Women's Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 157 pp.

Ogilvie MB. 1990. Lost heroes. Science 249(4967): 427.

Olden, K. 1993. Bringing science back to the neighborhood. Science 262: 1116. ["Many minority communities consider research irrelevant, so kids do too."] [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Olivas, M.A., ed. 1986. Latino College Students. Teachers College Press, Columbia University, New York, NY, 360 pp. [papers from a 1983 Conference on Latino Students, cosponsored by Educational Testing Service (ETS)]

Olson JA. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1612–1613.

Olsson G. 1999. Kvinna i akademia - gäst vid mannens bord (Women in the university - Guests at the men's table). Nordisk Psykologi 51(1): 59–76. [on applications of males and females to universities in Sweden, and how the applications are differently viewed]

Olsson Y. 2003. Swedish women in science: Towards real equity?. American Chemical Society, Abstracts of Papers 226(1): U37.

Omundson, J.S., and G.J. Mann. 1994. Publication productivity and promotion of accounting faculty women: A comparative study. Journal of Education for Business 70(1): 17-24 Ongley, L.K., and K.B. Osborne. 1997. Geoscience faculty in 1996: Gender, tenure, and specialty. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 29(6): 454. [abstract]

Ongley, L.K., M.W. Bromley and K. Osborne. 1998. Women geoscientists in academe: 1996–1997. GSA Today 8(11): 12–14.

Oppert, B., J. Barrett, and B. Montelone. 1997. Is graduate school in your future? AWIS Magazine 26(3): 30–31. [summary of an annual program for prospective graduate students sponsored by the Kansas Flint Hills Chapter of AWIS, Manhattan, KS]

Opthof T, Coronel R, Janse MJ. 2002. The significance of the peer review process against the background of bias: Priority ratings of reviewers and editors and the prediction of citation, the role of geographical bias. Cardiovascular Research 56: 339–346.

O'Rand, M.G., E.E. Widgren, P. Sivashanmugam, R.T. Richardson, S.H. Hall, F.S. French, C.A. VandeVoort, S.G. Ramachandra, V. Ramesh, and A.J. Rao. 2004. Reversible immunocontraception in male monkeys immunized with Eppin. Science 306: 1189–1190. [on male contaception, women's health, Eppin, immunocontraception, male birth control]

Orans M. 1999. Mead misrepresented. Science 283(5408): 1649–1650. [Derek Freeman proposed that Margaret Mead, an early anthropologist, had been hoaxed by villagers when she did the research for her seminal work, Coming of Age in Samoa]

Orenstein, P., in association with the American Association of University Women. 1994. Schoolgirls: Young Women, Self-Esteem, and the Confidence Gap. Doubleday, NY, 335 pp.

Orenstein, P. 2002. Why science must adapt to women: An elite survivor assesses the hidden costs of exclusion. Discover 23(11): 58-61, 86, 87.

Oreskes N. 1996. Objectivity or heroism? On the invisibility of women in science. Osiris, 2nd Series 11: 87–113.

Öresland S, Jakobsson A, Segesten K. 1999. To see or not to see: Perceptions of equality in a Swedish university hospital. Scandinavian Journal of the Caring Sciences 13: 227–233.

Osborn M. 1992. Prospects for women in science (Letter to the editor). Nature 360(6400): 101. [In response to article: Discrimination against women in science is wrong but so is a quota system, Nature 359: 92, 1992]

Osborn, M. 1994. Status and prospects of women in science in Europe. Science 263: 1389-1391 [Women in Science '94, special section of Science magazine, ed. by J. Benditt].

Osborn M. 2006. Training and working abroad. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 39–58.

Osborne B. 1993. Women in science '93: A "female style"? (Letter to the editor). Science 261(5120): 411.

O'Shaughnessy, T., and P. Bruce. 2002. Making a difference: Sally Ride's Science Club, Science Festivals, and Space Camps. AWIS Magazine 31(2): 14–15. [Dr. Ride is a former astronaut and current physics professor at the University of California. She has formed her own company which works to involve more girls in science.]

Østerlie, W., S. Forsmo, K. Ringdat, B. Schei and O.G. Aasland. 2003. Opplever legene at partnerne er gode støttespillere i yrkeskarrieren? (Do physicians experience spousal support in their medical career?) Tidsskrift for Den Norske Lœgeforening 123(16): 2296–2299. [in Norwegian with English summary]

Otto SP. 2006. Women editors: We need more female scientists (Letter to the editor). Nature 441: 812.

Oudshoorn, N. 2000. The birth of sex hormones. In: Feminism and the Body (L. Schiebinger, ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 87-117 [history of the concept of sex hormones]

Ouellette, J. 2007. When two worlds collide. Nature 445: 700–702. [on scientists in love and dual-career couples]

Over, R. 1994. Recruitment of men and women as academics by Australian universities. Higher Education 27(3): 341–357.

Oyserman D, Harrison K, Bybee D. 2001. Can racial identity be promotive of academic efficacy?. International Journal of Behavioral Development 25(4): 379–385.

Packard BW. 2003. Student training promotes mentoring awareness and action. The Career Development Quarterly 51: 335–345.

Packer, C. 1998. Why menopause? Natural History 107(6): 24–26. [a discussion of the possible evolutionary importance of menopause in primates and lions]

Paik, J.E. 2000. The feminization of medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) 283(5): 666.

Pain S. 2005. Mary through the looking glass. New Scientist 186(2501): 48–49. [on Mary Ward, a 19th century astronomer]

Palepu, A. and C.P. Herbert. 2002. Medical women in academia: The silences we keep. Canadian Medical Association Journal 167(8): 877–879. [on the difficulties of being a female student or faculty member in medical school. Also see letters to the editor and response by the authors subsequently published in CMAJ 168(5): 542, 544, under Hatala et al.].

Paret, A.M. 1991. Women in agricultural graduate study: A follow-up of female graduates of the College of Agriculture at Oklahoma State University from 1985–1989. NACTA Journal 35(1): 46–49.

Park SM. 1996. Research, teaching, and service: Why shouldn't women's work count?. Journal of Higher Education 67(1): 46–84.

Parker, J.D. 1994. Ethnic differences in midwife-attended US births. American Journal of Public Health 84(7): 1139–1141.

Pasqualini CD. 1988. La mujer de ciencia en el Tercer Mundo (Women of science in the Third World) (Editorial). Medicina: Organo de la Sociedad Argentina de Investigacion Clinica 8(6): 709–711.

Pasqualini CD. 2000. La mujer científica. Una visión personal a lo largo de 60 años de investigación. Medicina 60(3): 393–395.

Patterson EC. 1987. Lives of science. Science 236(4804): 989.

Pauly, D. 1994. Essay 24: On the sex of fish and the gender of scientists. In: On the Sex of Fish and the Gender of Scientists: Collected Essays in Fisheries Science. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 172–175. [On the different attitudes about sex differences in fish in female and male aquatic biologist, and a plea for more women in the field]

Pazy A. 1992. Sex-linked bias in promotion decisions: The role of candidate's career relevance and respondent's prior experience. Psychology of Women Quarterly 16: 209–228.

Pearson R. 1985. Women in science and engineering. Nature 315(6014): 84. [‘One of the biggest changes in the employment scene in the second half of this century has been the rising participation of women in the labour market.’]

Peekna, A. 2005. Combining parenting and a science career. Science 307: 1720. [a Letter to the Editor in response to an article by Bhattacharjee, “Family matters: Stopping the tenure clock may not be enough.” See other letters by Djerassi, 2005; Peekna, 2005]

Pell, A.N. 1996. Fixing the leaky pipeline: women scientists in academia. Journal of Animal Science 74: 2843–2848.

Pence, D.J., and J.A. Fields. 1999. Teaching about race and ethnicity: Trying to uncover white privilege for a white audience. Teaching Sociology 27: 150–158.

Peppis, P. 2002. Rewriting sex: Mina Loy, Marie Stopes, and sexology. Modernism/Modernity 9(4): 561–579. [In this case study of two works, a book of avant-garde poetry by Mina Loy, 1915-1917 and Married Love, 1918, a popular science book by Marie Stopes, the author looks at public debate on sex at the time and women’s roles in this debate and in society. Marie Stopes was a paleobotanist and opened the first family planning clinic in Great Britain.]

Perry, E. and L. Perry. 2000. Two academic careers and one fulfilling job. The Chronicle of Higher Education (March 17, 2000) 46(28): B7-B8.

Perrucci, C.C. 1984. Central issues facing women in the science-based professions. In: Women in Scientific and Engineering Professions. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 1–18.

Péter, Rózsa (trans. by L. Harkleroad). 1990. Mathematics is beautiful. The Mathematical Intelligencer 12(1): 58–64. [a translation of a paper delivered in 1963 by Dr. Péter. She was the leading contributor the special theory of recursive functions and an interpreter of mathematics to the public]

Peters, J., N. Lane, T. Rees and G. Samuels. 2002. Set Fair: A Report on Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology from The Baroness Greenfield CBE to the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry. Department of Trade and Industry, London, U.K., 73 pp. + appendices. [available online: http://www.set4women.gov.uk/set4women/research/greenfield-report.pdf ]

Petersen AC. 1996. Women in science: Beyond the false summit. ASM News 62(3): 120–121. [ASM = American Society for Microbiology]

Peterson, D., and J. Goodall. 1993. Visions of Caliban: On Chimpanzees and People. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, 367 pp.

Pfost, K.S. and M. Fiore. 1990. Pursuit of nontraditional occupations: Fear of success or fear of not being chosen? Sex Roles 23(1/2): 15–24.

Pfund C, Pribbenow CM, Branchaw J, Lauffer SM, Handelsman J. 2006. The merits of training mentors. Science 311: 473–474.

Phillips, J., and K. Hausbeck. 2000. Just beneath the surface: Rereading geology, rescripting the knowledge-power nexus. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 181–202. [reprinted in: Feminist Science Studies: A New Generation (M. Mayberry, B. Subramaniam and L.H. Weasel, eds.), Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 125–135.]

Pickle, K.L. 2006. Women in science: The battle moves to the trenches (Letter to the editor). The New York Times 2006(Dec. 26): F4.

Pinker, S. 2006. The gender debate: Science promises an honest investigation of the world (Letter to the editor). Nature 442(7102): 510.

Pinn, V.W. 2003. Sex and gender factors in medical studies: Implications for health and clinical practice. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) 289(4): 397–400.

Pinsker, L.M. 2003. Shaking up diversity. Geotimes 48(9): 16–17. [a special issue of Geotimes, "Diversity in the geosciences," ed. by M. Smith] [on an NSF-supported program to involve high school students from under-represented groups in geology research in California]

Pipher, M. 1994. Reviving Ophelia: Saving the selves of adolescent girls. Ballantine Books, NY. Piscov´ M. 2003. Gender in science - women in science in Slovakia. Sociológia 35(6): 579–598.

Pizzi, R.A. 2001. Rosalyn Yalow: Assaying the unknown. Modern Drug Discovery 4(9): 63–64.

Plante LA. 2002. What's a smart woman like you doing at home?. Obstetrics and Gynecology 100(6): 1359. [Response to letter by Honig; original articles by Plante 2002 and Becker 2002 on having children during OB-GYN residency]

Pomerantz EM, Altermatt ER, Saxon JL. 2002. Making the grade but feeling distressed: Gender differences in academic performance and internal distress. Journal of Educational Psychology 94(2): 396–404.

Porta, A.R. 2002. Using diversity among biomedical scientists as a teaching tool: A positive effect of role modeling on minority students. American Biology Teacher 64(3): 176–182.

Porter N. 1994. Female faculty: Realities and representations. Women's Studies Quarterly 1994(1-2): 35–41.

Porter, N., and F. Geis. 1981. Women and nonverbal leadership cues: When seeing is not believing. In: Gender and Nonverbal Behavior (C. Mayo and N. Henley, eds.), Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, pp. 39–61. [on sex role stereotypes]

Potts, M. 2000. The unmet need for family planning. Scientific American 282(1): 88–93.

Pratt, L. 1996. Women in dentistry: A look at the growing number of women in the profession. Ontario Dentist 73(1): 16–20.

Pray L. 2003. The lack of conference childcare: A barrier to entry. Career Development 2003(Mar. 21): 3 pp. [Available on-line: http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_development/previous_issues/articles/2240/the_lack_of_conference_childcare_a_barrier_to_entry ]

Prentice S. 2000. The conceptual politics of chilly climate controversies. Gender and Education 12(2): 195–207.

Presser, N.R., and M.C. Baum. 1996. The dual career couples program. AWIS Magazine 25(4): 8-11 [part of a special issue on dual career couples]

Preston, A.E. 1994. Why have all the women gone? A study of exit of women from the science and engineering professions. American Economic Review 84(5): 1446–1462.

Preston, A.E. 2004. Plugging the leaks in the scientific workforce. Issues in Science and Technology 20: 69–74.

Preston, J. 1999. Working together to expand opportunity. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 19–21. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Price SS. 1990. A profile of women dentists. Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA) 120(4): 403–408.

Primack, R.B. and V. O'Leary. 1989. Research productivity of men and women ecologists: A longi- tudinal study of former graduate students. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 70(1): 7-?. Primack, R., and V. O'Leary. 1993. Cumulative disadvantages in the careers of women ecologists. Bioscience 43: 158–165.

Primmer, L. 1997. Women’s health research: Congressional action and legislative gains: 1990–1994. In: Women’s Health Research: A Medical and Policy Primer (F.P. Haseltine and B.G. Jacobson, eds.), Health Press International, Washington, DC, pp. 301–333.

Pringle, H. 1998. New women of the ice age. Discover 19(4): 62–69. [a reinterpretation of the 'traditional' view of women in Ice Age Europe]

Pritchard PA ed. 2006. Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor. Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, 316 pp.

Pritchard PA. 2006. Introduction. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. xvii-xxi.

Pritchard PA. 2006. Career management. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 1–17.

Pritchard PA. 2006. Mental toughness. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 133–168.

Pritchard PA. 2006. Time stress: Dealing with the stress associated with time pressure. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 221–247.

Protopopescu X, Pan Hong, Altemus M, Tuescher O, Polanecsky M, McEwen B, Silbersweig D, Stern E. 2005. Orbitofrontal cortex activity related to emotional processing changes across the menstrual cycle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 102(44): 16060–16065.

Pugliese, R. 1997. Women in dentistry. Pennsylvania Dental Journal 64(Nov./Dec.): 15–17. [numbers of women in the profession from 1982-1995]

Purnell B, Roberts L, Smith O. 2005. Vive la différence. Science 308(5728): 1569.

Quammen, D. 2003. Jane in the forest again. National Geographic 203(4): 90–103. [on a trip to look for chimpanzees in the Congo]

Quina, K., M. Cotter and K. Romenesko. 1998. Breaking the (plexi-)glass ceiling in higher education. In: Career Strategies for Women in Academe: Arming Athena (L.H. Collins, J.C. Chrisler, K. Quina, eds.), SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 215–238.

Quinn, K., S.E. Lange, S.G. Olswang. 2004. Family-friendly policies and the research university. Academe 90: 32–34.

Quinn TC, Overbaugh J. 2005. HIV/AIDS in women: An expanding epidemic. Science 308(5728): 1582–1583.

Ramey, E. 1997. How female and male biology differ. In: Women’s Health Research: A Medical and Policy Primer (F.P. Haseltine and B.G. Jacobson, eds.). Health Press International, Washington, DC, pp. 47–62.

Randle V. 1999. The 'glass ceiling': An illusion? Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 24(2): 105–109.

Randolph SE, Brinson LC, Cornish VA, Schadler LS. 2006. Balancing professional and personal life. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 253–279.

Rankin P, Nielsen JM. 2006. Networking. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 109–132.

Ransom, M.R. 1993. Seniority and monopsony in the academic labor market. The American Economic Review 83(1): 221-233 [on faculty salaries in universities]

Ransom, M.R. and S.B. Megdal. 1993. Sex differences in the academic labor market in the affirmative action era. Economics of Education Review 12(1): 21–43.

Rao, S. 1998. Women scientists: A contradiction in terms? Talk presented at a Symposium on Science and Technology Education: Concerns and Perspectives (organized by National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad) (Lucknow, India, October 23-25, 1998), 8 pp.

Rayman, P., and B. Brett. 1995. Women science majors: What makes a difference in persistence after graduation? Journal of Higher Education 66(4): 388–414.

Rayman, P.M., and J. P. Stewart. 1999. Reaching for success in science: Women’s uneven journey. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 58–65. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Redfield D. 1994. Women in science (Letter to the editor, response to paper by Etzkowitz et al. 1994). Science 266(5190): 1463.

Redman CW, Sargent IL. 2005. Latest advances in understanding preeclampsia. Science 308(5728): 1592–1594.

Rayman PM, Stewart JP. 2000. Reaching for success in science: Women's uneven journey. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 13–23.

Rea, J., J.L. Henderson and B.E. Cooper. 1989. Lessons from women in the agricultural sciences. Agricultural Education Magazine 62(2): 20-21 Rechenberg, B. von. 1997. Frauen in der Veterinärmedizin-Gedanken zur Möglichkeit der Integration in die Berufswelt (Women in veterinary medicine-reflections about the possibility of full integration in the profession in Switzerland). Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde 139(12): 537–542. [Although women represent 70% of the veterinary students in Switzerland, there are very few full-time professionals, especially in higher level positions. This article looks at possible reasons for this, especially "other than professional reasons." Article in German, with abstracts in English, French and Italian.]

Rees MN, Amy P, Jacobson E, Weistrop DE. 2000. A successful program for women faculty and graduate students in natural sciences, mathematics, and engineering at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Journal of Women and Minorities in Engineering 6(4): 313–330.

Rees T. 2001. Mainstreaming gender equality in science in the European Union: The 'ETAN Report'. Gender and Education 13(3): 243–260.

Rees, T., and The Helsinki Group on Women and Science. 2002. National Policies on Women in Science in Europe. Directorate-General for Research/ European Commission, 147 pp. [available: http://www.cordis.lu/improving/women/policies.htm]

Reese, J.A., and J.A. Lipton. 1990. Contribution of women dentists to dental research. International Dental Journal 40(3): 139–141.

Regets, M.C. 2006. What do people do after earning a science and engineering bachelor's degree?. Science Resources Statistics InfoBrief NSF06-324: 1–7.

Reid PT. 1987. Perceptions of sex discrimination among female university faculty and staff. Psychology of Women Quarterly 11: 123–128.

Reisler H. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1614.

Renzetti, C.M. and D.J. Curran. 1995. Women, men and society. Allyn & Bacon, Boston, pp. 39–132.

Reskin, B.F. 1976. Sex differences in status attainment in science: The case of the postdoctoral fellowship. American Sociological Review 41: 597–612.

Reskin BF, Koretz JF, and Francis LL, subcommittee of AAUP Committee W. 1996. Women in science. Academe 82(3): 57–65. [a report by Committee W of the American Association of University Professor]

Resnick, J. 1997. Science education promoted for all women. The American Biology Teacher 59(6): 326–327.

Rey, C.M. 2001. Making room for diversity makes sense. Science 293: 1611–1612. [”Successful diversity programs level the playing field for women and minorities by addressing their needs and teaching undergraduates the unwritten rules of academic science.”]

Rhodes, D.L. 1997. Speaking of Sex: The Denial of Gender Inequality. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 341 pp. [although not strictly on women in science-the author was the second woman on the law faculty at Stanford- this book talks about gender inequalities in many aspects of our society, including media images and sex and violence.]

Rhodes L. 2005. A place at the pharma table for women?. Science 310: 777. [Letter to the Editor in response to article by Mervis, 2005 - on the low numbers of women in large pharmaceutical firms]

Richardson, D.S., C.J. Sutton and K.R. Cercone. 1995. Female-friendly geoscience: Eight techniques for teaching the majority. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 183–192.

Richman RC, Morahan PS, Cohen DW, McDade SA. 2001. Advancing women and closing the leadership gap: The Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine (ELAM) Program experience. Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine 10(3): 271–277.

Richmond G. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1610.

Richter, D., editor. 1982. Women Scientists: The Road to Liberation. The MacMillan Press, Ltd., 219 pp. [13 articles about women scientists in countries around the world]

Rickson, S.T. 1997. Outstanding in their field: Women in agriculture. Current Sociology 45(2): 91–133.

Ridgeway, C.L. 2001. Gender, status, and leadership. Journal of Social Issues 57(4): 637–655.

Riger S, Stokes J, Raja S, Sullivan M. 1997. Measuring perceptions of the work environment for female faculty. The Review of Higher Education 21(1): 63–78.

Rimer S. 2005. For women in sciences, the pace of progress in academia is slow. The New York Times 2005(Apr. 15): A1, A15.

Rimer, S. 2007. A 'rebellious daughter' to lead Harvard. The New York Times 2007(Feb. 12): A18. [On the appointment of Dr. Drew G. Faust as the first female president of Harvard]

Rimer, S., and P.D. Healy. 2005. Furor lingers as Harvard chief gives details of talk on women. The New York Times, February 18, 2005, p. A1. [On remarks made on the lack of women in science by the president of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, in January 2004; see full text of the speech under Summers, 2005]

Rinaldi A. 2004. Hormone therapy for the ageing. EMBO Reports 5(10): 938–941.

Rittner, B., and P. Trudeau. 1997. The Women's Guide to Surviving Graduate School. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 154 p. Roberts, G.G. 2006. On the lack of women in academic science (Letter to the editor). Science 314: 592–593.

Robinson, A. 1996. Responsive to the needs of dual-career couples: An interview with Frederick H. Horne, Ph.D. AWIS Magazine 25(4): 6-7 [part of a special issue on dual career couples, with a picture of the Joliot- Curie family on the cover]

Rodriguez, E. 2000. Women speak on affirmative action. Gaea 23(3): 5–7. [A report on the effect of eliminating affirmative action in university admissions in Texas and California, as well as data from the US Department of Labor on equal pay for equal work. Gaea is the newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists.]

Rodriguez-Trias, H. 1982. Sterilization abuse. In: Biological Woman—The Convenient Myth: A Collection of Feminist Essays and a Comprehensive Bibliography (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), Schenkman Publishing Co. Inc., Cambridge, MA, pp. 147–160.

Roger A, Duffield J. 2000. Factors underlying persistent gendered option choices in school science and technology in Scotland. Gender and Education 12(3): 367–383.

Rogow D. 1994. Women's health policy: Where lie the interests of physicians?. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 46(2): 237–243.

Rolison DR, Thiel PA, Stacy AM, Richmond GL, Rice JK, Pemberton JE, Osteryoung JG, O'Grady WE, Nowak RJ, and Lichter RL. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1614–1615.

Romito P, Volpato C. 2005. Women inside and outside academia: A struggle to access knowledge, legitimacy and influence. Social Science Information 44(1): 41–63.

Rose H. 1988. Comment on Schiebinger's "The history and philosophy of women in science: A review essay". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 13(2): 377–380.

Rose, H. 1994. Love, Power and Knowledge: Towards a Feminist Transformation of the Sciences. Indiana University Press, Blooming, IN, 325 pp.

Rose H. 1997. Foreword: From household to public knowledge, to a new production system of knowledge. In: Women, Science and Medicine 1500-1700: Mothers and Sisters of the Royal Society, Hunter L, Hutton S, eds., Sutton Publishing, Phoenix Mill, UK, pp. xi-xx.

Rose H. 1997. Serious flaws in UK funding system. Nature 387: 841.

Rose SJ, and Hartmann HI. 2004. Still a Man's Labor Market: The Long-Term Earnings Gap. Institute for Women's Policy Research, Washington, DC, pp. i-x, 1–45.

Rose, S., and M.J.E. Danner. 1998. Money matters: The art of negotiation for women faculty. In: Career Strategies for Women in Academe: Arming Athena (L.H. Collins, J.C. Chrisler, K. Quina, eds.), SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 157–186.

Rosenberg, H.M., A.J. Cucchiara and M.L. Helpin. 1996. Attitudes toward women dental students among male dental students and faculty in 1976 and 1996. Journal of Dental Education 60(1): 847–852.

Rosenberg, K.R., and W.R. Trevathan. 2001. The evolution of human birth. Scientific American 285(5): 60–65. [on the evolution of assisted birth in humans, including midwifery, and why human anatomy makes assistance necessary]

Rosser, S. 2006. Campus women lead. On Campus with Women 35(2): 2 pp.

Rosser, S.V. 1986. The relationship between women's studies and women in science. In: Feminist Approaches to Science, ed. Ruth Bleier, Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 165–180.

Rosser SV. 1989. Teaching techniques to attract women to science-applications of feminist theories and methodologies . Women's Studies International Forum 12(3): 363–377.

Rosser, S.V. 1994. Women's Health: Missing from U.S. Medicine. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 213 pp. [Dr. Rosser presents data on gender bias in medicine. She notes that this puts women's health at risk and calls for reforms in medical education and research on women's health.]

Rosser, S.V., editor. 1995. Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering. Teachers College Press, New York, NY, 264 pp.

Rosser, S.V. 1995. Introduction: Reaching the majority: Retaining women in the pipeline. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 1–21.

Rosser, S.V. 1995. Conclusion: Changing curriculum and pedagogy to reach the majority results in a positive upward spiral. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 220–229.

Rosser, S.V. 1997. Re-engineering Female Friendly Science. Teachers College Press, Columbia University, New York, NY, 188 pp. [on teaching methods and curriculum reform to retain women in science in mathematics]

Rosser, S.V. 1997. Possible implications of feminist theories for the study of evolution. In: Feminism and Evolutionary Biology: Boundaries, Intersections, and Frontiers (P.A. Gowaty, ed.), Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 21–41.

Rosser, S.V. 1999. Different laboratory/work climates: Impacts on women in the workplace. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 95–101. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Rosser SV. 2000. Editorial. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 6–11.

Rosser, S.V., ed. 2000. Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 1–334. [special issue of Women’s Studies Quarterly— see individual papers]

Rosser, S.V. 2001. Are there feminist methodologies appropriate for the natural sciences and do they make a difference? In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 123–144.

Rosser, S.V. 2002. A shift in focus from individual to institutional solutions to attract and retain women in science and engineering. AWIS Magazine 31(1): 23–27.

Rosser, S.V. 2002. Androcentric bias in clinical research. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 228-237 [reprinted from Rosser, S., 1994, Women’s Health—Missing from U.S. Medicine, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, pp. 3-15]

Rosser, S.V. 2003. Attracting and retaining women in science and engineering. Academe 89(4): 24–28.

Rosser, S.V. 2004. The Science Glass Ceiling: Academic Women Scientists and the Struggle to Succeed. Routledge, New York, NY, 165 pp. [a survey of women scientists who received POWRE grants from the National Science Foundation, and the obstacles they had to overcome in their careers. POWRE = Professional Opportunities for Women in Research and Education]

Rosser, S.V. 2004. Using POWRE to ADVANCE: institutional barriers identified by women scientists and engineers. NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): 50–78.

Rosser SV, Zieseniss M. 2000. Career issues and laboratory climates: Different challenges and opportunities for women engineers and scientists (Survey of fiscal year 1997 POWRE awardees). Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 6(1): 95–114.

Rossiter, M.W. 1978. Sexual segregation in the sciences: Some data and a model. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 4(1): 146–151.

Rossiter, M.W. 1993. The Matthew Matilda effect in science. Social Studies of Science 23: 325–341. [on the fact that many women in science "have been ignored, denied credit, or otherwise dropped from sight"]

Rossiter, M.W. 1994. Mendel the mentor: Yale women doctorates in biochemistry, 1893–1937. Journal of Chemical Education 71(3): 215–219.

Rossiter MW. 1997. Which science? Which women?. In: Women, Gender and Science: New Directions (Kohlstedt SG, Longino HE, eds.), Osiris 12: 169–185.

Rothblum, E.D., J.F. Morris, and J.S. Weinstock. 1995. Women in the Antarctic: risk-taking and social consequences. World Psychology 1(1): 83–112.

Rothman, S., S.M. Lipset and N. Nevitte. 2003. Does enrollment diversity improve university education? International Journal of Public Opinion Research 15(1): 8-2 Rubin, V. 2004. Neglect of women in science. Science 306: 1891. [a letter to the editor on the lack of women receiving NIH Pioneer Awards]

Ruiz, M.T., and L.M. Verbrugge. 1997. A two way view of gender bias in medicine. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 51: 106-109 [on inequalities in health care by gender and how health service delivery and research contribute to them]

Russell EWB. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1613.

Ruzek, S.B., V.L. Olesen, A.E. Clarkem, eds. 1997. Women’s Health: Complexities and Differences. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, OH, 689 pp. [also see individual articles by Franke, Narrigan et al., and Zones]

Rydén L, Schenk-Gustafsson K. 1999. The careers of female cardiologists. European Heart Journal 20: 1219–1221.

Ryder, E. 1986. La mujer en la ciencia en Venezuela (Women in science in Venezuela) (Editorial). Investigación Clínica 27(1): 1–4.

Sadker, M., and D. Sadker. 1994. Failing at fairness: How America's schools cheat girls. Charles Scribner's Sons, NY, 347 p. Saegusa, A. 1999. …but the pill may be legalized at last. Nature 398(6723): 95. [News article on the possibility of the legalization of birth control pills in Japan, almost 40 years after it was first approved in the west.]

Sakai, A.K., and M.J. Lane. 1996. National Science Foundation funding patterns of women and minorities in biology. Bioscience 46(8): 621–625. [an update on the numbers of women and minorities that receive grants from the Biological Sciences Directorate at NSF, including number of proposals rejected before initial funding, etc.]

Sakimoto PJ, Rosendhal JD. 2005. Obliterating myths about minority institutions. Physics Today 58(9): 49–53.

Salamanco-Buentello F, Salamanca-Gómez F. 2005. Genetics and women in science. American Journal of Medical Genetics 136A(4): 418.

Sanders E. 2000. Fresh ideas to help women into science. Physics World 13(4): 9.

Sanders, J. 1994. Lifting the Barriers: 600 Tested Strategies that Really Work to Increas Girls’ Participation in Science, Mathematics and Computers. Jo Sanders Publications, Port Washington, NY, 111 pp. [ILL]

Sanders, J. 1995. Girls and technology: Villain wanted. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 147–159.

Sandler BR. 1991. Women faculty at work in the classroom, or, Why it still hurts to be a woman in labor. Communication Education 40: 6–15.

Sandler, B.R. 1993. Women as mentors: myths and commandments. The Chronicle of Higher Education. March 10. p. B3. [debunks the common myths of the mentoring relationship and lists “10 Commandments of Mentoring” that should be followed for a successful relationship]

Sandler BR. 1993. The campus climate revisited: Chilly for women faculty, administrators, and graduate students. In: Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective, Glazer JS, Bensimon EM, Townsend BK, eds., Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, pp. 175–203.

Sandler, B.R. 2004. The chilly climate: How men and women are treated differently in classrooms and at work. http://www.bernicesandler.com [Dr. Sandler's web site includes a number of articles on the chilly climate for women in college classrooms.]

Sandler, B.R. and R.M. Hall. 1986. The Campus Climate Revisited: Chilly for Women Faculty, Administrators, and Graduate Students. Project on the Status and Education of Women, Association of American Colleges, Washington, DC, 28 pp. [reprinted in Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective, J.S. Glazer, E.M. Bensimon and B.K. Townsend, eds., Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, 1993, pp. 175–203.]

Sandler, B.R., L.A. Silverberg and R.M. Hall. 1996. The Chilly Classroom Climate: A Guide to Improve the Education of Women. National Association for Women in Education (NAWE), Washington, DC, 123 pp.

Sanoff, A.P. 2006. At U. of Southern California, a support network helps women in science and engineering. The Chronicle of Higher Education 53(6): B8-B11.

Sato, V.L. 1999. Women in biotechnology: Finding a place. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 189–190. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Sax LJ. 2001. Undergraduate science majors: Gender differences in who goes to graduate school. Review of Higher Education 24(2): 153–172.

Schatten, G. and H. Schatten. 1983. The energetic egg. The Sciences 23(5): 28–35. [”In its rendezvous with the sperm, the egg is surprisingly spirited.”]

Scheich E. 1997. Science, politics, and morality: The relationship of Lise Meitner and Elisabeth Schiemann. In: Women, Gender and Science: New Directions (Kohlstedt SG, Longino HE, eds.), Osiris 12: 143–168. [Meitner was a nuclear physicist who was one of the discoverers of fission.]

Scheman, N. 2002. Though this be method, yet there is madness in it: paranoia and liberal epistemology. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kournay, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 371–391.

Schiebinger, L. 1987. The history and philosophy of women in science: A review essay. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 12(2): 305–332.

Schiebinger L. 1988. Reply to Rose's Comment on Schiebinger's "The history and philosophy of women in science: A review essay". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 13(2): 380–384.

Schiebinger, L. 1993. Nature’s Body: Gender in the Making of Modern Science. Beacon Press, Boston, MA, 289 pp. [examines cultural preconceptions that influence how science is practiced today and information on the “sexualizing” of botany in the 18th century]

Schiebinger, L. 1996. Why mammals are called mammals: Gender politics in eighteenth-entury natural history. In: Feminism and Science (E.F. Keller and H. Longino, eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 137–153.

Schiebinger L. 1997. Creating sustainable science. In: Women, Gender and Science: New Directions (Kohlstedt SG, Longino HE, eds.), Osiris 12: 201–216.

Schiebinger, L. 1999. Has Feminism Changed Science? Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 252 p. [see book review below under Haseltine]

Schiebinger L. 2000. Has feminism changed science?. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 25(4): 1171–1175.

Schiebinger, L., ed. 2000. Feminism and the Body. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 500 pp. (Oxford Readings in Feminism Series) [a collection of essays on history and attitudes towards women’s bodies. Part I, Scientific (Mis)representations, includes articles on the natural sciences. See individual papers under Schiebinger, 2000; Laqueur, Oudshoorn, Dreger; Watson and Kennedy]

Schiebinger, L. 2000. Skeletons in the closet: The first illustrations of the female skeleton in eighteenth- century anatomy. In: Feminism and the Body (L. Schiebinger, ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 25–57.

Schiebinger, L. 2001. Creating sustainable science. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 466–482.

Schiebinger, L. 2002. European women in science. Science in Context 15(4): 473–481.

Schiebinger, L. 2002. Women in the origins of modern science. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kournay, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 8–33.

Schiebinger L, and Proctor RN. 1993. Women in science '93: A "female style"? (Letter to the editor). Science 261(5120): 408–409.

Schiotz, A. 2003. Å studere medisin—til skade for kvinnens helbred? (The study of medicine: A threat to a woman's body and soul? An essay on the Norwegian pioneer Marie Spångberg Holth). Tidsskrift for Den Norske Lœgeforening 123(24): 3522–3533. [Dr. Spångberg Holth was the first woman to graduate with a degree in medicine in Norway, in 1893; in Norwegian with English summary ]

Schlick S. 1993. Women in science '93: A "female style"? (Letter to the editor). Science 261(5120): 411–412.

Schofield, J. 1982. Black and White in School: Trust, Tension, or Tolerance? Praeger, NY, 255 p. Schroen AT, Brownstein MR, Sheldon GF. 2004. Women in academic general surgery. Academic Medicine 79(4): 310–318.

Schubert C. 2005. Sports law could even the score for women in science. Nature Medicine 11(8): 12.

Schupf, S.L. 1999. Changing the way our culture interacts with science. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 140–142. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Schur, J.B. 1995. Students as social science researchers: Gender issues in the classroom. Social Education 59(3): 144–149.

Schweber, S. 2005. It's all an illusion. The Chronicle of Higher Education: Chronicle Careers, on-line April 15, 2005, http://chronicle.com/jobs/2005/04/2005041201c.htm, 4 pp.

Scientific American. 1998. Women in science: A status report. Scientific American special web report, on- line April 27, 1998, http://www.sciam.com/explorations/1998/051898women/women.html, ∼35 pp. [an update of a 1972 report by the New York Academy of Sciences and a report of a NYAS conference and work of G. Sonnert]

Scott, J.P. 1981. Science subject choice and achievement of females in Canadian high schools. International Journal of Women's Studies 4(4): 348–361.

Seachrist, L. 1994. Disparities detailed in NCI [National Cancer Institute] division. The Sciences 264: 340 (news article). Seale, N.S., and W.F. Waggoner. 1992. Attitudes of program directors toward women in pediatric dentistry training programs. Pediatric Dentistry 14(2): 105–109.

Selby, C.C., editor 1999. Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 1–263. [papers from a conference, “Choices and Successes: Women in Science and Engineering,” sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences, 12-13 March 1998, New York City]

Selby, C.C. 1999. Preface - Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: xiii-xix. [papers from a conference, “Choices and Successes: Women in Science and Engineering,” sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences, 12-13 March 1998, New York City]

Selgrade MK. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1611.

Selingo, J. 1998. Science-oriented campuses strive to attract more women. The Chronicle of Higher Education 44(24): A53 (February 20, 1998). ["Institutions hope to achieve gender equity, but some observers say it may be a losing battle."]

Selvin, P. 1992. Profile of a field: Mathematics. Heroism is still the norm. Science 255: 1382–1383. (filed with Benditt, 1992) Semken, S. 2005. Sense of place and place-based introductory geoscience teaching for American Indian and Alaska Native undergraduates. Journal of Geoscience 53(2): 149–157.

Seymour, E. 1995. The loss of women from science, mathematics, and engineering undergraduate majors: an explanatory account. Science Education 79(4): 437–473.

Seymour, E. 1999. The role of socialization in shaping the career-related choices of undergraduate women in science, mathematics, and engineering majors. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 118–126. [papers from a conference held in 1998]

Sharma, K. 1994. India: Is overcoming 'diffidence' the route to success? Science 263: 1495-1496 [Women in Science '94, special section of Science magazine, ed. by J. Benditt].

Shaugnessy A. 2005. How to juggle it all—career, family, amateur sports and sanity. Gaea (Newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists) 28(4): 1, 4.

Shaywitz, S., and J. Hahm, editors, Committee on Women in Science and Engineering Policy and Global Affairs, National Research Council of the National Academies. 2004. Achieving XXcellence in Science: Role of Professional Societies in Advancin Women in Science, Proceedings of a Workshop, AXXS 2002. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 99 pp. [available online: www.nap.edu]

Sheehan, E. 1985. Victorian clitoridectomy: Isaac Baker Brown and his harmless operative procedure. Feminist Issues 5(1): 39-53 (reprinted from Medical Anthropology Newsletter 12(4): 9-15, 1981) [historical research on the clitoridectomy for young women with 'female problems' in the nineteenth century in Great Britain].

Sheinin, R. 1981. The rearing of women for science, engineering and technology. International Journal of Women's Studies 4(4): 339–347.

Shepherd, M.D., and K.A. Proctor. 1988. Women and pharmacy ownership. American Pharmacy NS28(5): 28-33 (312-317) Sherman, L.A., R. Temple, and R.B. Merkatz. 1995. Women in clinical trials: An FDA perspective. Science 269: 793–795. (Filed with Hurtley and Benditt, 1995)

Sherman PW. 1998. Animal behaviour: The evolution of menopause. Nature 392: 759–761.

Sherrow, V. 1996. Women and the Military: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, Denver, CO, 381 pp. [with a 15- page introduction and an extensive bibliography].

Shields, S.A. 1982. The variability hypothesis: The history of a biological model of sex differences in intelligence. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 7(4): 769–797.

Shiva, V. 2001. Democratizing biology: Reinventing biology from a feminist, ecological, and Third World perspective. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 447–465.

Shockley-Zalabak P, Staley CC, Morley DD. 1988. The female professional: Perceived communication proficiencies as predictors of organizational advancement. Human Relations 41(7): 553–567.

Shulman, B.J. 2001. Implicatons of feminist critiques of science for the teaching of mathematics and science. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 407–422.

Shuster, S.M., and M.J. Wade. 1997. Hiring selection. In: Feminism and Evolutionary Biology: Boundaries, Intersections, and Frontiers (P.A. Gowaty, ed.), Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 153–183. [on discrimination in the hiring process]

Sibalwa, D. 1993. Women's contribution towards national development in Zambia. Convergence: An international journal of adult education 26(2): 38–46.

Siebert, E.D. 1992. Women in science? Journal of College Science Teaching 21(5): 269–271.

Sieverding M. 2003. Frauen unterschätzen sich: Selbstbeurteilungs-Biases in einer simulierten Bewerbungssituation (Women underevaluate themselves: Self-evaluation-biases in a simulated job interview). Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 34(3): 147–160.

Silver, D. 2000. Confronting prejudice. Catalyst: Change through KU Endowment, Summer 2000: 8–11. [an article about the work of KU researchers on prejudice.]

Silverman, E.R. 1997. NSF employment study confirms issues facing women, minorities. The Scientist 11(8): 1, 5. [news article on NSF report on women, minorities and persons with disabilities]

Silverman, E.R. 2001. NSF employment study confirms issues facing women, minorities. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 38–41.

Simmon GM. 2005. Reproductive success for working scientists. The Chronicle of Higher Education - Chronicle Careers, April 26, 2005. 51(34): 5 pp. [Available on-line: http://chronicle.com/jobs/2005/04/2005042601c.htm]

Simon, V.R., T. Hai, S.K. Williams, E. Adams, K. Ricchetti, and S.A. Marts. 2005. National Institutes of Health: Intramural and extramural support for research on sex differences, 2000–2003. The Society for Women's Health Research (SWHR), Washington, DC, 7 pp. [available from www.womenshealthresearch.org]

Simons, K., and C. Featherstone. 2000. Science in Europe. Science 290: 1099–1102. [includes a chart showing number of female full professors in Europe vs. North America and New Zealand]

Simpson M-M. 2006. Percentage of women faculty in chemistry sends a clear message. KU Collegian 2006(Spring): 6–7. [on the number of women faculty in the KU Chemistry Department]

Sims, C. 1992. What went wrong: Why programs failed. Science 258: 1185-1187 [A report on efforts to increase the numbers of women and minorities in science. Part of a special issue on women and minorities edited by E. Culotta.]

Sims, C. 1992. From inner-city L.A. to Yale engineering. Science 258: 1232. [Part of a special issue on women and minorities edited by E. Culotta.]

Sims, C. 1993. Last hired, first fired? Minorities retreat in defense. Science 262: 1125–1126. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Singer, E. 2005. No-confidence vote fails to shift Harvard president. Nature 434: 424. [On a vote by faculty after remarks made on the lack of women in science by the president of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, in January 2004; see full text of the speech under Summers, 2005]

Singer, M. 2006. Beyond bias and barriers (Editorial). Science 314: 893.

Singleton, M.F. 2001. Gender equity: It's a class action at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. AWIS Magazine 30(4): 11-16 [on a class action lawsuit by women at the LLNL for salary inequities].

Singleton, V. 1996. Feminism, sociology of scientific knowledge and postmodernism: Politics, theory and me. Social Studies of Science 26: 445–468.

Sithole I. 1994. Women and science in Zimbabwe: Some issues that still persist. Discovery and Innovation 6(2): 126–133.

Skirboll, L.R., and R.L. Guyer. 1997. A career in science: Consider all options. AWIS Magazine 26(3): 6–7.

Slater, M., and P.M. Glazer. 1989. Prescriptions for professional survival. In: Learning about Women: Gender, Politics, and Power (J.K. Conway, S.C. Bourque and J.W. Scott, eds.), The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, pp. 119-135 [on women in medicine]

Slater, M.R., and M. Slater. 2000. Women in veterinary medicine. JAVMA (Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine Association) 217(4): 472–476.

Sloan, J.B. 1978. The founding of the Naples Table Association for Promoting Scientific Research by Women, 1897. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 4(1): 208–216. [The Naples Table Association supported a number of women for research in Naples, including Ida H. Hyde, who did research in marine biology.]

Sloat, B.F. 1990. Perspectives on women and the sciences. LSA Magazine (College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan) 13: 13–17. [a short review of studies on why women drop out of science at the college level]

Smaglik, P. 1997. Foundations addressing gender gap in science. The Scientist 11(23): 1, 5.

Small, C.M. 1998. Reinventing sex: The construction of realistic definitions of sex and gender. American Biology Teacher 60(8): 590–593.

Smallwood, S. 2003. American women surpass men in earning doctorates. The Chronicle of Higher Education 50(16): A10.

Smit, C. 2006. Peer review: Time for a change? BioScience 56(9): 712–713.

Smith, B. 1982. Black women’s health: Notes for a course. In: Biological Woman—The Convenient Myth: A Collection of Feminist Essays and a Comprehensive Bibliography (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), Schenkman Publishing Co. Inc., Cambridge, MA, pp. 227–240.

Smith, C.A. 2002. Gender and work: What veterinarians can learn from research about women, men, and work. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA) 220(9): 1304–1311.

Smith DG. 1993. Women's colleges and coed colleges: Is there a difference for women?. In: Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective, Glazer JS, Bensimon EM, Townsend BK, eds., Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, pp. 311–322. [reprinted from Journal of Higher Education 61(2), 1990]

Smith, D.G. 1996. Faculty diversity when jobs are scarce: Debunking the myths. The Chronicle of Higher Education 43(2), September 6, 1996. (available from: http://wachronicle.com) Smith DG, Morrison DE, Wolf LE. 1994. College as a gendered experience: An empirical analysis using multiple lenses. The Journal of Higher Education 69(2): 696–725.

Smith DG, Wolf LE, Morrison DE. 1995. Paths to success: Factors related to the impact of women's college. The Journal of Higher Education 66(3): 245–266.

Smith, F.A. 2006. On the lack of women in academic science (Letter to the editor). Science 314: 592.

Smith, F.A., and J.H. Brown. 1996. The changing role of women in North American mammalogy. Journal of Mammalogy 77(3): 609–612. [good statistics on opportunities for/availability of jobs for early women in college (1800's)]

Smith, M., editor. 2003. Diversity in the geosciences. Geotimes 48(9): 2, 14–25. [see individual papers under Czujko and Henly; Holmes et al.: Karsten; O'Connell et al.; Pinsker; White et al.]

Smith WS, and Erb TO. 1986. Effect of women science career role models on early adolescents: Attitudes toward scientists and women in science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 23(8): 667–676.

Smither-Kopperl ML. 2002. Would Title IX help women in science?. Science 298: 1891–1892.

Soares TA. 2001. Mulheres em ciência e tecnologia: Ascensao limitada (Women in science and technology: Restricted success). Química Nova 24(2): 281–285.

Solomon, E.S., and S.L. Handelman. 1991. Enrollment trends, women, and minorities in advanced general dentistry programs. Journal of Dental Education 55(10): 694–697.

Solomon, E.S., and M.J. Hayes. 1995. Gender and the transition into practice. Journal of Dental Education 59(8): 836–840.

Solomon, E.S., C.F. Gray and J.C. Whiton. 1990. Promotion and appointment to administrative positions of dental school faculty by gender. Journal of Dental Education 54(8): 530–534.

Sonnad SS, Colletti LM. 2002. Issues in the recruitment and success of women in academic surgery. Surgery 132(2): 415–419.

Sonnert, G. 1999. Women in science and engineering: Advances, challenges, and solutions. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 34–57. [papers presented at a conference held in 1998]

Sonnert, G., with the assistance of G. Holton. 1995. Gender Differences in Science Careers: The Project Access Study. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, 187pp.

Sonnert, G., and G. Holton. 1995. Who Succeeds in Science? The Gender Dimension. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, 215 pp.

Sonnert, G., and G. Holton. 1996. Career patterns of women and men in the sciences. American Scientist 84: 63–71.

Sork, V.L. 1997. Quantitative genetics, feminism, and evolutionary theories of gender differences. In: Feminism and Evolutionary Biology: Boundaries, Intersections, and Frontiers (P.A. Gowaty, ed.), Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 86–115.

Spafford, M.M., and P.I.A. Beal. 1999. Interview expectations and experiences of women and men applying to an optometry program. Optometry and Vision Science 76(7): 500–510.

Spanier, B.B. 1995. Im/partial Science: Gender Ideology in Molecular Biology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 207 p. [The author, who trained in molecular biology, discusses the ways in which this field may be affected by traditional beliefs about gender.]

Spanier, B. 2001. From molecules to brains, normal science supports sexist beliefs about differences. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 367–372.

Spence, J.T., and L.L. Sawin. 1985. Images of masculinity and femininity: A reconceptualization. In: Women, Gender and Social Psychology (V.E. O'Leary, R.K. Unger, and B.S. Wallston, eds.), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 35–66.

Spencer, S.J., C.M. Steele and D.M. Quinn. 1999. Stereotype threat and women's math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 35: 4–28.

Sperling, S., and Y. Beyene. 1997. A pound of biology and a pinch of culture or a pinch of biology and a pound of culture? The necessity of integrating biology and culture in reproductive studies. In: Women in Human Evolution (L.D. Hager, ed.), Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 137–152.

Springer, M. 1988. Women and power in higher education: saving the Libra in a Scorpio world. In: Seeing Female: Social Roles and Personal Lives (S.S. Brehm, ed.), Greenwood Press, New York, NY, pp. 145–156.

Stafford, S.G. 1996. Finding leadership opportunities in an era of dual-career families. BioScience 46(1): 52–54.

Stahl, Leslie and CBS News. 2005. The debate over Plan B. CBS News 2005(Nov 27): 5 pp. [a 60 Minutes report on Plan B, the emergency contraceptive, and the resignation of Dr. Susan Wood from the Office of Women’s Health of the FDA]

Stake JE. 2003. Understanding male bias against girls and women in science. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 33(4): 667–682.

Star, S.L. 1979. The politics of right and left: Sex differences in hemispheric brain asymmetry. In: Women Look at Biology Looking at Women: A Collection of Feminist Critiques (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), G. K. Hall & Co., Boston, MA, pp. 61–74.

Stark, B.L., K.A. Spielman, B. Shears and M. Ohnersorgen. 1997. The gender effect on editorial boards and in academia. SAA (Society of American Archaeologists) Bulletin 15(4): 6–9.

Stark-Adamec, C. 1981. Women and science. International Journal of Women's Studies 4(4): 311–317.

Steele, C.M. 1997. A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist 32(6): 613–629.

Steele, C.M. 1999. Thin ice: Stereotype threat and the black college students. The Atlantic Monthly 284: 44–54.

Steele, C.M., and J. Aronson. 1995. Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69(5): 797–811.

Stellman, J.M., and M.S. Henifin. 1982. No fertile women need apply: Employment discrimination and reproductive hazards in the workplace. In: Biological Woman—The Convenient Myth: A Collection of Feminist Essays and a Comprehensive Bibliography (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), Schenkman Publishing Co. Inc., Cambridge, MA, pp. 117–146.

Steinhauer, J. 1999. For women in medicine, a road to compromise, not perks. New York Times, March 1, 1999.

Steinkamp, M.W., and M.L. Maehr, eds. 1984. Women in Science (special issue). Advances in Motivation and Achievement 2, 378 pp. [see individual papers under Zerega and Walberg; Kremer; Harnisch; Eccles; Frieze and Hanusa; Benbow and Stanley; Humphreys; Cole and Zuckerman]

Steinke, J. 1999. Women scientist role models on screen: a case study of contact. Science Communication 21(2): 111–136.

Steinke J. 2004. Science in cyberspace: science and engineering world wide web sites for girls. Public Understanding of Science 13(1): 7–30.

Steinmetz, J.C.. 2004. Comment on 'Academic specialties in U.S. are shifting: Hiring of women geoscientists is stagnating.’ Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 85(6): 58. [Comment on paper by Holmes et al. 2003; see also reply by Holmes and O’Connell 2004]

Steinpreis, R.E., K.A. Anders and D. Ritzke. 1999. The impact of gender on the review of the curricula vitae of job applicants and tenure candidates: A national empirical study. Sex Role 41(7/8): 509–528.

Steinpreis RE, Anders KA, Riley MG, Ritzke DM, McDonald TW. 2000. The impact of gender on the quality and content of e-mail advice professors give to students applying to graduate school. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 6(1): 33–43.

Stepan, N.L. 1986. Race and gender: The role of analogy in science. Isis 77: 261-277 (reprinted in History of Women in the Sciences, S.G. Kohlstedt, ed., 1999, pp. 269-285) Stevenson, S. 1997. Women researchers are rare elements in Germany. Nature 390: 201–202.

Steward, D. 2003. Working toward equality. Academe 89: 29–33. [on hiring gay and lesbian faculty at Virginia Polytechnic Institute]

Stewart M, Bisby M. 2006. Foreword. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. xi-xvi.

Stitt, B. 1994. Gender Equity in Education: An Annotated Bibliography. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, IL, 168 pp. [pp. 91-99 are on Math and Science]

Stokstad E. 2005. Bone quality fills holes in fracture risk. Science 308(5728): 1580–1581.

Stone, P. 2007. Opting Out? Why Women Really Quit Careers and Head Home. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 314 pp. [not just about science careers, but about professional women in general. Dr. Stone found in her research that women really did not have viable choices in balancing their professional and personal lives.]

Stone, P., and M. Lovejoy. 2004. Fast-track women and the "choice" to stay home. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 596: 62–83. Special issue, "Mommies and Daddies on the Fast Track: Success of Parents in Demanding Professions," (J.A. Jacobs and J.F. Madden, eds.). Stone, R. 1993. Plenty of jobs, little minority support in biotech. Science 262: 1127. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Strauss, J.F., and M. Kafrissen. 2004. Waiting for the second coming. Nature 432: 43–45. [on contraceptive research]

Strenta AC, Elliott R, Adair R, Matier M, and Scott J. 1994. Choosing and leaving science in highly selective institutions. Research in Higher Education 35(5): 513–547.

Stricker LJ. 2006. Stereotype threat: A clarification (Letter to the editor). Science 312: 1310–1311. [Response to paper by Lewis 2005]

Subramaniam B. 2000. Snow Brown and the Seven Detergents: A metanarrative on science and the scientific method. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 296–304.

Sugar-Webb, J., and R.J. Willke for the American Medical Association (AMA) Women in Medicine Services Office. 1991. Women in Medicine in America: In the Mainstream. American Medical Association, Chicago, IL, 46 pp.

Suiter, M. 1991. Tomorrow's geoscientists: Recruiting and keeping them. Geotimes 36(1): 12–14.

Suiter, M.J. 1991. Women and minorities in geosciences. Geotimes 36(2): 58–59.

Suiter, M.J. 1992. Women in geoscience: A resource to develop. Geotimes 37(1): 15–17.

Suiter, M.J. 1992. Women and minorities in the geosciences. Geotimes 37(2): 44.

Suiter, M.J. 1994. Issues for AWIS: a forum on diversity. AWIS Magazine 23(5): 7, 20.

Sullivan, B., C.S. Hollenshead, and G. Smith. 2004. Developing and implementing work-family policies for faculty. Academe 90(6): 24–27.

Sullivan JL, Jansen SC. 2005. E-application etiquette. The Chronicle of Higher Education 2005(August 31): 4 pp.

Summers, L.H. 2005. Remarks at NBER conference on diversifying the science and engineering workforce. The Harvard Crimson, on-line February 18, 2005, http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=505844, ∼15 pp.

Summers MF, and Hrabowski FA III. 2006. Preparing minority scientists and engineers. Science 311: 1870–1871. [“An undergraduate program involving mentorship, summer and other workshops, and targeting high-achieving high school students improves participation of underrepresented minorities in science.”]

Sung R. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1614.

Swanson-Kauffman, K.M. 1987. Women's work, families, and health: The balancing act. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington, DC, 196 pp.

Sweet, M. 2004. Tough at the top. British Medical Journal 328: 70. ["Only about 4% of the fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons are women. Yet in what has been described as a 'world first for a woman' the college has elected Anne Kolbe as its president. Has she finally smashed through the glass ceiling in surgery?"]

Sycheva SA. 2003. Can a woman make a career in Russian science?. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 73(4): 382–386.

Szafran, R.F. 1984. Universities and Women Faculty: Why Some Organizations Discriminate More Than Others. Praeger Publishers, New York, NY, 147 pp.

Szalai VA. 2000. Women in science (letter to the editor). Chemical and Engineering News 78(7): 13. [on the timing of postdoctoral fellowships vs. childbearing for women scientists]

Szymanski C. 2006. Communicating science. In: Success Strategies for Women in Science: A Portable Mentor, Pritchard PA, eds., Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington, MA, pp. 193–220.

Tai RH, Liu Christine Q, Maltese AV, and Fan Xitao. 2006. Planning early for careers in science. Science 312: 1143–1144. [“Young adolescents who expected to have a career in science were more likely to graduate from college with a science degree, emphasizing the importance of early encouragement.”]

Tang-Martinez Z. 1992. Women in science: Demanding a bigger piece of the pie or a new recipe?. Bulletin of Science Technology and Society 12(4-5): 192–194.

Tanne, J.H. 2002. Women doctors are better communicators. British Medical Journal 325(7361): 408.

Tanner, N., and A. Zihlman. 1976. Women in evolution. Part I: Innovation and selection in human origins. Signs 1(3): 585–608. [Zihlman is an anthropologist who studies human origins and women’s roles in early human social interactions.]

Task Force on Women Faculty, Harvard University. 2005. Ladder Faculty Demographic Trends at Harvard University. Harvard Harvard Gazette (online), 41 pp. [available online: http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/daily/2005/05/data.pdf]

Task Force on Women Faculty Membership, Harvard University, Hammonds E, chair. 2005. Report of the Task Force on Women Faculty. Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, 58 pp. [Available online: http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/daily/2005/05/women-faculty.pdf]

Task Force on Women, Minorities, and the Handicapped in Science and Technology. 1988. Changing America: The new face of science and engineering, interim report. 62 pp. [This task force was established by Congress and consisted of people from government, academia and industry. Their charge was to examine the current role of the women, minorities and people with disabilities in U.S. science, to make recommendations, and to present a long-range plan for the future. See also publications listed under "National Science Foundation" above.]

Tavris, C. 1992. The Mismeasure of Woman. Touchstone, Simon and Schuster, Inc., NY, 398 pp. ["Why women are not the better sex, the inferior sex, or the opposite sex."]

Taylor, D. 2007. Employment preferences and salary expectations of students in science and engineering. BioScience 57(2): 175–185.

Taylor J. 2004. Women in surgery. Surgery 133(1): 123–124.

Tedesco, L.A. 1995. Barriers to becoming faculty: Word gets out. Journal of Dental Education 59(12): 1123–1126. [Taken from an invited paper presented at the conference, "Minority Faculty in the Health Professions for the Twenty-First Century," Leesburg, VA, 6-8 September 1995]

Tedesco, L.A. 1999. Understanding the glass ceiling. Journal of Dental Education 63(3): 244–256.

Tesch, B. and H. Wood. 1995. Promotion of women physicians in academic medicine. Glass ceiling or sticky floor? Journal of the American Medical Association 273(13): 1022–1025.

Tesch BJ, Wood HM, Helwig AL, Nattinger AB. 1995. Promotion of women physicians in academic medicine: Glass ceiling or sticky floor?. Journal of the American Medical Association 273(13): 1022–1025.

Teske, E., and B. Beedle. 2001. Journey to the top—breaking through the canopy: Canadian experiences. The Forestry Chronicle 77(5): 846-853 [on women in forestry careers in Canada, especially on women in leadership positions]

Thacker, P.D. 2007. Progress over the long term. Inside Higher Ed 2007(Jan. 9): 3 pp. [on the number fo women earning higher degrees in the US]

The Economist Science and Technology Desk. 2006. Differences between the sexes: The mismeasure of woman. The Economist, North America Edition 380(8489): 70–72.

Thelmo MC, Shelley ED, Graham GF. 2004. Women leaders in American dermatology. SKINmed 3(2): 77–82.

Thin, N. 1995. A critical review of women's status and rights. Discovery and Innovation 7(3): 205–208.

Thomas DA. 2001. The truth about mentoring minorities: Race matters. Harvard Business Review 79(4): 97–107.

Thomas, J.K., J.F. Cotten and A.J. Luedke. 1991. Career development of agricultural graduates: A gender comparison. Agribusiness 7(5): 503–514.

Thomas LA. 1993. Women in science '93: A "female style"? (Letter to the editor). Science 261(5120): 409.

Thomas, V.L. 1989. Black women engineers and technologists. Sage: A Scholarly Journal on Black Women 6(2): 24–32.

Thompson C. 1994. Women in science. Lancet (British Edition) 343(8897): 590.

Thompson, D.E., N. Fortenberry, R. Sevo, A.-C. Lee, M. Cosgrove, H. Pollinger, P McNees, S. Coleman, R. Bankson, A. Watkins, J. Krako and B. Spurij. 2003. New Formulas for America’s Workforce: Girls in Science and Engineering. National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, NSF 03-207, 215 pp. + appendix and index. [a report of the results from projects funded by the NSF Gender Diversity in STEM Education program, which began in 1993. Includes methods to improve the education of girls and women in science. STEM = Science, Technology, Engineering and Math]

Thorn, M. 2001. Balancing the equation: Where are women and girls in science, engineering and technology? National Council for Research on Women, http://www.ncrw.org/research/iqsci.htm, ∼26 pp.

Thorne, B., 1992. Girls and boys together…but mostly apart: Gender arrangements in elementary schools. In: Education and Gender Equality (J. Wrigley, ed.), The Falmer Press, London, UK, pp. 115–130.

Thorne, B. 1993. Gender Play: Girls and Boys in School. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, 237 p. Thornhill, R. and S.W. Gangestad. 1996. Human female copulatory orgasm: A human adaptation or phylogenetic holdover. Animal Behaviour 52: 853–855. [Response to Hrdy, 1996]

Thornton S. 2005. Extended tenure clock policies: Theory.. and practice. CSWEP Newsletter 2005: 13–15.

Tichenor KL. 1997. A century of success: Reflections on the past and a vision for the future of women at Colorado School of Mines. CSM Quarterly Review 97(3): 3–7.

Tienda, M., and S. Simonelli. 2001. Hispanic students are missing from diversity debates. The Chronicle of Higher Education 47(38): B13-B14.

Tilghman, S. 1993. Science vs. women—A radical solution. New York Times, Thursday, January 26. p. A19. [abolish tenure, quantity vs. quality of hours, mentors, hiring and retaining senior women]

Tilghman, S.M. 1995. Mills College Summit on Women in Science: "Why I became a scientist." AWIS Magazine (Association for Women in Science) 24(1): 10–11. [Tilghman became president of Princeton University ∼2001]

Tobias, S. 1992. Women in science—women and science. Journal of College Science Teaching 21(5): 276–278.

Tobias, S., M. Urry and A. Venkatesan. 2002. Physics: For women, the last frontier. Science 296: 1201.

Todes DP. 2002. Opportunities for women in science (Russia, 1912). Nature 416(6878): 262. [on two women that worked in Pavlov’s laboratory in 1912: Maria Kapitonovna Petrova and Maria Nikolaevna Erofeeva]

Tolbert, P.S., T. Simons, A. Andrews and J. Rhee. 1995. The effects of gender composition in academic departments on faculty turnover. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 48(3): 562–579.

Tolun A. 2001. Comment on Holger Breithaupt's article 'Losing them is not an option' in EMBO reports, August 2001. EMBO Reports 2(10): 860–861. [see original article by Breithaupt 2001 on the number of women in the natural sciences in Europe]

Tomes, E.K., and E. Shaw-Nickerson. 1986. Predecessors of modern black nurses: An honored role. Journal of the National Black Nurses Association 1: 72–78.

Tonso, K.L. 1996. Affirmative action: response to Rossi. The Association for Women in Mathematics Newsletter 26: 18–19.

Toren N. 1990. Would more women make a difference? Academic women in Israel. In: Storming the Tower: Women in the Academic World (S.S. Lie and V.E. O'Leary, eds.), Nichols/GP Publishing, New York, NY, pp. 74–85.

Toren, N. 2000. Hurdles in the Halls of Science: the Israeli Case. Lexington Books, Lanham, MD, 182 pp. [”This book is based on the first comprehensive research on women in academia in Israel.” It focuses on 3 “key variables”: stereotypes, numbers and differential treatment.]

Torrens, H.S., E. Benamy, E.B. Daeschler, E.E. Spamer and A.E. Bogan. 2000. Etheldred Benett of Wiltshire, England, the first lady geologist—Her fossil collection in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and the rediscovery of "lost" specimens of Jurassic Trigoniidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) with their soft anatomy preserved. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 150: 59–123. [Etheldred Benett (1755-1845) of Wiltshire, England, was most likely the first female geologist, at least in Britain.]

Toscano MA. 2006. Part-time working mothers: No longer the underground of science. AWIS Magazine 35(2): 10–12.

Toscano, M.A. 2006. Part-time working mothers - no longer the underground of science - part 2. Gaea (Newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists) 29(4): 1,10–12.

Tosi LL, Mankin HJ. 1998. Ensuring the success of women in academic orthopaedics. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 356: 254–263.

Travis, J. 1993. Programs that work: Making room for women in the culture of science. Science 260: 412–415. (filed with Benditt, 1993) Travis, J. 1993. Schools stumble on an Afrocentric science essay. Science 262: 1121–1122. [Part of a special issue on Minorities in Science edited by Elizabeth Culotta]

Tregenza, T. 2002. Gender bias in the refereeing process? Trends in Ecology and Evolution (TREE) 17(8): 349–350.

Trix F, Psenka C. 2003. Exploring the color of glass: Letters of recommendation for female and male medical faculty. Discourse and Society 14(2): 191–220. [a study of the differences in letters of recommendation written for women vs. men. The study found that letters for women reinforced societal stereotypes and schemas about women]

Trower, C.A. 2002. Women without tenure, part 1. Science Next Wave, 14 September 2001, 7 pp. [available on: http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/09/12/3?]

Trower, C.A. 2002. Women without tenure, part two: The gender sieve. Science Next Wave 25 January 2002 [http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/01/24/7]

Trower, C.A. 2002. Women without tenure, part 3: Why they leave. Science Next Wave, 22 March 2002, 5 pp. [available on: http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/03/18/3?]

Trower, C.A. 2002. Women without tenure, part 4: Why it matters; what to do. Science Next Wave, 12 April 2002 [http://nextwave.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2002/04/11/2]

Trower, C.A., and J.L. Bleak. 2004. Gender: statistical report [universities]. The Study of New Scholars—Tenure-Track Faculty Job Satisfaction Survey. Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA. [a report on salaries, tenure and work satisfaction among faculty women]

Tuana, N. 1986. Re-presenting the world: feminism and the natural sciences. Frontiers 8(3): 73–78. [A discussion of books and other sources on women in science. Includes not only books about women scientists, but also books on the philosophy of science and how it has been shaped by exclusion of women and women's ideas. Includes a large bibliography.]

Tucker CM. 2000. Promoting success in math among African-American female children: A self- empowerment approach. In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 143–157.

Turgeon, J.L., D.P. McDonnell, K.A. Martin, and P.M. Wise. 2004. Hormone therapy: Physiological complexity belies therapeutic simplicity. Science 304: 1269–1273.

Turner, E. 2001. The case for responsibility of the IT industry to promote equality for women in computing. Science and Engineering Ethics 7: 247–260.

Twark, C. 2006. A conversation with Lawrence Summers on women in science and A Hand Up. AWIS Magazine (Association for Women in Science) 35(3): 19–22.

Uberoi C. 1993. India's long history of women in science (Letter to the editor). Physics Today 46(4): 92.

Uhlmann, E.L., and G.L. Cohen. 2005. Constructed criteria: Redefining merit to justify discrimination. Psychological Science 16(6): 474–480.

United States General Accounting Office (GAO). 2003. Report to Congressional Requesters: Women's Earnings: Work Patterns Partially Explain Difference between Men's and Women's Earnings. United States General Accounting Office, Washington, DC, 76 pp.

Urry M., and N. Thompson. 2004. The Marie Curie Nobel Centennial Symposium at Yale University: celebrating women in science. AWIS Magazine 33(2): 15–21.

Vahadji C. 2004. Women and minority faculty are drastically underrepresented in science and engineering. AWIS Magazine 33(1): 37–38.

Vahadji, C., and C. Vahadji. 2004. Smith College graduates first all-women class of engineers. AWIS Magazine 33(2): 7–11.

Valentine JS. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1615.

Valian, V. 1998. Why so slow? The advancement of women. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 401 pp.

Valian, V. 1998. Sex, schemas, and success. What's keeping women back? Academe 84(5): 50–55. [ an article based on her book, which addresses all the hidden factors that prevent women from being promoted, both in business and in academia.]

Valian, V. 2004. Beyond gender schemas: improving the advancement of women in academia. NWSA Journal (National Women's Studies Association) 16(1): 207–220.

Vandell, K., and L. Fishbein. 1989. Women and tenure: The opportunity of a century. AAUW Magazine, December, 1989, 4 pp. [stats on tenured women, or lack thereof]

VanLeuvan P. 2004. Young women's science/mathematics career goals from seventh grade to high school graduation. The Journal of Educational Research 97(5): 248–267.

Verbrugge, M.H. 1976. Women and medicine in nineteenth-century America. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 1(4): 957–972.

Verrall M. 1994. 'Role models not important in helping women choose science'. Nature 370(6485): 88. [on a survey conducted by the Wellcome Trust in London]

Vescio, T.K., S.J. Gervais, M. Snyder and A. Hoover. 2005. Power and the creation of patronizing environments: The stereotype-based behaviors of the powerful and their effects on female performance in masculine domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88(4): 658–672.

Vetter B. 1992. Ferment: yes-progress: maybe-change: slow. Mosaic 23(3): 34–41. [on the glass ceiling phenomenon]

Vidal, A. 2002. Methods for retention of undergraduate women in science majors. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 34(6): 121. [abstract]

Vigilant L. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1614.

Viner N, Powell P, Green R. 2004. Institutionalized biases in the award of research grants: A preliminary analysis revisiting the principle of accumulative advantage. Research Policy 33(3): 443–454.

Vitug, M.D. 1994. The Philippines: Fighting the patriarchy in growing numbers. Science 263: 1491-1492 [Women in Science '94, special section of Science magazine, ed. by J. Benditt].

Waage, J.K., and P.A. Gowaty. 1997. Myths of genetic determinism. In: Feminism and Evolutionary Biology: Boundaries, Intersections, and Frontiers (P.A. Gowaty, ed.), Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 585–613.

Wade, D. 2002. Nobel women (letter to the editor). Science 295: 439 [In the past 100 years, 478 people have received the Nobel; only 11 of these are women; only 3 of these are still alive: Rosalyn Yalow, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Rita Levi-Montalcini.]

Wadman, M. 2000. Women and ethnic minorities needed for US skills gap. Nature 404(6780): 800 ["A projected shortage of science and technology workers could have a devastating effect on the US economy by 2050 unless addressed now, a new report from the White House states."]

Wagner, J.D., and S.R. Caudill. 2003. Women scientists: 9.3 minutes of fame? Science 300: 1875 (letter to the editor on the amount of time women scientists were portrayed on the PBS series, Evolution]

Wagner, M. 1995. A global witch-hunt (against independent mid-wives) (Viewpoint). Lancet 346(8981): 1020–1022.

Wainer J. 2003. Gender and the medical curriculum: A rural case study. Women and Health 37(4): 67–87.

Wainer, H., and L.S. Steinberg. 1992. Sex differences in performance on the mathematics section of the Scholastic Aptitude Test: A bidirectional validity study. Harvard Educational Review 62(3): 323–336.

Wake, M.H. 1993. Two-career couples—attitudes and opportunities. Bioscience 43(4): 238–240.

Walberg, H.J. 1969. Physics, femininity, and creativity. Developmental Psychology 1(1): 47–54. [a survey on attitudes of male and female students in a high school physics class]

Waldfogel, J. 1998. The family gap for young women in the United States and Britain: can maternity leave make a difference? Journal of Labor Economics 16(3): 505–545.

Wallace AE, Weeks WB. 2002. Differences in income between male and female primary care physicians. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association 57(4): 180–184.

Walker ARP. 1999. Women—how far still to go?. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 92(2): 57–59.

Walker CL, Stewart EA. 2005. Uterine fibroids: The elephant in the room. Science 308(5728): 1589–1592.

Walker, S. 2002. BMA negotiator calls for more male medical students (Letters). British Medical Journal 324(7361): 1453 [a letter to the editor in response to a comment that males should be preferred in medical school because "you do not get 35-40 years of service from the females."]

Waller D. 2006. Women editors: Nominees turned down Evolution job (Letter to the editor). Nature 441: 812. [a letter in reply to the article on the lack of women editors at science journals; see Waller 2006]

Wallon G. 2002. Tapping into the pool of women. EMBO Reports 3(4): 302–304. [Europe’s high tech industries are discovering that they need to hire women as they are lackly the skilled employees to keep their businesses running.]

Wallon G. 2002. The law is not enough. EMBO Reports 3(10): 915–918. [on the publication of the ‘Helsinki report’ on the situation of women in science in Europe]

Wallon G. 2005. Aptitude or attitude?. EMBO Reports 6(5): 400–402. [on the comments by the President of Harvard, Lawrence Summer, on women in science and how little understanding the public has of why women are under-represented in science]

Walsh, M.R. 1982. The quirks of a woman's brain. In: Biological Woman—The Convenient Myth: A Collection of Feminist Essays and a Comprehensive Bibliography (R. Hubbard, M.S. Henifin and B. Fried, eds.), Schenkman Publishing Co. Inc., Cambridge, MA, pp. 240–263. [on the participation of women in nineteenth- century medicine]

Walton, A. 1986. Women scientists: Are they really different? An exploration of the significance of attitudes. In: Perspectives on Gender and Science, J. Harding (ed.), The Falmer Press, London, pp. 9–28.

Ward B. 1996. Climbing the pyramid of under-representation: Female geology students in the UK higher education, 1981–1991. In: Geoscience Education and Training: In schools and universities, for industry and public awareness, Stow DAV, McCall GJH, eds., A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, pp. 757–764.

Ward JE, Donnelly N. 1998. Is there gender bias in research fellowships awarded by the NHMRC?. Medical Journal of Australia 169: 623–624. [NHMRC = National Health and Medical Research Council, in Australia; a similar study to that done by Wenneras and Wold 1997 in Sweden]

Ward K, Wolf-Wendel L. 2004. Academic motherhood: Managing complex roles in research universities. The Review of Higher Education 27(2): 233–257. [on balancing work and family]

Ward, K., and L. Wolf-Wendel. 2004. Fear factor—How safe is it to make time for family?. Academe 90(6): 28–31.

Wasley P. 2006. Women's gains in sciences at MIT have stalled, study finds. The Chronicle of Higher Education 52(34): A14.

Watson D, Andersen AC, and Hjorth J. 2005. Mysterious disappearance of female investigators (Letter to the Editor). Nature 436: 174. [on the lack of women awardees for the first European Young Investigator awards; the authors call for a study similar to that done by Wenneras and Wold, 1997 on post-doctoral fellowships in Sweden.]

Watson, P.J., and M.C. Kennedy. 2000. The development of horticulture in the eastern woodlands of North America. In: Feminism and the Body (L. Schiebinger, ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 293–314.

Watts, G. 2004. Balancing work and family for faculty: why it's important. Academe 90: 21–23.

Wax, A.L. 2004. Family - friendly workplace reform: prospects for change. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 596: 36–61. Special issue, "Mommies and Daddies on the Fast Track: Success of Parents in Demanding Professions," (J.A. Jacobs and J.F. Madden, eds.).

Weasel, L.H. 2001. The cell in relation: An ecofeminist revision of cell and molecular biology. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 423–436.

Weasel LH, Honrado M, and Bautista DP. 2000. The forgotten few: Developing curricula on women in the physical sciences and engineering (with syllabus). In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 251–263.

Weasel, L.H., M. Honrado and D.P. Bautista. 2001. The forgotten few: Developing curricula on women in the physical sciences and engineering. In: Feminist Science Studies: A New Generation (M. Mayberry, B. Subramaniam and L.H. Weasel, eds.), Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 173–192.

Weaver EC, and Bird SJ. 1992. Women in science: The response (Letter to the editor). Science 256(5064): 1613.

Webb, R.M., D. Lubinski and C. P. Benbow. 2002. Mathematically facile adolescents with math-science aspirations: New perspectives on their educational and vocational development. Journal of Educational Psychology 94(4): 785–794.

Webb, S.L. 1995. Female-friendly environmental science: Building connections and life skills. In: Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Teachers College Press, New York, NY, pp. 193–210.

Webster, B.D. 1989. Opening doors for women in academia. Bioscience 39(2): 96–98. [basic overview by a systematic botanist; history and future suggestions]

Webster BM. 2001. Polish women in science: A bibliometric analysis of Polish science and its publications, 1980–1999. Research Evaluation 10(3): 185–194.

Weiler, C.S. and P.H. Yancey. 1989. Dual-career couples and science: Opportunities, challenges and strategies. Oceanography 2: 28-31 ["If science is to be considered a viable dual-career option, perceptions and attitudes about the compatibility of family and science career must change."]

Weiler, C.S. and P.H. Yancey. 1992. Dual-career couples and academic science. Journal of College Science Teaching 21(4): 217–222.

Weinman, J. 1998. Q: Do public schools shortchange girls on educational opportunities?; Yes: Girls still face barriers in schools that prevent them from reaching their full potential. Insight on the News 14(46): 24. [see also Kleinfeld, 1998 for the “No” answer to this question.]

Weinreich-Haste, H. 1984. The values and aspirations of English women undergraduates. In: Is Higher Education Fair to Women? S. Acker and D.W. Piper, eds., SRHE & NFER-Nelson, pp. 116–131.

Weis L. 1987. Academic women in science 1977-1984 . Academe-Bulletin of the AAUP 73(1): 43–47.

Weisman, C.S., and S.D. Cassard. 1994. Health consequences of exclusion or under representation of women in clinical studies (I). In: Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies, Volume 2 - Workshop and Commissioned Papers (Mastroianni, A.C., R. Faden and D. Federman, eds.), National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 35–40.

Weiss, Y., and L. Lillard. 1982. Output variability, academic labor contracts, and waiting times for promotion. Research in Labor Economics 5: 157–188.

Weissman, M.M. and M. Olfson. 1995. Depression in women: Implications for health care research. Science 269: 799–801. (Filed with Hurtley and Benditt, 1995) Wells S. 1996. Women write science: The case of Hannah Longshore. College English 58(2): 176–191.

Wenger NK. 2003. Reflections of a "lady doctor". Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia 92(2): 13–14. [then vs now at the Harvard Medical School; Dr. Wenger graduated from HMS in 1954]

Wennerås, C., and A. Wold. 1997. Nepotism and sexism in peer-review. Nature 387: 341–343. [a now- famous study that examined applications for prestigious post-doctoral fellowships in Sweden with regard to gender]

Wennerås, C., and A. Wold. 2001. Nepotism and sexism in peer-review. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 42–48.

Wennerås, C., and A. Wold. 2000. A chair of one's own. Nature 408(6813): 647. ["The upper reaches of academe remain stubbornly inaccessible to women."]

Wenzel TJ. 2003. Controlling the climate in your classroom. Analytic Chemistry 75(13): 311A-314A. [on the chilly classroom climate for women and how faculty can address the issue]

Wertheim, M. 1995. Pythagoras' Trousers: God, Physics, and the Gender Wars. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 297 pp. [a 'cultural and social history of physics from ancient Greece to our own time." "Wertheim suggests that the priestly culture of physics has served…as a powerful barrier to the entry of women."]

Wertheim, M. 2006. Numbers are male, said Pythagoras, and the idea persists. The New York Times 2006(Oct. 3): F2.

West, J. and K. Lyon. 1995. The trouble with equal opportunities: the case of women academics. Gender and Education 7(1): 51–68. [looks at Bristol University, UK, and the development of equal opportunities there]

West, M.S. 1995. Women faculty frozen in time. Academe (publication of the American Association of University Professors, a union for University faculty) 81: 26–29.

West, M.S., and J.W. Curtis. 2006. AAUP Faculty Gender Equity Indicators 2006. American Association of University Professors, Washington, DC, 86 pp.

Whatley, M.H. 1986. Taking feminist science to the classroom: Where do we go from here? In: Feminist Approaches to Science, ed. Ruth Bleier, Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 181–190.

White, G. 2001. The changing face of AFS: Participation of women and minorities since 1976. Fisheries 26(1): 28. [AFS=American Fisheries Society]

White, K.S. 1998. Diversity in the science work force. Geotimes 43(12): 11 [news article on H.R. 3007, which establishes "a commission to study and report on the barriers that women, minorities, and persons with disabilities face in science and engineering and to propose solutions to these problems."]

White, L.D., K. Grove, D. Dempsey, O. Garcia, N. Garfield, T. Kheradyar, M.J. La Force, R. Pestrong and B. Thorpe. 2003. Reaching out to communities and kids with science. Geotimes 48(9): 18–19. [a special issue of Geotimes, "Diversity in the geosciences," ed. by M. Smith] [on an NSF-supported program to involve K- 12 students and teachers from under-represented groups in San Francisco in the geosciences]

Whitelegg, L. 2001. Girls in science education: Of rice and fruit trees. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 373–381.

Whitten BL, Burciaga JR. 2000. Feminist and multicultural pedagogy in physics: A status report (with syllabus). In: Building Inclusive Science: Connecting Women’s Studies and Women in Science and Engineering (S.V. Rosser, ed.), Women's Studies Quarterly 28(1-2): 213–235.

Wickware, P. 1997. Along the leaky pipeline. Nature 390: 202–203.

Wickware, P. 2000. US minorities stake their claim in science and engineering. Nature 405(6787): 717-718 [special section of Nature on women and minorities in science].

Wilkinson, S. 2002. Still seeking transformation: feminist challenges to psychology. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kournay, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 218–227.

Williams CL. 1992. The glass escalator: Hidden advantages for men in the "female" professions. Social Problems 39(3): 253–267. [on men in 4 professions dominated by women: elementary school teaching, librarianship, nursing, and social work. The author finds that men encounter advantages in these professions, rather than discrimination. Only people outside their profession seem prejudiced against them.]

Williams, J. 2000. How the tenure track discriminates against women. The Chronicle of Higher Education (Career Network online), October 27, 2000, ∼3pp. http://chronicle.com/jobs/2000/10/2000102703c.htm

Williams, J. 2003. The subtle side of discrimination. The Chronicle of Higher Education 49(32): C5 [how to find a balance between work and family in academia] [available online: http://chronicle.com/jobs/2003/04/2003041401c.htm

Williams, J. 2004. Part-timers on the tenure track. The Chronicle of Higher Education's Career Network. http://chronicle.com/jobs/2004/10/2004101401c.htm

Williams, J.C. 2004. Hitting the maternal wall. Academe 90(6): 16–20. [“There are many subtle ways in which women are disadvantaged in pursuing academic careers. Recognizing stereotypes is the first way to eliminate them.”]

Williams JM. 1994. Factors in success: Women geologists at the undergraduate level. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 26(7): A47.

Williams, N. 1998. EU moves to decrease the gender gap. Science 280: 822 [news article. EU = European Union].

Williams N. 2005. EURYI scheme aims to stop women disappearing. Nature 437: 192.

Wils K. 1999. Science, an ally of feminism? Esabelle Gatti de Gamond on women and science. Revue Belge de Philogie et d'Histoire 77(2): 416–439. [Gatti de Gamond was a leading Belgian feminist of the 19th century]

Wilson, D.S. 1998. Patterns in publishing in three North American herpetological journals: Gender biases. Herpetologica 54(Suppl.): S35-S42.

Wilson, R. 1996. Report praises 29 colleges for "family friendly" policies. The Chronicle of Higher Education 43(7), October 11, 1996. [available from http://chronicle.com]

Wilson, R. 1997. At Harvard, Yale, and Stanford, women lose tenure bids despite backing from departments. The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 6, 1997, A10-A11.

Wilson, R. 1999. The frustrating career of the 'trailing spouse'. The Chronicle of Higher Education 45(28), March 19, 1999: A12-A13.

Wilson, R. 2001. MIT professor's suspicion of bias leads to a new movement for academic women. Gaea (newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists) 24(2): 8–10.

Wilson, R. 2001. A push to help new parents prepare for tenure reviews: AAUP wants colleges to grant them extra time—even if they don't take leaves. The Chronicle of Higher Education (November 9, 2001) 48(11): A10.

Wilson, R. 2002. Academic couples said to be happier working at same university. The Chronicle of Higher Education 48(47): A12.

Wilson, R. 2002. Stacking the deck for minority candidates?. The Chronicle of Higher Education 48(44): A10-A12. [on a minority faculty hiring program at Virginia Tech]

Wilson, R. 2003. The unintended consequences of affirmative action. The Chronicle of Higher Education 49(2): A10. [effects of affirmative action on minorities at universities]

Wilson, R. 2003. Duke and Princeton will spend more to make female professors happy. The Chronicle of Higher Education (October 10, 2003) 50(7): A12.

Wilson R. 2003. How babies alter careers for academics. The Chronicle of Higher Education 50(15): A1.

Wilson R. 2004. Women are underrepresented in sciences at top research universities, study finds. The Chronicle of Higher Education 2004(Jan. 13): 9.

Wilson, R. 2005. Gender gap on physics faculties stems from choice of major, not bias in hiring, report says. The Chronicle of Higher Education: Today's News, on-line February 23, 2005, http://chronicle.com/daily/2005/02/2005022302n.htm, 2 pp.

Wilson R. 2005. Women in the National Academy. The Chronicle of Higher Education 51(40): A8-A10.

Wilson R. 2006. The chemistry between women and science. The Chronicle of Higher Education 52(38): A10-A12. [“3 female chemists talk about paths to success for women in their field.”]

Wilson R. 2006. A hothouse for female scientists: Small colleges, big results. The Chronicle of Higher Education 52(35): A12.

Wilson R. 2006. A hothouse for female scientists: At Carleton, working closely with professors leads women to careers in science. The Chronicle of Higher Education 52(35): A13.

Wilson R. 2006. Dartmouth to provide paid leave to graduate students with new children. The Chronicle of Higher Education: Today's News 2006(May 19): 1 pp.

Wilson, R. 2006. At Central Florida, Hispanic women give each other advice and a sympathetic ear. The Chronicle of Higher Education 53(6): B6-B8.

Wilson, R. 2006. Harvard notes a decline in proportion of women who accepted offers of tenure-track faculty jobs. The Chronicle of Higher Education Today's News 2006(Oct. 24): 2 pp.

Wilson, R. 2006. Advice for minority professors on the tenure track (interview). The Chronicle of Higher Education 53(6): B18-B19.

Wilson, R. 2006. AAUP report blames colleges for gender inequity among professors. Chronicle of Higher Education: Today's News 2006(Oct. 26): 2 pp.

Wilson, R., and P. Fain. 2006. Lawrence Summers quits as Harvard President in advance of new no- confidence vote; Derek Bok to step in. The Chronicle of Higher Education, Today’s News, 21 February 2006. [available online: http://chronicle.com/free/2006/02/2006022106n.htm]

Wilson R, and Fogg P. 2004. Female professors say Harvard is not granting tenure to enough women. The Chronicle of Higher Education 51(6): A14.

Wilverman, E.R. 1997. NSF employment study confirms issues facing women, minorities. The Scientist 11(8): 1,5.

Windows Team, Windows to the Universe. 2000. What role have women played in the history of the space program? Windows to the Universe, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, http://www.windows.ucar.eud/tour/link=/kids_space/nicole.html, 2 p.

Winkler JA. 2000. Faculty reappointment, tenure, and promotion: Barriers for women. Professional Geographer 52(4): 737–750.

Wise MR, Shapiro HS, Bodley J, Pittini R, McKay D, Willan A, Hannah ME. 2004. Factors affecting academic promotion in obstetrics and gynaecology in Canada. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 26(2): 127–136.

Winkler, J.A., D. Tucker and A.K. Smith. 1996. Salaries and advancement of women faculty in atmospheric science: Some reasons for concern. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 77(3): 473–490.

Wisker, G. 1996. Empowering Women in Higher Education. Kogan Page, Ltd., London, U.K., 153 p. [This book is for both women students and staff in higher education and includes information about promoting women’s learning, recruitment of staff, and balancing work and home, among other topics.]

Witelson SF, Glezer II, Kigar DL. 1995. Women have greater density of neurons in posterior temporal cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience 15(5): 3418–3428.

Witkowski T. 2005. Mass. academic pay shows gender split. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 2005(April 25): 2 pp. [a study showing that female faculty at Massachusetts’ universities are generally paid less than men at the same rank]

Witt, S.L. and E. Smith. 1995. The experience of African American women in the academic work place—Doubly disadvantaged or meeting the challenge of greater opportunity? Review of Public Personnel Administration 15(1): 24–40. [Findings from a nationwide matched sample survey of faculty at US universities; suggests that among comparably situated academics there is little difference across gender and race in subjectively assessed job-related stress. Not just women in science, but women in the academic work place].

Wolf-Wendel LE. 1994. Models of excellence: The baccalaureate origins of successful European American women, African American women, and Latinas. The Journal of Higher Education 69(2): 141–186.

Wolf-Wendel LE. 2000. Women-friendly campuses: What five institutions are doing right. The Review of Higher Education 23(3): 319–345.

Wolf-Wendel L. 2003. Gender and higher education: What should we learn from women's colleges?. In: Gendered Futures in Higher Education: Critical Perspectives for Change, Ropers-Huilman B, eds., State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, pp. 35–52.

Wolf-Wendel L, and Ward K. 2003. Future prospects for women faculty: Negotiating work and family. In: Gendered Futures in Higher Education: Critical Perspectives for Change, Ropers-Huilman B, eds., State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, pp. 111–134.

Wolf-Wendel LE, Baker BD, and Morphew CC. 2000. Dollars and $ense: Institutional resources and the baccalaureate origins of women doctorates. The Journal of Higher Education 71(2): 165–186.

Wolf-Wendel LE, Twombly S, and Rice S. 2000. Dual-career couples: Keeping them together. The Journal of Higher Education 71(3): 291–321.

Wolfe, C.C. 1999. Number of women faculty in the geosciences increasing, but slowly. Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union) 80(12): 133, 136.

Wong, Emily, Bigby J, Kleinpeter M, Mitchell J, Camacho D, Dan A, and Sarto G. 2001. Promoting the advancement of minority women faculty in academic medicine: The National Centers of Excellence in Women's Health. Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine 10(6): 541–550.

Wood, W., and S.J. Karten. 1986. Sex differences in interaction style as a product of perceived sex differences in competence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50(2): 341–347.

Woodhouse H, and Ndongko TM. 1993. Women and science education in Cameroon: Some critical reflections. Interchange 24(1-2): 131–158.

Wong, Min-Liang. 2005. The 'good old days'. EMBO Reports 6(1): 2. [Letter to the Editor on the difficulties that women have had in getting permanent jobs, including historial figures.]

Worthman CM. 1999. Evolutionary perspectives on the onset of puberty. In: Evolutionary Medicine, Trevathan WR, Smith EO, McKenna JJ, eds., Oxford University Press, New York, NY, pp. 135–163.

Wright AL, Schwindt LA, Bassford TL, Reyna VF, Shisslak CM, St. Germain PA, and Reed KL. 2003. Gender differences in academic advancement: Patterns, causes, and potential solutions in one U.S. college of medicine. Academic Medicine 78(5): 500–508.

Wrigley, J., editor. 1992. Education and Gender Equality. The Falmer Press, London, UK, 268 pp. [there are 12 papers in this edited volume; see individual papers relevant to this class under Thorne, Mickelson, and Baker and Jones]

Wylie, A. 2002. The engendering of archaeology: Refiguring feminist science studies. In: The Gender of Science (J.A. Kourany, ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 203-218 [reprinted from Osiris 12: 80-99, 1997]

Xie, Y., and K. Shauman. 1998. Sex differences in research productivity: New evidence about an old puzzle. American Sociological Review 63: 847–870.

Xie, Y., and K. Shauman. 1999. Gender differences in research productivity. The Scientist, September 27, 1999, p. 10.

Xie, Y., and K.A. Shauman. 2003. Women in Science: Career Processes and Outcomes. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 318 pp. [this book covers women’s careers in science from high school to graduate school and beyond. They analyze a large amount of data on gender differences in science and engineering and discuss probable causes.]

Yang, J. 2002. China debates big drop in women physics majors. Science 295: 263 ["Women made up more than one-third of the physics majors at top Chinese universities in the 1970s. Now their numbers are far below those in the West. What happened?"]

Yarrison-Rice, J.M. 1995. On the problem of making science attractive for women and minorities: An annotated bibliography. American Journal of Physics 63(3): 203-211 [ 20 references with comments on their contents]

Yedidia MJ, Bickel J. 2001. Why aren't there more women leaders in academic medicine? The views of clinical department chairs. Academic Medicine 76(5): 453–465.

Zagorski N. 2005. Profile of Janet M. Thornton. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 102(35): 12296–12298. [Dr. Thornton is a structural biologist, who was recently elected to the National Academy]

Zaidel, D.W., A.C. Chen, and C. German. 1995. She is not a beauty even when she smiles: Possible evolutionary basis for a relationship between facial attractiveness and hemispheric specialization. Neuropsychologia 33(5): 649–655. [on the evolution and adaptivity of beauty]

Zallen, D.T. 2003. Despite Franklin's work, Wilkins earned his Nobel. Nature 425: 15. [on a letter from Francis Crick indicating Wilkins' and Franklin's contribution to the elucidation of the structure of DNA.]

Zebrowitz LA, Tenenbaum DR, Goldstein LH. 1991. The impact of job applicants' facial maturity, gender, and academic achievement on hiring recommendations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 21(7): 525–548.

Zerega, M.E., and H.J. Walberg. 1984. School science and femininity. In: Women in Science (special issue) (M.W. Steinkamp, M.L. Maehr, eds.), Advances in Motivation and Achievement 2: 37–50.

Zihlman AL. 1978. Women in evolution. Part II: Subsistence and social organization among early hominids. Signs 4(1): 4–20. [Zihlman is an anthropologist who studies human origins and women’s roles in early human social interactions.]

Zihlman, A.L. 1987. American Association of Physical Anthropologists annual luncheon address, April 1985: Sex, sexes, and sexism in human origins. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 30: 11–19.

Zihlman, A.L. 1995. Misreading Darwin on reproduction: Reductionism in evolutionary theory. In: Conceiving the New World Order: The Global Politics of Reproduction (F.D. Ginsburg and R. Rapp, eds.), University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, pp. 425–443.

Zihlman, A.L. 1997. The paleolithic glass ceiling: Women in human evolution. In: Women in Human Evolution (L.D. Hager, ed.), Routledge, New York, NY, pp. 91–113.

Zones, J.S. 1997. Beauty myths and realities and their impact on women’s health. Women’s Health: Complexities and Differences (S.B. Ruzek, V.L. Olesen, and A.E. Clarke, eds.), Ohio State University Press, Columbus, OH, pp. 249–275.

Zubritsky E. 2000. Women in analytical chemistry speak. Analytical Chemistry 72(7): 272A-281A. Zuckerman, H. 1991. The careers of men and women scientists: A review of current research. In: The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community (H. Zuckerman, J.R. Cole and J.R. Bruer, eds.), W.W. Norton & Company, NY, pp. 27–56.

Zuckerman, H., J.R. Cole and J.T. Bruer, eds. 1991. The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community. W.W. Norton & Company, NY, 351 pp. [includes 10 articles plus 3 interviews with living scientists. The articles are on productivity of women scientists, careers of men vs. women scientists, discrimination, and barriers to women's careers in science. See individual articles under Astin; Bielby; Cole and Fiorentine; Cole and Singer; Epstein; Fox; Keller; Zuckerman]

Zuk, M. 1993. Feminism and the study of animal behavior. Bioscience 43(11): 774–778.

Zuk, M. 1997. Darwinian medicine dawning in a feminist light. In: Feminism and Evolutionary Biology: Boundaries, Intersections, and Frontiers (P.A. Gowaty, ed.), Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 417–430. [ "Darwinian medicine" = the application of evolutionary theory to medicine, e.g., the adaptations of disease processes]

Zuk, M. 2002. Sexual Selections : What We Can and Can't Learn about Sex from Animals. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 239 pp. [a review of animal behavioral research, especially how the researchers’ cultural biases can affect their observation of animals. See review by Eakin, 2002]

Zuk M, Rosenqvist G. 2005. Evaluation bias hits women who aren't twice as good. Nature 438: 559. [Letter to the editor in response to an editorial about campus child care; Zuk and Rosenqvist note that more is needed than child care—women are not evaluated the same as men]

Zumeta, W., and J.S. Raveling. 2002. The best and brightest for science: Is there a problem here? Commission on Professionals in Science and Technology, Washington, DC, 20 pp.

Zweifel, H. 2001. The gendered nature of biodiversity conservation. In: The Gender and Science Reader (M. Lederman and I. Bartsch, eds.), Routledge, London, UK, pp. 289–302.

Biographical and Historical Material

Abir-Am, P.G. 1987. Synergy or clash: Disciplinary and marital strategies in the career of mathematical biologist Dorothy Wrinch. In: Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science, 1789-1979 (P.G. Abir-Am and D. Outram, eds.), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, pp. 239–280.

Abir-Am, P.G. 1996. Collaborative couples who wanted to change the world: The social policies and personal tensions of the Russells, the Myrdals, and the Mead-Batesons. In: Creative Couples in the Sciences (H.M. Pycior, N.G. Slack, and P.G. Abir-Am, eds.), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, pp. 267–281. [Dora and Bertrand Russell and Alva and Gunnar Myrdal were social philosophers; Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson were anthropologists.]

Abir-Am, P.G., and D. Outram, eds. 1987. Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science, 1789–1979. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, 365 pp. [see individual papers under Abir-Am, Ainley, Kidwell, Kohlstedt, Morantz-Sanchez, Ogilvie, Pycior, and Shteir]

Abir-Am., P.G., H.M. Pycior, and N.G. Slack. 1996. Appendix: Additional collaborative couples and other cross-gender collaborators. In: Creative Couples in the Sciences (H.M. Pycior, N.G. Slack, and P.G. Abir- Am, eds.), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, pp. 283–288.

Abram, R. 1985. Send Us a Lady Physician: Women Doctors in America 1835–1920. W.W. Norton and Company, NY, 255 pp.

Abrams, L. 1949. Alice Eastwood—western botanist. Pacific Discovery 2: 14-17 [Eastwood was a botanist who worked on the systematics of the Liliaceae (lily family)]

Ainley, M.G. 1987. Field work and family: North American women ornithologists, 1900–1950. In: Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science, 1789-1979 (P.G. Abir-Am and D. Outram, eds.), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, pp. 60–76.

Ainley, M.G. 1990. Last in the field? Canadian women natural scientists, 1815–1965. In: Despite the Odds: Essays on Canadian Women and Science (M.G. Ainley, ed.), Véhicule Press, Montréal, pp. 25–62.

Ainley, M.G. 1996. Marriage and scientific work in twentieth-century Canada: The Berkeleys in marine biology and the Hoggs in astronomy. In: Creative Couples in the Sciences (H.M. Pycior, N.G. Slack, and P.G. Abir-Am, eds.), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, pp. 143–155.

Ajzenberg-Selove, Fa. 1994. A Matter of Choices: Memoirs of a Female Physicist. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, 234 pp.

Alcamo, I.E. 1997. Gertrude Belle Elion (1918- ). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 143–149.

Aldrich, M.L. 1990. Women in geology. In: Women of Science: Righting the Record (G. Kass-Simon and P. Farnes, eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, pp. 42–71.

Aldrich, M.L., and A.E. Leviton. 2001. Orra White Hitchcock (1796-1863) geological illustrator: Another belle of Amherst. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 33(6): 246. [abstract]

Alic, M. 1981. Women and technology in ancient Alexandria: Maria and Hypatia. Women’s Studies International Quarterly 4(3): 305–312. [In ancient Egypt, Maria the Jewess was one of the founders of alchemy and Hypatia was a mathematician as well as a designer of scientific instruments.]

Alic, M. 1986. Hypatia's Heritage: A History of Women in Science from Antiquity to the Late Nineteenth Century. Beacon Press, Boston, MA, 230 pp.

Allen, D.E. 1978. The first woman pteridologist. British Pteridological Society Bulletin 1978: 247–249. [Margaretta Hopper was a British botanist who studied ferns.]

Allen, D.E. 1980. The women members of the Botanical Society of London, 1836–1856. The British Journal for the History of Science 13(45): 240–254.

Allen N. 1992. Australian women in science: Two unorthodox careers. Women's Studies International Forum 15(5/6): 551–562. [on Helen Newton Turner, an animal geneticist, and Isobel Bennett, a marine biologist]

Allen, S. 1995. 2 Americans, German share medicine Nobel. Boston Globe 10/10/95, Tuesday, City Edition, p. 3 [Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard is the German. The three won for their work on Drosophila genetics] (see also article by Henahan).

Ambrose, S.A., K.L. Dunkle, B.B. Lazarus, I. Nair and D.A. Harkus. 1997. Journeys of Women in Science and Engineering: No Universal Constants. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA, 461 pp. [First-person profiles of 88 women derived from interviews conducted by an interdisciplinary team; includes photos of most. (A good source for information on living scientists). Includes a profile of Margaret N. Rees, Antarctic geologist (and KU grad.!), pp. 308-313 (see entry under Rees, P.)]

Anderson, L.G. 1939. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, 1836-1917, by her daughter, Louisa Garrett Anderson. Faber and Faber Ltd., London, 338 p. Andriole, V.T. 1959. Florence Rena Sabin—teacher, scientist, citizen. Journal of the History of Medicine 14: 320–350. [Dr. Sabin was a medical researcher and advocate for public health in the state of Colorado.]

Anonymous. 1907. Miss Clara Eaton Cummings (obituary). Science 25(628): 77–78. [Cummings was a botanist and faculty member at Wellesley College.]

Anonymous. 1910. Elizabeth Blackwell (obituary). The Lancet 1(4528): 1657–1658. [Dr. Blackwell was the first woman to graduate from a U.S. medical school.]

Anonymous. 1918. Miss Ethel Sargant (obituary). Nature 100 (2518): 428–429. [Ethel Sargant was a British botanist who specialized in studies of the monocots (lilies and their relatives)]

Anonymous. 1994. Black women firsts: Pioneers in the struggle for racial and gender equality. Ebony 49(5): 1077.

Anonymous. 1999. Governor Pataki nominates Dr. Novello as Health Commissioner. Press release from New York State governor's office, June 3, 1999. Taken from: http://www.state.ny.us/governor/press/year99/june3_99.htm [Dr. Antonia Novello was the first woman and first Hispanic to be Surgeon General of the US. She became New York State Health Commissioner after serving as Surgeon General.]

Anonymous. 2000. Florence Sabin, Professor. Child Life 79(16): 26. [Dr. Sabin was a medical researcher and advocate for public health in the state of Colorado.]

Anonymous. 2003. Rosalind Franklin: The woman behind the DNA helix. Chemistry and Industry 2003(8): 13.

Anonymous. 2003. First Person—Lynn Margulis. The Scientist 17(13): 11 [an interview with Dr. Margulis, a proponent of the theory of endosymbiosis for the origin of eukaryotic cells]

Anonymous. 2004. Inventive minds. New Scientist 182(2443): 46. [on inventors, including Isabella Karle, who made advances in X-ray crystallography methods]

Anonymous. 2007. Shirley Ann Jackson, leader in higher education and government, to recieve Vannevar Bush Award. National Science Foundation Press Release 07-032: 3 pp. [Dr. Jackson is a nuclear physicist who is currently the president of Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute in NY. She is an African-American.]

Anonymous. 2007. ACM names first women to recieve Turing Award. ACM Press Release: 2 pp.

Antony, T.T. 1997. Rebecca Craighill Lancefield (1895-1981). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 266–273.

Appel, D. 2002. Aspirations in science and civics. Scientific American 286(3): 38–39. [”From the carbon- nanotube lab to the corridors of Washington power, Mildred S. Dresselhaus has followed a career that combines scientific research with public service.” Dr. Dresselhaus, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, is a physicist at M.I.T.]

Appel, T.A. 1994. Physiology in American women’s colleges: The rise and decline of a female subculture. Isis 85(1): 26-56 (reprinted in History of Women in the Sciences, S.G. Kohlstedt, ed., 1999, pp. 305-335) Apple, R.D. 1987. Mothers and Medicine: A Social History of Infant Feeding, 1890–1950. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI (Wisconsin Publications in the History of Science and Medicine, No. 7), 261 pp.

Apple, R.D., editor. 1990. Women, Health and Medicine in America: A Historical Handbook. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, 380 pp. [includes 20 articles plus an extensive bibliography; see individual entries under Baer, Beardsley, Bogdan, Borst, Higby, Litoff, Lynaugh, Morantz-Sanchez, Poirier, Tomes, and Morman et al.]

Arber, A. 1919. Obituary: Ethel Sargant, October 28, 1863—January 16, 1918. New Phytologist 18(3/4): 120–128. [Ethel Sargant was a British botanist who specialized in studies of the monocots (lilies and their relatives)]

Arber, M.A., and W.T. Stearn. 1968. List of published works of Agnes Arber, E.A.N. Arber and Ethel Sargant (by M.A. Arber) and Biographical notes (by W.T. Stern). Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History 4(7): 370–384. [The Arbers and Ethel Sargant were botanists. Agnes Arber is known for her theories of plant morphology.]

Arber MM. 1974. Emily Dix, D.Sc. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 85: 144–145. [Emily Dix was a British paleobotanist who worked on Carboniferous (coal age) floras.]

Arnold, L.B. 1984. Four Lives in Science: Women's Education in the Nineteenth Century. Schocken Books, NY, 179 pp. [includes information on Maria Martin Bachman, Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps, Louisa C. Allen Gregory, Florence Bascom, Eunice Foot and others].

Arnold LB. 1999. Becoming a geologist: Florence Bascom in Wisconsin, 1874–1887. Earth Sciences History 18(2): 159–179. [Bascom, 1962-1945, was a petrologist and field geologist]

Arnold, L.B. 2000. Becoming a geologist: Florence Bascom and Johns Hopkins, 1888–1895. Earth Sciences History 19(1): 2–25.

Arouni AJ, and Rich EC. 2003. Physician gender and patient care. Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine 6(1): 24–30.

Arthur CR, Saenz R, and Replogle WH. 2003. Breastfeeding education, treatment, and referrals by female physicians. Journal of Human Lactation 19(3): 303–309.

Ashby, R., and D.G. Ohrn, eds. 1995. Herstory: Women Who Changed the World. Viking, New York, NY, 304 pp. [of the women who “changed the world” unfortunately only 6 are scientists or doctors: Marie Curie, Margaret Mead, Antonia Novello, Valentina Tereshkova (first women in space), Mary Leakey, Rachel Carson. There is a 2-page biography for each, usually with a photograph.]

Ashford, J.I. 1990. The history of midwifery in the United States. Mothering 54: 64–71.

Ashwell, M. 2000. Elsie Widdowson (1906-2000). Nature 406(6798): 844 [obituary of Dr. Elsie Widdowson, an experimental British nutritionist who helped to shape war time rationing strategies].

Astin HS, Leland C. 1993. In the spirit of the times: Three generations of women leaders. In: Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective, Glazer JS, Bensimon EM, Townsend BK, eds., Ginn Press, Needham Heights, MA, pp. 493–506.

Baer, E.D. 1990. Nurses. In: Women, Health and Medicine in America: A Historical Handbook (R.D. Apple, ed.), Garland Publishing, Inc., NY, pp. 459–475. [a history of nurses and nursing in the U.S.]

Bailey, M.J. 1994. American Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary. ABC-CLIO, Inc., Denver, CO, 463 pp.

Bailey, M.J. 1998. American Women in Science: 1950 to the Present. A Biographical Dictionary. ABC- CLIO, Santa Barbara, CA, 455 pp.

Baker, G. 1973. Dr. Isabel Clifton Cookson. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 4: iii-x. [biography of the Australian palynologist and paleobotanist]

Baker, R. 1944. The First Woman Doctor. Julian Messner, Inc., New York, NY, 246 pp.

Baker, S.J. 1992. Fighting for Life (excerpt). In: Written by Herself, Autobiographies of American Women: An Anthology, (J.K. Conway, ed.), Random House, NY, pp. 143–170. [Dr. S. Josephine Baker, 1873- 1945, received her medical degree from the New York Infirmary for Women and Children. She was a pioneer in public health, especially for children.]

Baldwin, R.S. 1981. The Fungus Fighters : Two Women Scientists and Their Discovery. Ocrnell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 212 pp. [on Elizabeth Lee Hazen, a microbiologist, and Rachel Fuller Brown, a chemist, the discoverers of Nystatin, one of the first anti-fungal drugs developed]

Baly, M.E. 1990. Florence Nightingale and the establishment of the first school at St. Thomas’s—Myth vs. Reality. In: Florence Nightingale and her Era: A Collection of New Scholarship (V. Bullough, B. Bullough and M.P. Stanton, eds.), Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY, pp. 3–22.

Bancroft, A., L. Arnesen, with C. Dahle. 2003. No Horizon is So Far: A Historic Journey across Antarctica. Da Capo Press, Cambridge, MA, 253 pp. [the story of two former schoolteachers, one from the US and one from Norway, who were the first women to cross the continent of Antarctica on foot.]

Barbour R. 1997. Lucy Hutchinson, atomism and the atheist dog. In: Women, Science and Medicine 1500-1700: Mothers and Sisters of the Royal Society (Hunter L, and Hutton S, eds.), Sutton Publishing, Phoenix Mill, UK, pp. 122–137.

Bardell EB. 1984. America's only school of pharmacy for women. Pharmacy in History 26(3): 127–133.

Bardolph R. 1959. The Negro Vanguard. Rinehart and Company, New York, NY, 388 pp. [excerpts on scientists = pp. 184-188, 315-318; mentions George Washington Carver, several prominent black physicians from the early 1900s, Ernest E. Just, and several other scientists) Barnett, A. 2005. Hooked on catfish. New Scientist 185: 46–49. [on Lucia Rapp Py-Daniel, a fish systematist from Brazil]

Barnhart, J.H. 1935. The published work of Elizabeth Gertrude Britton. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 62(1): 1–17. [Britton was a botanist who specialized in ferns and mosses, and was important in the development of the New York Botanical Garden in its early years.]

Barr, E.S. 1960. Maltby, Margaret Eliza, 1860-1944, American. American Journal of Physics 28: 474–475. [Dr. Maltby was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in physics from a German university and taught physics for 30+ years at Barnard College, although she was still an associate professor when she retired!]

Barr, E.S. 1964. The incredible Marie Curie and her family…physicists who have changed the course of history. The Physics Teacher 2(6): 251–259.

Barton, C. 2000. Marie Tharp, oceanographic cartographer. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 32(7): 88. [abstract]

Barton C. 2002. Marie Tharp, oceanographic cartographer, and her contributions to the revolution in the Earth sciences. In: The Earth Inside and Out: Some Major Contributions to Geology in the Twentieth Century, Oldroyd DR, eds., The Geological Society of London, London, UK, pp. 215–228.

Bartusiak, M. 1990. The woman who spins the stars. Discover 11(10): 88–94. [Vera Rubin's life and work in astronomy.]

Bashaw, C.T. 1993. Agnes Ellen Harris and leadership in the National Association of Deans of Women, 1929–1941. The Alabama Review 46: 243–266. [Harris was Dean of Women at the University of Alabama]

Baum, J. 1986. The calculating passion of Ada Byron. Archon Books, Hamden, CT, 133 pp. [Ada Byron was involved in the development of the first calculating machine in the 1840's. The Ada programming language is named after her.]

Bauman, R. 1980. The status of chicanas in medicine. Spanish-Speaking Mental Health Research Center—Research Bulletin 4(3): 6-7, 12–13.

Beardsley, E.H. 1990. Race as a factor in health. In: Women, Health and Medicine in America: A Historical Handbook (R.D. Apple, ed.), Garland Publishing, Inc., NY, pp. 121–140.

Beardsley, T. 1998. Smashing through science's glass ceiling. Scientific American 279(6): 36-38 [profile of Rita R. Colwell, new head of the National Science Foundation].

Beardsley TM. 2006. Kathleen K. Smith: Integrating the levels of evolution. BioScience 56(6): 470–474.

Becker, B.J. 1996. Dispelling the myth of the able assistant: Margaret and William Huggins at work in the Tulse Hill Observatory. In: Creative Couples in the Sciences (H.M. Pycior, N.G. Slack, and P.G. Abir-Am, eds.), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, pp. 98–111.

Benfey, T. 2006. Dorothy's hands. Chemical Heritage 24(4): 31. [On Dorothy Hodgkin, Nobel prize winner in chemistry.]

Bennett, A.H. 1915. English medical women: Glimpses of their work in peace and war. Pitman, London, 158 p. Bensaude-Vincent, B. 1996. Star scientists in a Nobelist family: Irène and Frédéric Jolie-Curie. In: Creative Couples in the Sciences (H.M. Pycior, N.G. Slack, and P.G. Abir-Am, eds.), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, pp. 57–71. [Irène Jolie-Curie and Frédéric Jolie shared the Nobel in physics in 1935 for their discoveries of new radioactive elements, obtained by bombarding non-radioactive elements with polonium]

Benson, E.R. 1990. Nineteenth century women, neophyte nursing profession, and the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893. In: Florence Nightingale and her Era: A Collection of New Scholarship (V. Bullough, B. Bullough and M.P. Stanton, eds.), Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY, pp. 108–122.

Benton, J.F. 1985. Trotula, women's problems, and the professionalization of medicine in the Middle Ages. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 59: 30–53.

Berczuk, C. 1999. Choices and successes: Honoring women pioneers. Interviews. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 22–33. [interviews with Joanne Simpson, meteorology; Mildred Dresselhaus, electrical engineering; Jewel Plummer Cobb, cell biology; Isabella L. Karle, crystallography; Gloria Convers Hewitt, mathematics; Shirley Jackson, physics; Vera Kistiakowsky, physics; Anna J. Harrison, chemistry; Ruth Kundsin, microbiology; Elizabeth O’Hern, microbiology; Marian Boykan Pour-El, mathematics]

Bernal, J.D. 1958. Dr. Rosalind E. Franklin. Nature 182(4629): 154. [obituary of Dr. Franklin]

Bernstein, J. 1978. Experiencing Science. Basic Books, Inc, Publishers, New York, NY, 275 p. [Chapter 4 is titled, “A sorrow and a pity: Rosalind Franklin and The Double Helix”; pp. 143–162.]

Bhattacharjee, Y. 2003. Nine women make 2003 a record year. Science 300: 1217 [of the election of nine women to the Royal Society in Great Britain]

Biermann, C.A. 1997. Ruth Sager (1918-1997). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 463–476.

Biermann, C.A., and R.M. Bradley. 1999. The Gaias (Earth Mothers) of the ecological/conservation movements. American Biology Teacher 61(4): 252–257.

Biermann, C.A., and L.S. Grinstein. 1994. Despite the odds: Women biologists who succeed. American Biology Teaching 56(8): 468–475. [Short biographies of: Hildegard of Bingen, Maria Sibylla Merian, Jane Colden (Farquhar), Elizabeth Cabot Cary Agassiz, Alice Hamilton, and Jewel Plummer Cobb, with references.]

Bindman L. 1993. Audrey U. Smith (1915-1981). In: Women Physiologists: An Anniversary Celebration of their Contributions to British Physiology, Bindman L, Brading A, Tansey T, eds., Portland Press, London, UK, pp. 135–139.

Bindman L. 1993. Pamela Margaret Holton (1923-1977). In: Women Physiologists: An Anniversary Celebration of their Contributions to British Physiology, Bindman L, Brading A, Tansey T, eds., Portland Press, London, UK, pp. 141–143.

Bindman L, Brading A, and Tansey T. 1993. Afterword. In: Women Physiologists: An Anniversary Celebration of their Contributions to British Physiology, Bindman L, Brading A, Tansey T, eds., Portland Press, London, UK, pp. 149–156.

Blackwell, Elizabeth. 1977. Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women : Autobiographical Sketches. Schocken Books, New York (reprint of 1895 ed.), 264 p. [Dr. Blackwell was the first woman to graduate from a U.S. medical school.]

Blount, M. 1984. Surpassing obstacles: Black women in medicine. Journal of American Medical Women's Association. 39(6): 192–195.

Bluemel, E. 1959. Florence Sabin: Colorado Woman of the Century. University of Colorado Press, Boulder, CO, 238 p. [Dr. Sabin was a medical researcher and advocate for public health in the state of Colorado.] [available from KU Medical School library]

Blumberg, J. 1999. Only female Medal of Honor recipient (profile on Dr. Mary Edwards Walker). American History 34(4): 20. [Dr. Walker was an Army surgeon during the Civil War, a reformer for women's clothing, and the first and only woman to win the Congressional Medal of Honor].

Bogdan, J.C. 1990. Childbirth in America, 1650–1990. In: Women, Health and Medicine in America: A Historical Handbook (R.D. Apple, ed.), Garland Publishing, Inc., NY, pp. 101–120.

Bohning, J.J. 2001. Women in chemistry at Penn 1894-1908: Edgar Fahs Smith as mentor. Chemical Heritage 19(1): 10-11, 38–44.

Bol'shakova, L.N., O.V. Bondarenko, M.R. Hecker, et al. 1997. Dorothy Hill (1907-1997). Paleontological Journal 31(6): 676–677. [Dr. Hill was a paleontologist who specialized in fossil corals and one of the pioneers of paleontology in Australia]

Bombardieri, M. 2005. Summers' remarks on women draw fire. The Boston Globe, January 17, 2005, p.?. [On remarks made on the lack of women in science by the president of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, in January 2004; see full text of the speech under Summers, 2005]

Bonner, T.N. 1988. Medical women abroad: a new dimension of women's push for opportunity in medicine, 1850–1914. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 62: 58–73.

Bonner, T.N. 1992. To the Ends of the Earth: Women’s Search for Education in Medicine. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 232 pp. [on the history of medical education for women, beginning in Paris and Zurich in the 1870's and spreading to other countries in Europe and to the U.S. Included is information about many of the earliest women physicians.]

Bonta, M.M. 1991. Women in the Field: America's Pioneering Women Naturalists. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX, 299 pp.

Bonta, M.M. 1995. American women afield. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, TX, 248 pp.

Boquist, C. and J.V. Haase. 1977. An Historical Review of Women in Dentistry: an Annotated Bibliography. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Health Resources Opportunity, Rockville, MD, DHEW Publication 77-643, 107 pp.

Borst, C.G. 1990. The professionalization of obstetrics: Childbirth becomes a medical speciality. In: Women, Health and Medicine in America: A Historical Handbook (R.D. Apple, ed.), Garland Publishing, Inc., NY, pp. 197-216 Bourdillon, H. 1988. Women as Healers: A History of Women and Medicine. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 48 pp. [history of women in medicine from ancient times to the present]

Bowden, M.E., and T. Avakian. 2005. Books of secrets: Women's role in early chemistry. Chemical Heritage 23(2): 23–25.

Bowden, M.E., and T. Avakian. 2006. Women authors in the Neville Library: Contributions to early chemical theory. Chemical Heritage 24(2): 30–32.

Bower, J.N. 1997. Dixy Lee Ray (1914-1994). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 423–432.

Box, M., editor. 1967. The Trial of Marie Stopes. Femina Books, London, 392 pp. (excerpts only: pp. 8- 39). [Dr. Stopes was a paleobotanist and the first woman to open a birth control clinic in Great Britain. She was brought to trial for providing birth control to the poor.]

Bracelin, H.P. 1938. Ynes Mexia. Madroño 4: 273–275. [Ynes Mexia was a botanist and an important collector of plants from Mexico.]

Bradby, M. 1989. Hispanic women at the Johnson Space Center. Hispanic Engineering 5(3): 28-31 Brading A. 1993. Edith Bülbring F.R.S. (1903-1990). In: Women Physiologists: An Anniversary Celebration of their Contributions to British Physiology, Bindman L, Brading A, Tansey T, eds., Portland Press, London, UK, pp. 61–74.

Brading A. 1993. Edith Bülbring F.R.S. (1903-1990). In: Women Physiologists: An Anniversary Celebration of their Contributions to British Physiology, Bindman L, Brading A, Tansey T, eds., Portland Press, London, UK, pp. 61–74.

Brading A. 1993. Sybil Cooper (1900-1970). In: Women Physiologists: An Anniversary Celebration of their Contributions to British Physiology, Bindman L, Brading A, Tansey T, eds., Portland Press, London, UK, pp. 115–117.

Brady, C. 2007. Elizabeth Blackburn and the Story of Telomeres: Deciphering the Ends of DNA. MIT Press, Boston, MA, 424 pp. [in KU library] [Dr. Blackburn is known to the public as an advocate of stem- cell research who was forced to step down from the President’s Council on Bioethics during the GW Bush administration, but she is also a pioneer in the study of telomeres.]

Brasted, R.C., and P. Farago, editors. Interview with Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin. Journal of Chemical Education 2: 214–216. [Dr. Hodgkin won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for her work on the structure of natural products, especially penicillin and vitamin B12]

Bratiseva G. 1990. Obituary: Elena Dmitrievna Zaklinskaya (1910-1989). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 66: 1–2.

Brett, D.W. 1958. Obituary: Dr. Marie C. Stopes. Nature 182(4644): 1201–1202. [Dr. Stopes was a paleobotanist, pioneering researcher in the structure of coal, and the first to open a birth control clinic in Great Britain.]

Brewer, J.W., and M.K. Smith, eds. 1981. Emmy Noether: A Tribute to her Life and Work. Marcel Dekker, Inc., NY, 180 pp. [ A series of papers on Emmy Noether’s life and work, including biographical and historical material. Noether was a mathematician and one of the creators of abstract axiomatic algebra.]

Brian, D. 2005. The Curies: A Biography of the Most Controversial Family in Science. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., NY, 448 pp. [on Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, and their daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie and Eve Curie. Joliot-Curie and her husband also won a Nobel prize, and Eve wrote a famous biography of her mother. Brian continues the biography into the sixth generation of Curies]

Brian, S.R. 2001. Women in medicine. American Family Physician 64(1): 174–177.

Briant, Keith. 1962. Marie Stopes. A Biography. The Hogarth Press, London, 286 pp. [Dr. Stopes was a paleobotanist, pioneering researcher in the structure of coal, and the first to open a birth control clinic in Great Britain.]

Brodman, E. 1988. A century of women physicians. New Jersey Medicine: The Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey. 85(5): 375–382.

Brody, J. 1987. Behind every great scientist… New Scientist 116: 19–21. ["Madame Lavoisier was not just the wife of the famous chemist. Her work fostered his scientific reputation even after he died on the guillotine."]

Bromberg, H. 1992. Grace Murray Hopper: A remembrance. IEEE Software 9(3): 103, 105. [Grace Hopper was a computer programmer who helped develop Cobol language and later became the first female admiral in the US Navy.]

Brook, M.J. 1990. Some thoughts and reflections on the life of Florence Nightingale from a twentieth century perspective. In: Florence Nightingale and her Era: A Collection of New Scholarship (V. Bullough, B. Bullough and M.P. Stanton, eds.), Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY, pp. 23–59.

Brooke, E. 1995. Women healers: Portraits of herbalists, physicians, and midwives. Healing Arts Press, Rochester, VT, 168 p. Brooke, E. 1997. Medicine women: A pictorial history of women healers. Quest Books, 128 pp.

Brooks, P. 1972. The House of Life: Rachel Carson at Work. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 350 pp.

Brown, B.J. 1997. Women inventors receive recognition. AWIS Magazine 26(3): 28–29. [short discussion of the inventions of the 4 women that are members of the National Inventors' Hall of Fame, including Gertrude Belle Elion, who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for her pharmaceutical work.]

Brown, J. 1989. Elizabeth Blackwell. Chelsea House Publishers, New York, NY, 111 pp. [a young adult book in the series, "American Women of Achievement." This book is profusely illustrated, not only with pictures of Dr. Blackwell, but also with pictures of influential people and scenes of the times. Dr. Blackwell was the first woman to graduate from a U.S. medical school. ILL]

Brown, S.W. 1923. Colored women physicians. Southern Workman 52: 580-593 [short, biographical information on recent graduates of medical schools and practicing physicians]

Brownlee, C. 2004. Biography of Nancy Hopkins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 101(35): 12780–12791. [Dr. Hopkins is a professor at MIT who works on development in zebrafish.]

Brush, S.G. 1978. Nettie M. Stevens and the discovery of sex determination by chromosomes. Isis 69(247): 163–172. (reprinted in History of Women in the Sciences, S.G. Kohlstedt, ed., 1999, pp. 337- 346)

Buckner, V.L. 1997. Barbara McClintock (1902-1992). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 310–318.

Bullough, B., V.L. Bullough and B. Elcano. 1981. Nursing, a Historical Bibliography. Garland Pub., New York, 408 pp.

Bullough, V., B. Bullough, and M.P. Stanton. 1990. Florence Nightingale and her Era: A Collection of New Scholarship. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY, 365 pp. [papers from a conference held at the University of Buffalo; see individual articles under Baly, Benson, Brook, Lewenson and Tierney]

Bullough, V.L., O.M. Church, and A.P. Stein, editors. 1988. American Nursing: A Biographical Dictionary, 2 Vols. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY. Bundles, A'L. P. 1991. Madam C.J. Walker. Chelsea House Publishers, New York, 110 p. [Madam Walker (1967-1919) was an black businesswoman who started her own cosmetics company and became a millionaire.]

Bundles, A.P. 2000. Madam C.J. Walker, 1867-1919, Entrepreneur, philanthropist, social activist. http://www.madamcjwalker.com [Although not strictly a scientist, Madam Walker was an inventor and entrepreneur who developed a line of hair care products for African Americans. In 1998, the U.S. Postal Service issued a commemorative stamp of her, as part of its Black Heritage Series.]

Bundles, A’L. P. 2001. On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C.J. Walker. Scribner, New York, 415 pp.

Burek, C.V. 2001. The first lady geologist, or collector par excellence? Geology Today 17(5): 192–194. [on Etheldred Benett, 1776-1845, a paleontologist]

Burek, C. 2003. Catherine Raisin, a role-model professional geologist. Geology Today 19(3): 107–111. [Raisin was a British geologist, 1855-1945, who studied mineraology; she received a D.Sc. in 1898, only the second woman to do so. She published extensively and was Head of Geology at Bedford College, University of London for many years, although always on short-term contracts!]

Burek C. 2005. Emily Dix, palaeobotanist—a promising career cut short. Geology Today 21(4): 144–145.

Burek, C.V., and C.J. Cleal. 2005. The life and work of Emily Dix (1904-1972). In: History of palaeobotany: Selected Essays (A.J. Bowden, C.V. Burek, R. Wilding, eds.), The Geological Society of London, UK, pp. 181–196. [Emily Dix was a paleobotanist]

Burek, C.V., and M. Kölbl-Ebert. 2007. Historical problems of travel for women geologists. Geology Today 23(1): 30–32.

Burnell, S.J.B. 1978. Little green men, white dwarfs, or what? Sky and Telescope 55(3): 218–221. [Dr. S. Jocelyn Bell Burnell, an astrophysicist, was instrumental in the discovery of pulsars.]

Buss, F.L. 1980. La Partera: Story of a Midwife. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, 140 pp. [a biography of a midwife from New Mexico, Jesusita Aragón]

Butler, C. 2002. Reaching for the stars—interviews with women astronauts: Sally Ride. AWIS Magazine 31(2): 6–8.

Butler, C. 2002. Reaching for the stars: Shannon Lucid. AWIS Magazine 31(2): 9–11. [on the career of Dr. Lucid, who was a NASA astronaut and is now Chief Scientists at NASA.]

Butler, C. 2002. Reaching for the stars: Kathryn Thornton. AWIS Magazine 31(2): 12–13. [Thornton orbited earth 79 times on the space shuttle; she is now an administrator at the University of Virginia]

Butler, C. 2003. Florence Haseltine on sex differences and health, mentoring and queen bees. AWIS Magazine 32(4): 32-34 [an interview with Dr. Haseltine, who founded the Society for Women's Health Research]

Cameron, E.K. 2000. Obituary: Lucy May Cranwell, MA, DSc, DSc(Hon), FLS(Lond.), FRSNZ, 1907–2000. New Zealand Journal of Botany 38(3): 527–535. [Dr. Cranwell was a botanist and palynology (expert on pollen and spores)].

Campbell, A. 1993. Barbara McClintock. Annual Review of Genetics 27: 1–6. [A review of McClintock's work in genetics.]

Campbell, K.S.W., and J.S. Jell. 1998. Dorothy Hill 1907–1997. Historical Records of Australian Science 12(2) [reprinted on http://www.science.org.au/academy/memoirs/hill.htm

= Australian Academy of Science Biographical Memoirs site) [Dr. Hill was a paleontologist who specialized in fossil corals and one of the pioneers of paleontology in Australia]

Campbell, L. 1941. Annie Jump Cannon. Popular Astronomy 49(7): 345–347.

Carnegie, M.E. 1984. Black nurses at the front. American Journal of Nursing 84: 1250–1252. [on the history of African American nurses during various wars, including the Crimean War (Mary Grant Seacole), the Civil War (Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Susie King Taylor), the Spanish-American war (Namahyoke Curtis)]

Chaff, S.L. 1981. Mary Edwards Walker (1832-1919). Women & Health 6(1/2): 83-90 (publ. 1982). [Dr. Walker was an Army surgeon during the Civil War, a reformer for women's clothing, and the first and only woman to win the Congressional Medal of Honor].

Chaff, S.L., R. Haimbach, C. Fenichel and N.B. Woodside, compilers and eds. 1977. Women in Medicine: A Bibliography of the Literature on Women Physicians. Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, NJ. Chaloner, W.G. 1959. Obituary: Dr. Marie Stopes. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 70(1): 118–120. [Dr. Stopes was a paleobotanist, pioneering researcher in the structure of coal, and the first to open a birth control clinic in Great Britain.]

Chaloner, W.G. 1995. Marie Stopes (1880-1958): The American connection. In: P.C. Lyons, E.D. Morey, and R.H. Wagner, eds., Historical Perspective of Early Twentieth Century Carboniferous Paleobotany in North America (W.C. Darrah volume), Geological Society of America Memoir 185: 127–134. [Dr. Stopes was a paleobotanist, pioneering researcher in the structure of coal, and the first to open a birth control clinic in Great Britain.]

Chaloner, W.G. 2005. The plaeobotanical work of Marie Stopes. In: History of palaeobotany: Selected Essays (A.J. Bowden, C.V. Burek, R. Wilding, eds.), The Geological Society of London, UK, pp. 127–135.

Chambers, P. 1959. A Doctor Alone—A Biography of Elizabeth Blackwell: The First Woman Doctor 1821–1910. Abelard-Schuman, London, U.K., 183 pp. [ILL from Wichita State]

Charles, V.K. 1929. Mrs. Flora Wambaugh Patterson. Mycologia 21(1): 1–4. [Mrs. Patterson was a mycologist (someone who studies fungi) and studied plant diseases.]

Chen, I. 2004. A life of fusion. Science 304: 1216–1217. [a biography of Olivia Pereira-Smith, who was born in India, and does research in gerontology]

Chipman, E. 1984. Women in the Antarctic: An interview with Margaret Bradshaw. Journal of Polar Studies 1(1): 272–279. [Dr. Bradshaw is a New Zealand geologist who does research in Antarctica.]

Cieślak-Golonka, M., and B. Morten. 2000. The women scientists of Bologna. American Scientist 88(1): 68–73. ["Eighteenth-century Bologna [Italy] provided a rare liberal environment in which brilliant women could flourish." Short biographies of 4 women scientists at the University of Bologna Clarke, R. 1973. Ellen Swallow: The Woman Who Founded Ecology. Follett Publishing Company, Chicago, IL, 276 pp.

Clary RM, Wandersee JH. 2006. Mary Anning: She's more than "seller of sea shells at the seashore". The American Biology Teacher 68(3): 153–157. [Mary Anning (1799-1847) began as a fossil collector and seller, but became an expert on marine fossils from the region of Lyme, England and is generally regarded as the first female paleontologist.]

Clement, C., and P. Broughton. 1993. Helen Sawyer Hogg, 1905–1993. Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 87(6): 351–356. [Dr. Hogg was an astronomer and a leading authority on globular clusters who published more than 200 papers.]

Clepper, H.E., ed. 1971. Leaders of American conservation. Ronald Press Company, NY, 353 pp.

Clewell, B.C. 1997. Jewel Isadora Plummer Cobb (1924- ). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 84–93.

Cobb, J.P. 1979. Filters for women in science. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 323: 236- 248 [Jewel Plummer Cobb, an African American, is an advocate for increasing the number of women and minorities in science. In her early career she was involved in cancer research.]

Cobb, J.P. 1989. A life in science: Research and service. Sage: A Scholarly Journal on Black Women 6(2): 39–43.

Coburn, L.H. 1924. Kate Furbish, botanist. The Maine Naturalist—Journal of the Knox Academy of Arts and Sciences on the Fauna, Flora and Geology of Maine 4: 106–108. [Furbish was an early botanist explorer in Maine.]

Cohen E. 1997. "What the women at all times would laugh at": Redefining equality and difference, circa 1660–1760. In: Women, Gender and Science: New Directions (Kohlstedt SG, Longino HE, eds.), Osiris 12: 121–142.

Cohn, V. 1975. Sister Kenny: The women who challenged the doctors. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, 302 pp. [Kenny’s treatment of polio victims helped to prevent paralysis and she is considered to be the founder of physical therapy.]

Cohn, M. 1996. Carl and Gerty Cori: A personal recollection. In: Creative Couples in the Sciences (H.M. Pycior, N.G. Slack, and P.G. Abir-Am, eds.), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, pp. 72–84. [The Coris shared a Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work on glycogen metabolism.]

Collier, M.M. 1997. Laura North Hunter (1911- ). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 100–107.

Colón, A.R., with P.A. Colón. 1999. Nurturing Children: A History of Pediatrics. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 329 pp. [this book includes just one page on Helen Taussig and does not include her work in the list of “Pediatric Surgery Milestones.”]

Colon, D.M. 1997. Alice Catherine Evans (1881-1975). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 163–169.

Colvin, M. 1999. Gertrude Belle Elion (1918-1999). Science 284: 1480.

Comfort, N.C. 1995. Two genes, no enzyme: a second look at Barbara McClintock and the 1951 Cold Springs Harbor Symposium. Genetics 140: 1161–1166. [A review of the 1951 Symposium at which McClintock presented her data on transposable elements in maize, along with a possible explanation for the "coldness" of her reception.]

Comfort, N.C. 1999. "The real point is control:" The reception of Barbara McClintock's controlling elements. Journal of the History of Biology 32(1): 133–162. [on McClintock’s discoveries in genetics and which ones were accepted at the time of her discoveries]

Comfort, N.C. 2001. “Suddenly you know the answer.” Natural History 110(8): 90. [on Barbara McClintock and the process of integration for problem solving]

Comfort, N.C. 2001. The Tangled Field: Barbara McClintock’s Search for the Patterns of Genetic Control. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 357 pp.

Comfort, N.C. 2001. From controlling elements to transposons: Barbara McClintock and the Nobel Prize. Endeavour 25(3): 127–130.

Conley, Frances K., MD. 1998. Walking Out on the Boys. Farrar, Straus & Giroux, NY, 245 pp. [Frances Conley was a medical school faculty member at Stanford, who resigned some years ago when a new chair was appointed who was known as a sexual harasser.]

Contreras, A., and M.B. Trautman. 1997. Margaret Morse Nice (1883-1974). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 359–368.

Conway, J.K. 1987. The First Generation of American Women Graduates. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, NY, 567 pp. [Dr. Conway’s thesis in history—see below]

Conway, J.K., editor. 1992. Written by Herself-Autobiographies of American Women: An Anthology. Vintage Books, Random House, Inc., NY, 674 pp. [includes excerpts of autobiographies of the following women scientists and pioneers (see individual entries): Margaret Floy Washburn, S. Josephine Baker, Dorothy Reed Mendenhall, Margaret Morse Nice, Hortense Powdermaker, Cecilia Payne Gaposchkin, Margaret Mead, and Margaret Sanger.]

Conway, J.K. 1995. True North: A Memoir. Vintage, NY, 250 pp. [A biography of Dr. Conway, who grew up on a sheep ranch in Australia, earned her doctorate at Harvard, married and emigrated to Canada with her husband. She became the first woman to be a vice-president at the University of Toronto and the first woman to be the president of Smith College (1975). Although Dr. Conway is not a scientist, her viewpoint as a university administrator, when there were few in the field, is interesting, as are her accounts of discrimination in the academic community.]

Conway, J.K. 2001. A Woman’s Education. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY, 143 pp. [Dr. Conway became the first female president of Smith College in 1975, when many elite women’s colleges were going co-ed. This is a memoir of that time and of the ideas that drove her vision of keeping Smith as a women’s school.]

Cook A. 2006. Mackowsky symposium—2003, Utrecht. International Journal of Coal Geology 67(3): v-vi. [special issue: In memory of Marie-Therese Mackowsky—Selected papers from a symposium held at the 55th Annual Meeting of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology; meeting held in Utrecht, the Netherlands, 10-16 August 2003]

Cooper-Freytag, L.J. 1997. Eugenie Clark (1922- ). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 75–83.

Coppes-Zantinga AR. 2003. Emily Blackwell (1826-1910) MD: The other Blackwell physician. Medical Pediatric Oncology 40: 263–265.

Daisey P. 1996. Promoting interest in plant biology with biographies of plant hunters. The American Biology Teacher 58(7): 396–406.

Correl, F. 1998. Of botany and rarity. American Philatelist, Feb. 1998: 154–159. [Biographical information on Maria Sibylla Merian, whose paintings of pineapple and citron were reproduced on 32¢ U.S. stamps in 1998. Merian (1647-1717) traveled to Surinam (today, part of Guyana and French Guiana, on the north coast of South America) in 1699 with her daughter to collect and paint insects and plants. She spent two years there, only leaving when her health deteriorated.]

Cowan, R.S. 1981. Ellen Swallow Richards: Technology and women. In: Technology in America: A History of Individuals and Ideas (C.W. Pursell, Jr., ed.), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 142–150. [Ellen Richards coined the term "ecology" and founded the field of home economics.]

Craine, R. 1997. Hildegard: Prophet of the Cosmic Christ. The Crossroad Publishing Company, 160 pp. [Hildegard, a medieval cleric, was a physician and herbalist; she is still known today for her choir compositions.]

Crease R. 2003. The Rosalind Franklin question. Physics World 16: 17.

Creese, M.R.S. 1990. Laura Alberta Linton (1853-1915): An American chemist. Bulletin of Historical Chemistry 8: 15–18. [Dr. Creese is an associate of the Hall Center for Humanities here at KU.]

Creese, M.R.S. 1994. British women who contributed to research in the geological sciences in the nineteenth century. British Journal for the History of Science 27(92): 23–54.

Creese, M.R.S. 1997. Ida Henrietta Hyde (1857-1945). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 246–253.

Creese, M.R.S. 1997. Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt (1859-1928). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 113–119.

Creese, M.R.S. 1998. Ladies in the laboratory? American and British women in science, 1800–1900. A survey of their contributions to research. The Scarecrow Press, Inc., Lanham, MD, 452 pp. [Dr. Creese is an associate of the Hall Center for Humanities here at KU. "After almost 30 years as a research chemist, she turned to the subject of women's contributions to scientific work, particularly in the nineteenth century." (from biographical note in book). Dr. Creese worked at KU for many years.].

Creese, M.R.S., with T.M. Creese. 2004. Ladies in the Laboratory II: West European Women in Science 1800-1900, A Survey of Their Contributions to Research. The Scarecrow Press, Inc., Lanham MD, 285 pp. [Dr. Creese worked at KU for many years.]

Creighton, H.B. 1947. The Margaret C. Ferguson greenhouses. The Wellesley Magazine 31(3): 172–173. [Dr. Ferguson was a faculty member at Wellesley College and Chairman of the Botany Department for 30 years. She is known for her elucidation of the life cycle of pine.]

Crick, F. 1988. What mad pursuit: A personal view of scientific discovery. Basic Books, Inc., NY, 182 pp.

Curie E, translated by V Sheean. 1937. Madame Curie. Country Life Press, Garden City, NY, 412 pp.

Curie, Eve. 1938. Madame Curie: A Biography. Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc., Garden City, NY, 412 pp.

Daisey, P. 1996. Promoting interest in plant biology with biographies of plant hunters. The American Biology Teacher 58(7): 396–406. [includes a section on "Women plant hunters of 1800s-early 1900s"]

Dalmédico, A.D. 1991. Sophie Germain. Scientific American 265(6): 116–122. ["An extraordinary mathematician, she struggled against the prejudices of 19th-century French society to produce enduring work in number theory and the theory of elasticity."]

Dalton R. 2006. Hooked on fossils. Nature 439: 262–263. [on Dr. Meemann Chang, a vertebrate paleontologist in China, who survived the Cultural Revolution, and has trained many prominent vertebrate paleontologists in China today. She was the first woman to head the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, and has connections with the KU Natural History Museum.]

Davey, C. 1988. Birth control in Britain during the interwar years: Evidence from the Stopes correspondence. Journal of Family History 13(3): 329–345. [Dr. Stopes was a paleobotanist, pioneering researcher in the structure of coal, and the first to open a birth control clinic in Great Britain.]

Davis, H.S. 1898. Women astronomers (400 A.D.—1750). Popular Astronomy 6(3): 129–228.

Davis, J.L. 1995. The research school of Marie Curie in the Paris faculty, 1907–14. Annals of Science 52(4): 321–355.

Davis TH. 2006. Profile of Susan Band Horwitz. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 103(27): 10163–10165. [Dr. Horwitz is a molecular pharmacologist who discovered the mechanism of action of Taxol, the drug to treat breast cancer.]

Davis, T.H. 2006. Profile of Margaret M. Murnane. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 103: 13276–13278. [Dr. Murnane is an archaeologist who is a newly elected member of the National Academy of Sciences]

Dawidoff, N. 1992. Queen of the jungle. Sports Illustrated 76(9): 170-172 + 9 pp.

De la Cour, L., and R. Sheinin. 1990. The Ontario Medical College for Women, 1883 to 1906: Lessons from gender-separatism in medical education. In: Despite the Odds: Essays on Canadian Women and Science (M.G. Ainley, ed.), Véhicule Press, Montréal, Canada, pp. 112–120.

Deakin, M.A.B. 1994. Hypatia and her mathematics. American Mathematical Monthly 101(3): 234–243. [a history of Hypatia of Alexandria ©. 370-415 A.D.), the first women mathematician]

Declercq, E., and R. Lacroix. 1985. The immigrant midwives of Lawrence: the conflict between law and culture in early twentieth-century Massachusetts. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 59: 232–246.

Dees, L.A. 2001. Before we were created equally: The story of Lucy Hobbs Taylor, DDS. Journal of the History of Dentistry 49(3): 105–110. [Dr. Hobbs was the first woman to have her own dental practice, and it was in Lawrence, Kansas!]

Derrick, M.E. 1982. Agnes Pockels, 1862-1935 (Profiles in chemistry). Journal of Chemical Education 59: 1030-1031 [Pockels specialized in surface chemistry and lived in Germany in the late 1800s; much of her experimental work was done in her kitchen!]

Dick, A. (trans. H.I. Blocher). 1981. Emmy Noether, 1882–1935. Birkhäuser, Boston, 193 pp. [Noether was a mathematician and one of the creators of abstract axiomatic algebra.]

Dickman, S. 1989. Meitner receives her due. Nature 340: 497 [on the recognition of Dr. Meitner by the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany. Meitner was a nuclear physicist who was one of the discoverers of fission.]

Dietrich, H.J., Jr. 1986. Helen Brooke Taussig 1898–1986. Transactions and Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Ser. 5, 8(4): 265–271. [Taussig developed the first surgical treatment for “blue baby” syndrome and founded the field of pediatric cardiology.]

Dilts, J.A. 1997. Mary Frances Lyon (1925- ). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 290–303.

Dobson, A.K., and K. Bracher. 1992. Urania's heritage: A historical introduction to women in astronomy. Mercury-The Journal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 21(1): 4–15. [information on Caroline Herschel, Maria Mitchell, Willamina Fleming, Annie Jump Cannon, Antonia Maury, Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin and others]

Dodson, G., and C. Chothia. 1984. Fifty years of pepsin crystals. Nature 309: 309 [a history of protein crystallography, including contributions of Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin]

Dodson, G. 1994. Obituary: Dorothy Hodgkin 1910–1994. Structure 2: 891–893. [Dr. Hodgkin won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for her work on the structure of natural products, especially penicillin and vitamin B12]

Dodson, G.G. 1997. Dorothy Hodgkin, protein crystallography and insulin. Current Science 72(7): 466–468.

Dodson, G., J.P. Glusker, and D. Sayre. 1981. Structural studies on molecules of biological interest: A volume in honour of Professor Dorothy Hodgkin. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 610 pp. [Contains 7 articles on the life and times of Dr. Hodgkin, as well as a bibliography of her work. Another 38 scientific articles are on subjects on which she worked. See also articles listed under Perutz and Phillips, below.]

Dodsworth H. 1993. Dame Janet Vaughan D.B.E., F.R.S. (1899-1993). In: Women Physiologists: An Anniversary Celebration of their Contributions to British Physiology, Bindman L, Brading A, Tansey T, eds., Portland Press, London, UK, pp. 31–40.

Dolphin AC. 1993. Eleanor Zaimis (1915-1982). In: Women Physiologists: An Anniversary Celebration of their Contributions to British Physiology, Bindman L, Brading A, Tansey T, eds., Portland Press, London, UK, pp. 129–133.

Donegan, J.B. 1978. Women and Men Midwives: Medicine, Morality, and Misogyny in Early America. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 316 pp.

Doorly, E. 1954. The Radium Woman: A Life of Marie Curie. Roy Publishers, NY, 181 pp.

Dowling, C.G. 2003. The hardy Sarah Blaffer Hrdy: The scientist who destroyed our quaint concept of what a mother ought to be comes to terms with her own life. Discover 24(3): 40-45 [a profile of the famous primatologist, known for her studies of primate social structure]

Drachman, V.G. 1982. Female solidarity and professional success: The dilemma of women doctors in late nineteenth-century America. Journal of Social History 15: 607–619.

Drachman, V.G. 1982. The limits of progress: the professional lives of women doctors, 1881–1926. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 60: 58–72.

Drachman, V.G. 1984. Hospital with a Heart: Women Doctors and the Paradox of Separatism at the New England Hospital, 1862–1969. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 258 pp.

Drahl C. 2006. Breaking the ice with Ellen Mosley-Thompson. AWIS Magazine 35(2): 32–33. [interview with Dr. Mosley-Thompson, who studies past climate in ice cores from Antarctica]

Drakich, J., and P. Stewart. 2007. Forty years later, how are university women doing?. Academic Matters 2007(Feb.): 6-9, http://www.ocufa.on.ca/Academic_Matters_February2007/forty_years_later.pdf

Dresselhaus, M.S. 1973. Electrical engineer. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 208: 17-22 [papers from a conference, "Successful Women in the Sciences: An Analysis of Determinants" held in 1972] [A paper on her life and work by Mildred Dresselhaus, a prominent electrical engineer at MIT].

Dreifus C. 2006. Solving a mystery of life, then tackling a real-life problem. The New York Times 2006(Jul. 4): F2. [an interview with Dr. Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, who won the Nobel prize for her work in elucidating the early developmental stages of Drosophila]

Duffy, E. 1997. Beatrix Potter (1866-1943). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 407–412.

Dunitz, J.D. 1997. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin—An introduction to her work and personality. Current Science 72(7): 447–450. [Dr. Hodgkin won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for her work on the structure of natural products, especially penicillin and vitamin B12]

Duveen, D.I. 1953. Madame Lavoisier. Chymia: Annual Studies in the History of Chemistry 4: 13–29. [Mme. Lavoisier, the wife of the famous chemist, was knowledgeable in chemistry and translated many British works into French.]

Dye, N.S. 1983. Mary Breckinridge, the Frontier Nursing Service and the introduction of nurse-midwifery in the United States. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 57(4): 485–507.

Eaton, P., and M. Warnick, compilers. 1977. Marie Stopes: A Checklist of her Writings. Croom Helm, London, U.K., 59 pp. [Title on dustjacket differs: Marie Stopes: A preliminary checklist of her writings together with some biographical notes] [Marie Stopes was a paleobotanist and opened the first birth control clinic in England.]

Edwards, L.F. 1958. Dr. Mary Edwards Walker (1832-1919): charlatan or martyr? Part I. The Ohio State Medical Journal 54: 1160–1162. [Dr. Mary Walker was an Army surgeon during the Civil War, a reformer for women's clothing, and the first and only woman to win the Congressional Medal of Honor].

Edwards, L.F. 1958. Dr. Mary Edwards Walker (1832-1919): charlatan or martyr? Part II. The Ohio State Medical Journal 54: 1296–1298.

Edwards, R.W. 1940. The first woman dentist: Lucy Hobbs Taylor, D.D.S. (1933-1910). Bulletin of the History of Medicine 25: 277–283. [Dr. Hobbs was the first woman to have her own dental practice, and it was in Lawrence, Kansas!]

Edwards WN. 1954. Mrs. E.M. Reid. Nature 173: 190. [Reid was a paleobotanist, known for her studies of fossil fruits and seeds, especially those from the London Clay formation, of Eocene age. She never held an ‘academic’ position, but worked from her home, and published several monographs on fossil plants.]

Ehrenreich, B., and D. English. 1978. For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts' Advice to Women. Anchor Press, Garden City, NY, 325 pp. [includes women's medical history from the Middle Ages to modern day and how women lost control of their own bodies and medical care over this time period.]

Eichman P. 2004. Yet another "prominent female biologist" (Letter to the Editor). The American Biology Teacher 66: 253. [on Libbie H. Hyman, 1888-1969, who received a Ph.D. in zoology at the University of Chicago]

Elder, E.S. 1974. Anges Pockels—indeed a lady. Chemistry 47(1): 10–12. [Pockels specialized in surface chemistry and lived in Germany in the late 1800s; much of her experimental work was done in her kitchen!]

Elders, J.M., and D. Chanoff. 1996. Joycelyn Elders, M.D. : From Sharecropper's Daughter to Surgeon General of the United States of America. William Morrow and Company, Inc., New York, NY, 355 p. Elion, Gertrude B. 1999. Personal reflections. In: Women in Science and Engineering: Choices for Success (C.C. Selby, ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869: 16–18.

Else, L. 2004. Interview: Aleida Guevara, Che's daughter. New Scientist 184(2477): 44–46. [Aleida Guevara is a medical doctor and active in politics in Cuba]

Engbring, G.M. 1940. Saint Hildegard, twelfth century physician. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 8(6): 770–784. [Hildegard, a medieval cleric, was a physician and herbalist; she is still known today for her choir compositions.]

Engle, M.A. 1977. Dr. Helen B. Taussig, the tetralogy of Fallot, and the growth of pediatric cardiac services in the United States. The Johns Hopkins Medical Journal 140: 147–150. [Taussig developed the first surgical treatment for “blue baby” syndrome and founded the field of pediatric cardiology.]

Engle, M.A. 1982. Biographies of great American pediatricians: Helen Brooke Taussig, the mother of pediatric cardiology. Pediatric Annals 11(7): 629–631.

Engle, M.A. 1985. Dr. Helen Brooke Taussig, living legend in cardiology. Clinical Cardiology 8: 372–374.

Evans, H.E. 1993. Pioneer naturalists. Henry Holt and Company, NY, 294 pp.

Eversley, S. 1995. A true renaissance woman: Lilia Abron, Ph.D., P.E. AWIS Magazine (Association for Women in Science) 24(4): 10–11.

Evert, R.F. 1992. Commentary: The contributions of Katherine Esau. International Journal of Plant Science 153(3): v-ix. [a biography of Dr. Esau, a plant anatomist, who was the fifth woman ever to be elected to the National Academy of Sciences (in 1957), plus information on her work and research (wrote Plant Anatomy [1953], the basic reference in plant anatomy). Evert, R.F., and S.E. Eichhorn. 1997. Katherine Esau (1898- ). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 150–162.

Falk G. 1993. (Marion) Grace Eggleton (1901-1970). In: Women Physiologists: An Anniversary Celebration of their Contributions to British Physiology, Bindman L, Brading A, Tansey T, eds., Portland Press, London, UK, pp. 119–121.

Fancourt, M.St.J. 1965. They Dared to be Doctors: Elizabeth Blackwell, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson. Longmans Green and Co., Ltd., London, UK, 148 pp. [ILL]

Fara, P. 2002. Portraying Caroline Herschel. Endeavour 26(4): 123–124. [Caroline Herschel (1750-1848) discovered 8 comets and indexed and corrected Flamstead's star catalogue]

Fara, P. 2002. Pictures of Dorothy Hodgkin. Endeavour 27(2): 85–86. [Dr. Hodgkin won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for her work on the structure of natural products, especially penicillin and vitamin B12. This article discusses two paintings of Hodgkin. One of Hodgkin's hands was done by Henry Moore and was the first image of a female scientist at the Royal Society in London.]

Fara, P. 2004. Pandora’s Breeches: Women, Science and Power in the Enlightenment. Pimloco, London, UK, 274 pp. [examines women’s contribution to science during the late 1700's-early 1800's. Includes information on women’s contributions to their husbands, fathers, brothers, etc., for much of which they did not receive credit. Includes: Elizabeth of Bohemia, Anne Conway, Êmilie du Châtelet, Jane Dee, Elisabetha Hevelius, Caroline Herschel, Marie Paulze Lavoisier, Priscilla Wakefield, and Mary Shelley]

Farmer, T. 2001. Guardians of liberty: Solitary female recipient vindicated after her death. The Boston Herald, Wednesday, October 24, 2001. [on Mary Edwards Walker, a physician during the Civil War and the only female recipient of the Congressional Medal of Honor]

Farnes, P. 1990. Women in medical science. In: Women of Science: Righting the Record (G. Kass- Simon and P. Farnes, eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, pp. 268–300.

Fedoroff, N.V. 1993. Barbara McClintock, June 16, 1902-September 2, 1992. Evolución Biológica 7: 1–19.

Fedoroff, N.V. 1994. Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902-September 2, 1992). Genetics 136: 1–10.

Fedoroff, N. 1994. Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902-September 2, 1992). Current Science 66(11): 877–884. [Article shows what kind of discrimination McClintock faced from fellow colleagues as well as the whole system of higher education based on her gender and her "wacky" theory of jumping genes. This theory, however, finally earned her an unshared Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983.]

Ferry, G. 1998. Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life. Granta, 419 pp. (US edition: publ. 2000, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, NY, 423 pp.) [Dr. Hodgkin won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for her work on the structure of natural products, especially penicillin and vitamin B12]

Findlen, P. 1993. Science as a career in Enlightenment Italy: The strategies of Laura Bassi. Isis 84: 441- 469 (reprinted in History of Women in the Sciences, S.G. Kohlstedt, ed., 1999, pp. 66-95) [Laura Bassi was the first woman to be offered a teaching job at a European university, the University of Bologna. She held a chair in experimental physics there from 1776–1778.]

Findlen P. 2003. Becoming a scientist: Gender and knowledge in eighteenth-century Italy. Science in Context 16(1/2): 59–87.

Fink, G.R. 1992. Obituary: Barbara McClintock (1902-1992). Nature 359(6393): 272.

Finkel, M. 1998. Queen of the canopy. Audubon 100(5): 32–33.

Firak, T.D. 1997. Janet Davison Rowley (1925- ). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 433–450.

Flamsteed, S. 1991. Star spots. Discover Magazine 12(12): 28–33. ["Astrophysicist Sallie Baliunas is studying the cycles of the sun and sunlike stars."]

Flanagan, S. 1989. Hildegard of Bingen. Routledge Publishing Company, 230 pp. [Hildegard, a medieval cleric, was a physician and herbalist; she is still known today for her choir compositions.]

Flannery, M.C. 1997. Agnes Robertson Arber (1879-1960). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 14–24.

Flannery, M.C. 1997. Beatrice Mintz (1921- ). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 319–331.

Ford, C.A. 1986. Eliza Frances Andrews, practical botanist, 1840–1931. The Georgia Historical Quarterly 70(1): 63–80.

Ford, G. 1992. A palliative care system: the Marie Curie model. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care 9(3): 15-17 Ford, P. 1997. Ethel Nicholson Browne Harvey (1885-1965). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 230–234.

Forster, M. 1984. Elizabeth Blackwell, 1821–1910. In: Significant Sisters: The Grassroots of Active Feminism 1839-1939, by Margaret Forster, Secker & Warburg, London, pp. 55–90. [Dr. Blackwell was the first woman to graduate from a U.S. medical school.]

Fosberg, F.R., and J.R. Swallen. 1959. Agnes Chase. Taxon 8(5): 145–151. [Agnes Chase was a botanist who specialized in the systematics of grasses.]

Fossey, D. 1983. Gorillas in the Mist. Houghton Mifflin Publishing, Boston, MA, 326 pp.

Fossey, D. 1983. Close encounters with great apes. Science Digest 91: 66-71; 105–106.

Fountain, H. 2005. Four women who found themselves in science. The New York Times, Sunday, 9 Jan. 2005, Section 14WC, Column 2, p. 8 [a review of an exhibition at a museum in Greenwich, CT; includes biographical information on Marie Curie, Barbara McClintock, Annie Jump Cannon and Inge Lehmann]

Freeman, M. 1995. Always Rachel: The letters of Rachel Carson and Dorothy Freeman, 1952–1964.

Beacon Press, Boston, 567 pp.

Friedman, M. 1997. Helen Brooke Taussig, M.D.: The original pediatric cardiologist. Maryland Medical Journal 46(8): 445–447. [Taussig developed the first surgical treatment for “blue baby” syndrome and founded the field of pediatric cardiology.]

Frisch, O.R. 1970. Lise Meitner, 1878-1968, Elected For. Mem. R.S. 1955. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 16: 405–420. [Lise Meitner was a nuclear physicist who was one of the discoverers of fission. She worked in Germany prior to and during the war, until forced to leave because she was Jewish.]

Frontier Nursing Service Oral History Project. 2003. Kentuckiana Digital Library, University of Kentucky Oral History Program, http://kdl.kyvl.org [interviews with residents from 1978-1979 on the Frontier Nursing Service, founded by Mary Breckinridge in 1925 in eastern Kentucky]

Frost, C.D. 2000. Profiles from the past—Katharine Fowler-Billings: Pioneering woman field geologist. Gaea (newsletter of the Association for Women Geoscientists) 23(1): 1,4.

Fuller, W. 2003. Who said 'helix'? Right and wrong in the story of how the structure of DNA was discovered. Nature 424: 876–878. [includes information on Rosalind Franklin's contribution to the discovery of the structure of DNA]

Fuglei E, Goldman HV. 2006. Hanna Marie Resvoll-Holmsen: A pioneer in Svalbard. Polar Research 25(1): 1–13. [Resvoll-Holmsen was a botanist who was on the Expedition to Svalbard in the Arctic in 1906-1907]

G. R. G. 1986. Helen Brooke Taussig. The Lancet 1986, vol. 2 (Jul 12)(8498): 114–115.[Taussig developed the first surgical treatment for “blue baby” syndrome and founded the field of pediatric cardiology. Note: unable to find author’s name]

Galdikas, B.M.F. 1978. Orangutan adaptation at Tanjung Puting Reserve, central Borneo. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, 334 p. Galdikas, B.M.F. 1980. Indonesia's orangutans: Living with the great orange apes. National Geographic Magazine 157(6): 830–853.

Galdikas, B.M.F. 1994. Waiting for orangutans. Discover 15(12): 100-106 [excerpted from Reflections of Eden: My Years with the Orangutans of Borneo by B.M.F. Galdikas]

Galdikas, B.M.F. 1995. Reflections of Eden: My Years with the Orangutans of Borneo. Little Brown, Boston, 408 pp. [Biruté Galdikas was one of 3 female primatologists recruited by Louis Leakey to study primates in their natural habitat. See also Jane Goodall and Dian Fossey]

Gallagher, T.C. 1989. From family helpmeet to independent professional: Women in American pharmacy, 1870–1940. Pharmacy in History 31: 60–77.

Gallop, N. 1993. Science is women's work. National Women's History Project, 55 pp. [biographies of women in science with photos-for young people]

Galvin, R. 1998. Margaret Sanger's "deeds of terrible virtue." Humanities 19(5): 8-11; 36–37.

Gaposchkin, C.P. 1992. An Autobiography and Other Recollections (excerpt). In: Written by Herself, Autobiographies of American Women: An Anthology, (J.K. Conway, ed.), Random House, NY, pp. 248–282. [Cecilia Payne Gaposchkin, 1900-1979, was an astronomer who used atomic theory to study the elemental composition of stars.]

Garber, J.B. 1996. John and Elizabeth Gould: Ornithologists and scientific illustrators, 1829–1841. In: Creative Couples in the Sciences (H.M. Pycior, N.G. Slack, and P.G. Abir-Am, eds.), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, pp. 87–97.

Gardiner, L. 1984. Women in science. In: French Women and the Age of Enlightenment. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN , pp. 181–193. [primarily on Emilie du Châtelet, b. 1706, who was friends with Voltaire and published several books on physics and physical phenomena]

Gartner, C.B. 1983. Rachel Carson. Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., NY, 161 pp.

George, Y.S. 1979. The status of black women in science. The Black Collegian May/June: 64, 68-72, 114.

Gerrienne, P. 2006. Preface: A tribute to Muriel Fairon—Demaret (Editorial). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 142(3-4): 61. [Dr. Fairon-Demaret is a Belgian paleobotanist who studies the earliest plants to live on the land.]

Ghayourmanesh-Svoronos, S. 1997. Hattie Elizabeth Alexander (1901-1968). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 5–13.

Ghayourmanesh-Svoronos, S. 1997. Dian Fossey (1932-1985). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 183–189.

Ghayourmanesh-Svoronos, S. 1997. Libbie Hnerietta Hyman (1888-1985). In: Women in the Biological Sciences: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook (L.S. Grinstein, C.A. Biermann, R.K. Rose, eds.), Greenwood Press, CT, pp. 254–260.

Gilchrist, B.B. 1910. The Life of Mary Lyon. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 462 pp. [Mary Lyon founded Mt. Holyoke College, the first institution of higher education for women in the U.S.]

Gillett, M. 1990. Carrie Derick (1862-1941) and the Chair of Botany at McGill. In: Despite the Odds: Essays on Canadian Women and Science (M.G. Ainley, ed.), Véhicule Press, Montréal, Canada, pp. 74–87.

Gillett, M. 1990. The heart of the matter: Maude E. Abbott, 1869–1940. In: Despite the Odds: Essays on Canadian Women and Science (M.G. Ainley, ed.), Véhicule Press, Montréal, Canada, pp. 179–194.

Giroud, F. 1986. Marie Curie: A Life. Holmes and Meier, NY, 291 pp.

Glatzer, R. 1997. American Health for Women's health heroes 1997 awards. American Health for Women, October 1997: 41–46.

Glusker, J.P. 1994. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910-1994). Protein Science 3: 2465–2469. [Dr. Hodgkin won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for her work on the structure of natural products, especially penicillin and vitamin B12]

Glusker, J.P., and M.J. Adams. 1995. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (obituary). Physics Today 48: 80–81. [Dr. Hod